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21 results for “soil microbial respiration”
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Cumulative Microbial Respiration
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Daily Microbial Respiration
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Figure 1 in Soil quality, leaf litter quality, and microbial biomass interactively drive soil respiration in a microcosm experiment
Figure 1. Principal components analysis of (A) soil quality and (B) leaf litter quality across the experimental treatments (Table S1-2). Soil quality was quantified as a combination of soil pH, C, N, and C:N; leaf litter quality was quantified as a combination of leaf Ca, C, lignin, Mg, N, P, C:N, C:P, and N:P. Soil and leaf litter were collected from Hainich National Park, Germany.
Productivity-driven decoupling of microbial carbon use efficiency and respiration across global soils
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The effects of nitrogen and warming on soil respiration in arctic and boreal ecosystems: microbial respiration during a 924-day laboratory incubation
We incubated (2006-2009) northern Alaskan soils (boreal and tundra) at two temperatures (5 degC and 15 degC) and two levels of nitrogen addition (with and without) to directly test for nitrogen limitation of soil organic matter decomposition and explore the interaction between temperature and nitrogen limitation. Over the 924-day laboratory incubation, we measured microbial respiration from organic and mineral soils from four different ecosystem types (boreal burned, boreal unburned, moist acidic, moist non-acidic).
Data from: Cross-biome patterns in soil microbial respiration predictable from evolutionary theory on thermal adaptation
Climate warming may stimulate microbial metabolism of soil carbon, causing a carbon cycle-climate feedback whereby carbon is redistributed from soil to atmospheric CO2. The magnitude of this feedback is uncertain, in part because warming-induced shifts in microbial physiology and/or community composition could retard or accelerate soil carbon losses. Here, we measure microbial respiration rates for soils collected from 22 sites in each of three years, at locations spanning boreal to tropical climates. Respiration was measured in the laboratory with standard temperatures, moisture and excess carbon substrate, to allow physiological and community effects to be detected independent from the influence of these abiotic controls. Patterns in respiration for soils collected across the climate gradient are consistent with evolutionary theory on physiological responses that compensate for positive effects of temperature on metabolism. Respiration rates per unit microbial biomass were as much as 2.6-times higher for soils sampled from sites with a mean annual temperature (MAT) of -2.0 versus 21.7ºC. Subsequent 100-day incubations suggested differences in the plasticity of the thermal response among microbial communities, with communities sampled from sites with higher MAT having a more plastic response. Our findings are consistent with adaptive metabolic responses to contrasting thermal regimes that are also observed in plants and animals. These results may help build confidence in soil carbon-climate feedback projections by improving understanding of microbial processes represented in biogeochemical models.
Recent photosynthates are the primary carbon source for soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
<p class="Heading-Main"><span>Tropical and subtropical forests represent the largest terrestrial carbon pool. Elucidating the carbon sources for soil microbial respiration (Rm) in tropical and subtropical forests is of fundamental importance to the global carbon cycle in a warming world. Based on hourly measurements, we quantified Rm of <em>in situ </em>forest soil and soil cores from a subtropical forest. We found recent photosynthates, not soil organic carbon (SOC), contributed 88% ± 12% of the carbon source fueling Rm. The control of recent photosynthates on Rm is also supported by the close relationship between Rm and photosynthetically active radiation as well as literature data synthesis results. These results challenge conventional models based on the tenet that Rm is mainly regulated by soil temperature in all forest ecosystems. The results imply that the widely observed warming-induced Rm increases are largely explained by the enhanced input of recent photosynthates in tropical forests, not SOC consumption.</span></p>
Data for the effects of temperature variation on the thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration
<p>Data for the effects of temperature variation on the thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration</p>
Tree diversity effects on soil microbial biomass and respiration are context-dependent across forest diversity experiments
<p><b>Aim</b></p> <p>Soil microorganisms are essential for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Although soil microbial communities and functions may be linked to tree species composition and diversity, there has been no comprehensive study of how general these potential relationships are, or if they are context-dependent. Here, we examine tree diversity–soil microbial biomass and respiration relationships across environmental gradients using a global network of tree diversity experiments.</p> <p><b>Location</b></p> <p>Global</p> <p><b>Time Period</b></p> <p>2013</p> <p><b>Major Taxa Studied</b></p> <p>Soil microorganisms</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>Soil samples collected from eleven tree diversity experiments in four biomes were used to measure microbial respiration, biomass, and respiratory quotient using the substrate-induced respiration method. All samples were measured using the same analytical device, method, and procedure to reduce measurement bias. We used linear mixed-effects models and PCA to examine the effects of tree diversity (taxonomic and phylogenetic), environmental conditions, and interactions on soil microbial properties.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Abiotic drivers, mainly soil water content, but also soil carbon and soil pH, significantly increased soil microbial biomass and respiration. Optimal soil water content reduced the importance of other abiotic drivers. Tree diversity alone had no effect on the soil microbial properties, but interactions with phylogenetic diversity indicated that diversity effects are context-dependent and stronger in drier soils. Similar results were found for soil carbon and soil pH.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b></p> <p>Our results point to the importance of abiotic variables and especially soil water content for maintaining high levels of soil microbial functions and modulating the effects of other environmental drivers. Planting tree species with diverse water-use strategies and structurally complex canopies and high leaf area may crucial for maintaining high soil microbial biomass and respiration. Since higher phylogenetic distance alleviated unfavorable soil water conditions, reforestation efforts accounting for traits improving soil water content or choosing more phylogenetically distant species may assist in increasing soil microbial functions.</p>
