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467 results for “soil nitrogen”
Georgia Salt Marsh: Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Bulk Density, Moisture, and Texture
As part of project predicting soil carbon at depth from that found at the surface using remote sensing, 28 soil cores were taken from six salt marshes along the Georgia coastline. Cores were taken as deep as possible (25 – 165 cm) and sectioned into 5 cm depths. Soils were analyzed for organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), bulk density (BD), and particle size (by horizon). Stable carbon isotopes were obtained in three marshes on Sapelo Island; a subset was also analyzed for radiocarbon.
Litter Decomposition in Response to Nitrogen Addition and Soil Warming at Harvard Forest 2010-2012
The purpose of this study is to examine whether two environmental change stressors (warming and nitrogen deposition) differentially impact litter decomposition. We investigated this using a two year litterbag decomposition experiment at the chronic N amendment experiment and the Barre Woods Soil warming experiment, and measured litter decay dynamics, enzyme activities and litter chemistry. In both years mass loss of the mixed litter was suppressed under N addition, with most of the mass loss observed in the first year compared to the second year (70% and 30% of total mass loss, respectively). Both years showed either increased activity for some hydrolytic enzymes (e.g. cellobiohydrolase) or no difference (e.g. ß-N-acetylglucosaminidase) with increased N. The lignolytic enzymes (e.g. peroxidases) showed no difference in activity in the first year, but had a highly reduced activity in year 2 under elevated N conditions. Soil warming did not significantly affect litter mass loss, and only had an effect on the activity of a few enzymes. In the oak reciprocal litterbag study, decay of oak litter originating from the highest N addition plot was negatively affected by simulated N deposition in the first year of decomposition, while after two years, simulated N deposition negatively affected all litter, and litter originating from the highest N addition plot decayed more slowly than control litter even without added N (i.e. in the control plot). In addition, in the first year of decomposition lignolytic enzyme activities were suppressed in litter originating from the N addition treatments, but due to simulated N deposition in year two.
Foliar and Soil Chemistry at Harvard Forest Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Experiment 1995-2009
The aim of the chronic N study at Harvard Forest is to increase our understanding of ecosystem nitrogen dynamics in response to elevated nitrogen inputs. In recent, nitrogen deposition in the Northeastern United States has been 10 to 20 times above historic background levels which could possibly saturate the retention capacity of a forest ecosystem. Long-term elevated N deposition typically leads to an increase in the concentration of total foliar N, with or without similar changes in the important base elements such as Ca, Mg and K. This increase in leaf N content also leads to significant shifts in the internal partitioning of N within the leaf. For example, in conifers, N deposition has been shown to significantly increase leaf N present in the form of free amino acids such as arginine. Little is known about N partitioning for hardwoods under these conditions. These changes in N partitioning are possibly connected to leaf function. The present study was conducted to experimentally test whether the alterations in N partitioning do occur due to long-term N deposition and if so do they have a positive or a negative effect on photosynthetic capacity and biomass production. A possible decoupling of the relationship between foliar N and photosynthetic rate may occurs under these conditions. The treatment plots used in this study are part of the Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Study at the Harvard Forest LTER site (42.5°N, 72°W). The site has a temperate climate with monthly temperatures ranging from -7°C in January to 20°C in July. Average annual precipitation is 110 cm (http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu). The site averages approximately 8 kg ha-1 year-1 of total N deposition. As reported earlier, the land-use history of the pine and hardwood stands used in this study is very different. Two adjacent stands were chosen for the study: an even-aged red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stand and a 50-year-old mixed hardwood stand that had regenerated naturally after clearcutting i
Soil Carbon and Nitrogen at the Harvard Farm at Harvard Forest since 2015
These data represent baseline soil bulk density and total soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations for the three grazing treatments at Harvard Farm: hay (no grazing), rotational grazing, and intensive grazing. These samples were collected at the beginning of the study, so any differences across plots or treatments are due to inherent soil variability at the site rather than the treatments themselves. These data were collected to establish the starting conditions with which to compare potential treatment effects at later sampling dates.
Leaf and Soil Nitrogen Following Lymantria dispar Defoliation in Central Massachusetts 2018-2019
In this study we investigated relationships between ecosystem nitrogen (N) cycling and tree defoliation during a recent 2015-2018 irruption of invasive Lymantria dispar caterpillars, which can cause tree stress and sometimes mortality following multiple years of defoliation. Nitrogen is a critical nutrient that limits the growth of caterpillars and plants in temperate forests. We assessed the associations between N concentrations, soil solution inorganic N availability, and defoliation intensity by L. dispar at the scale of individual trees in the Amherst, MA area and forest plots in the Quabbin Reservoir area.
Soil Warming Plus Nitrogen Addition Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2006
Climate warming and N deposition are occurring on a global scale with unknown long-term effects on soil microbial communities and the biogeochemical processes they perform. Few studies have examined the interactive effects of elevated temperatures and N additions on soil microbial community structure and function. The overall objective of this study is to investigate whether warming and N additions restructure microbial communities and alter the response of soil C pools to these two stressors. A related study is examining the interactive effects of warming and N additions on plant and ant diversity. This research is being carried out at the Soil Warming x Nitrogen Addition Study at the Harvard Forest which includes four treatments: control, warming (heating to 5 deg C above ambient), warming x N, and N additions only (addition of 50 kg N/ha/yr). Soil respiration measurements have been made monthly since the beginning of the experiment in 2006. In 2010 and 2011, two different methods were compared: static chamber measurements and instantaneous field IRGA assessments. Soil samples (~0-10 cm) have been sampled annually for total C and N, N mineralization, and microbial community composition. Most recently, soils were collected in October 2011 from across the entire profile (0-50 cm) to access potential changes in soil C and N pools with depth. First, 20 x 20 cm forest floor samples were collected. Mineral soils were then collected in 10 cm depth increments to ~50 cm. Samples are currently being analyzed for total C and N, microbial biomass and community composition and fungal gene expression (transcriptomics). Additionally, long-term incubations are being conducted to measure labile and recalcitrant C fractions. Additional soil physical (texture) and chemical (pH, inorganic N) are being measured. Field season measurements of soil respiration indicate that both warming and N additions continue to stimulate CO2 flux, with warming treatments having a stronger effect on re
Soil nitrogen availability vs. acidification: effects on soil respiration, heterotrophic respiration, and soil physicochemical properties in mixed temperate forests in central New York, USA (2019-2022)
In 2011, an experimental nitrogen x pH manipulation study was initiated in mixed temperate forests in central New York, USA to disentangle the often-confounded roles of nitrogen (N) and soil pH in driving various ecosystem processes. This data package contains soil physicochemical properties (soil pH, resin available nitrogen), soil temperature, in situ soil respiration, and heterotrophic respiration measured from laboratory incubations of soils collected from experimental plots. Soil pH was measured both pre-treatment (2009-2010) and after 8 and 11 years of experimental treatment. All other properties were measured between 9 and 12 years after treatment initiation.
Short-Term Effects on Vegetation in Soil Warming Plus Nitrogen Addition Experiment at Harvard Forest 2006
The purpose of this experiment is to examine the interactive affects of warming and N additions on plant diversity. The experiment consists of four treatments (control, heated +N, heated -N, +N only) with six replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design. Average soil temperature in the heated plots will be elevated 5 deg C above ambient by the use of buried heating cables placed at 10 cm depth in the soil and spaced 20 cm apart. The heating cables will be controlled by a data logger that monitors thermistors (5 per plot) every 10 min. Plots will automatically turn on and off to maintain a 5 deg C temperature difference between the heated and control plots. The N addition plots (heated +N, +N only) will be fertilized following the protocol of the Chronic Nitrogen Addition Study. An aqueous solution of NH4NO3 will be applied at a rate equivalent to the low N plots at the chronic N study (5 g m-2 yr-1). Fertilizer will be applied in equal monthly doses during the growing season (Apr-Oct). The control plots and unfertilized, heated plots (heated -N) will receive water only.