Recent photosynthates are the primary carbon source for soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
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Sustainable land use enhances soil microbial respiration responses to experimental heat stress
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Mycorrhiza-dependent drivers of the positive rhizosphere effects on the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration in subtropical forests
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Data from: Cross-biome patterns in soil microbial respiration predictable from evolutionary theory on thermal adaptation
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Tree diversity effects on soil microbial biomass and respiration are context-dependent across forest diversity experiments
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Nitrogen enrichment causes the thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration
<p>As the climate warms, the feedback between soil carbon (C) and climate has the potential to decrease in magnitude over time due to the thermal adaptation of microbial respiration. However, the strength of microbial thermal adaptation (i.e., the degree to which microbial respiration adapts to temperature change) is uncertain, partly because the response of microbial respiration is regulated by multiple environmental factors acting simultaneously rather than by temperature alone; however, the combined effects of an environmental factor and warming on the thermal adaptation of microbial respiration have never been assessed. Using a 9-year two-way factorial experiment involving warming (daytime: 1.80℃; nighttime: 0.77℃) and nitrogen (N) enrichment (up to 15 g m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>) treatments in an alpine permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau, we show that microbial respiration adapts to warming only under exogenous N enrichment and that the strength of thermal adaptation gradually increases as N enrichment increases. We identified two contrasting pathways by which N enrichment appears to affect the strength of thermal adaptation—via an increase caused by soil acidification and a decrease caused by the inhibition of soil C availability and stimulation of soil C-degrading enzymes—with a net positive effect of N enrichment on microbial thermal adaptation. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering multiple environmental change factors in shaping the strength of thermal adaptation when predicting future soil C-climate feedbacks.</p>
Data from: Exposure to dairy manure leads to greater antibiotic resistance and increased mass-specific respiration in soil microbial communities
Intensifying livestock production to meet the demands of a growing global population coincides with increases in both the administration of veterinary antibiotics and manure inputs to soils. These trends have the potential to increase antibiotic resistance in soil microbial communities. The effect of maintaining increased antibiotic resistance on soil microbial communities and the ecosystem processes they regulate is unknown. We compare soil microbial communities from paired reference and dairy manure-exposed sites across the USA. Given that manure exposure has been shown to elicit increased antibiotic resistance in soil microbial communities, we expect that manure-exposed sites will exhibit (i) compositionally different soil microbial communities, with shifts toward taxa known to exhibit resistance; (ii) greater abundance of antibiotic resistance genes; and (iii) corresponding maintenance of antibiotic resistance would lead to decreased microbial efficiency. We found that bacterial and fungal communities differed between reference and manure-exposed sites. Additionally, the β-lactam resistance gene ampC was 5.2-fold greater under manure exposure, potentially due to the use of cephalosporin antibiotics in dairy herds. Finally, ampC abundance was positively correlated with indicators of microbial stress, and microbial mass-specific respiration, which increased 2.1-fold under manure exposure. These findings demonstrate that the maintenance of antibiotic resistance associated with manure inputs alters soil microbial communities and ecosystem function.
Thermal adaptation of microbial respiration persists throughout long-term soil carbon decomposition
<p>The microbial respiration data supporting the main findings of the study titled 'Thermal adaptation of microbial respiration persists throughout long-term soil carbon decomposition'. Mass-specific microbial respiration was consistently lower under higher long-term incubation temperatures, suggesting the occurrence and persistence of microbial thermal adaptation in long-term soil carbon decomposition.</p>
Data from: Exposure to dairy manure leads to greater antibiotic resistance and increased mass-specific respiration in soil microbial communities
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Soil microbial respiration rate:Dimensions of Biodiversity - Genetic, Phylogenetic, Functional, and Remotely Sensed Diversity
Novel remote sensing methods for monitoring the Earth's biodiversity will be applied to experimental manipulations of plant diversity - allowing scientists to examine the linkages between plant biodiversity, soil microbe diversity and ecosystem function at multiple scales of spatial resolution. Specifically, we propose to link remotely sensed optical diversity to plant functional, phylogenetic and genotypic diversity aboveground and to net primary production (NPP), and soil properties and microbial processes belowground, as a basis for predicting ecosystem processes with remote sensing. Our central hypothesis is that i) biodiversity (genotypic, functional and phylogenetic diversity) at one trophic level (plants) drives genetic and functional diversity in other trophic levels (soil microbes) with consequences for ecosystem function and ii) that such diversity can be detected remotely at multiple scales of spatial resolution. We propose to test this hypotheses within the long-term prairie biodiversity experiment (e120 Big Bio), the newly established Forest and Biodiversity (e271 FAB 1) experiment, and the Biodiversity of Willows and Poplars (e277 BiWaP) experiment. We will measure optical properties of these plots at the leaf level, 1 m above the plant canopy and from aircraft. Leaf level sampling and percent cover estimates will be non-destructive. Biomass sampling in Big Bio will follow standard protocol for the long-term experiment. Biomass estimates in FAB and BiWaP will use non-destructive methods. Below ground sampling in BigBio will be taken within the clip strip for biomass harvest. The proposed research involves researchers at the University of Minnesota, the University of Alberta, the University of Nebraska Lincoln, the University of Wisconsin, and Appalachian State University.
Soil trenching – are microbial communities alike in experimental peatland plots measuring total and heterotrophic respiration?
<p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Data obtained within a project financed by LIFE Programme of the European Union ‘Demonstration of climate change mitigation potential of nutrients rich organic soils in Baltic States and Finland (LIFE OrgBalt, LIFE18 CCM/LV/001158)</td> </tr> <tr></tr> </tbody> </table>
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