Soil Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen at the Soil Warming Plus Nitrogen Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2018
This dataset includes soil air CO2 and O2 concentrations measured from the organic/mineral horizon interface and 10, 30, and 50 cm depths of the mineral soil at SWaN using permanently installed stainless steel gas wells. Measurements were made 4-8 times throughout the year in 2018, 2019, and 2020.
Nitrogen mineralization potential in soils collected from the Jornada Basin LTER-I transect and extracted at field collection time, 1989
This data package contains nitrogen mineralization data from soils collected along the Jornada Basin LTER (LTER-I) transects in southern New Mexico, USA. These transects are located in a livestock exclosure established in 1982 in the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) and run from the middle of the College Playa up to the foot of Mt. Summerford (2.7 km in length). Prior to the exclosure, the study site was moderately to heavily grazed for the past 100 years. The Treatment transect was treated annually with ammonium nitrate fertilizer (NH4NO3 at 10g N/m2/yr) until 1987. Along each transect, 91 stations, each with a plant intercept line, are spaced at 30 meter intervals. For this dataset, 60 soil samples (total) were collected along the control and fertilized treatment transects and mixed with potassium chloride solution (KCl) on Nov 27, 1989, then filter extracted the following day. The dataset contains a soil moisture correction factor, sample weights, total inorganic nitrogen (NO3+NO2-N), and nitrogen in ammonium (NH4-N) for Week F (field) of nitrogen mineralization potentials. The soil mineralization data complements the biomass harvest measurements that occurred in September 1989 (dataset knb-lter-jrn.210015001). This study is complete.
Nitrogen mineralization potential in soils collected from the Jornada Basin LTER-I transect and extracted at incubation time 0, 1989
This data package contains nitrogen mineralization data from soils collected along the Jornada Basin LTER (LTER-I) transects in southern New Mexico, USA. These transects are located in a livestock exclosure established in 1982 in the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) and run from the middle of the College Playa up to the foot of Mt. Summerford (2.7 km in length). Prior to the exclosure, the study site was moderately to heavily grazed for the past 100 years. The Treatment transect was treated annually with ammonium nitrate fertilizer (NH4NO3 at 10g N/m2/yr) until 1987. Along each transect, 91 stations, each with a plant intercept line, are spaced at 30 meter intervals. For this dataset, 60 soil samples (total) were collected along the control and fertilized treatment transects and mixed with potassium chloride solution (KCl) on Nov 27, 1989, then filter extracted four days later to give a time = 0 incubation value. The dataset contains a soil moisture correction factor, sample weights, total inorganic nitrogen (NO3+NO2-N), and nitrogen in ammonium (NH4-N) for Week 0 of nitrogen mineralization potentials. The soil mineralization data complements the biomass harvest measurements that occurred in September 1989 (dataset knb-lter-jrn.210015001). This study is complete.
Soil and foliar carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope ratios from rainfall manipulation experiments at the Jornada Basin LTER, 2011-2020
As rainfall extremes are expected to increase in novel magnitude and frequency, especially in dryland regions, we asked how prolonged and directional shifts to water availability may affect ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics. This data set includes foliar and soil carbon and nitrogen stable isotope and concentration data collected from multiple long-term rainfall manipulation experiments at the Jornada Basin LTER. Datasets also include rainfall data adjusted to rainfall manipulation intensities. Collection dates range from 5 to 14 years since the onset of experimental treatments. The primary plant species targeted for this study were the dominant grass, Bouteloua eriopoda, and the dominant shrub, Prosopis glandulosa.
NEON soil inorganic nitrogen measurements 2017-2020, derived data and code for Earth's Future manuscript
Nitrogen (N) is a key limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems, but there remain critical gaps in our ability to predict and model controls on soil N cycling. This may be in part due to lack of standardized sampling across broad spatial-temporal scales. In a paper submitted for publication in Earth's future, we introduce a continentally distributed, publicly available dataset collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) that can help fill these gaps. To overcome methodological challenges and generate a standardized dataset, we produced a derived data version of soil inorganic N pools and net N transformation rate tables, which accounts for nitrite contamination in blanks. This derived dataset is then used to evaluate sources of variation within the NEON sampling design with mixed effects models, and we also compare measured net N mineralization to simulated fluxes from the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2).
Field Evidence of Carbon and Nitrogen Stabilization through Mineral Associated Organic Matter Formation in Coastal Wetland Soils from Apalachicola, Florida, collected in June, 2022.
This data set was used to observe the role of Mineral Associated Organic Matter Formation (MAOM) on biogeochemical soil properties in three coastal wetlands in Apalachicola, Florida. One wetland was restored using beneficial dredged sediment, increasing the soil's inorganic matter content. Soil samples were collected in June 2022 from this wetland and two nearby reference wetlands: one with high organic matter and the other with higher inorganic matter content. The samples were analyzed at the University of Central Florida for biogeochemical properties to determine which properties were most related to MAOM pools.
Soil nitrogen availability and acidity: effects on aboveground production and belowground carbon allocation in mid- and late-successional mixed temperate forests (2009-2021)
In 2011, an experimental nitrogen x pH manipulation study was initiated in mid- and late-successional mixed temperate forests in central New York, USA to disentangle the often-confounded roles of nitrogen (N) and soil pH in driving various ecosystem processes. This data package contains forest productivity (wood, litterfall, and aboveground net primary production), total belowground carbon flux (TBCF), and leaf litterfall and fine root chemistry (C and N concentration) data collected from all experimental plots. It also includes plot-level, species-weighted estimates of measured and modeled photosynthesis (Anet) for the late-successional stands. Wood production, litterfall production, and litterfall chemistry data were collected between 2009 and 2019. Aboveground net primary production data are reported for a pre-treatment interval (2009-2011) and the interval including years 6-9 of experimental treatment (2016-2019). All other properties were measured between years 9 and 11 of the experiment (2019-2021).
The Biomass and Plant Functional Traits of Leymus chinensis Affected by Genotypic Diversity and Soil Nitrogen Addition through a Two-year Experiment, Tianjin, China, 2021-2023
In order to investigate the effects of soil nitrogen addition on the genotypic diversity of Leymus chinensis, 12 genotypes of Leymus chinensis were used as plant material and a two-factor experimental design was carried out in this study. Factor one was genotypic diversity of L. chinensis, including three levels: mono-genotype (G1), three genotypes (G3), and six genotypes (G6). Factor two was the soil nitrogen addition level, which included four levels: no nitrogen addition (N0), 2.5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N2.5), 5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N5), and 10 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N10). Each treatment had 12 combinations as replicates, and 12 genotypes of L. chinensis were used. The frequency of each genotype was standardized across all treatment levels of genotypic diversity × soil nitrogen addition. The experiment commenced in September 2021 and soil nitrogen was applied every 2 months. Plants were cultivated in the experimental field at Nankai University, but were moved to a greenhouse for overwintering from November to February each year. During the experiment, there were no stresses or disturbances such as shading, drought, or insect feeding; weeds were regularly removed.
Nitrogen Cycling and Environmental Data in Riparian Soils across Biomes
This dataset compiles soil nitrogen cycle data from riparian soils, sourced from peer-reviewed studies published between 1980 and 2023. The selection process was based on three inclusion criteria: (1) studies measuring in-situ net nitrification rates in the top soil layer using the incubating bag technique, (2) studies reporting net nitrification rates from laboratory incubations without altering the initial nitrogen pool, and (3) studies providing field data on soil nitrogen concentrations, moisture, and temperature. The final dataset (D1) includes data from 174 riparian sites across four continents, with the majority of sites (86%) located in North America and Europe, while only 13 were located in the Southern hemisphere. For each site, we gathered data on net nitrification rates and key soil physicochemical properties, including bulk density, depth, moisture (expressed as water-filled pore space, WFPS), temperature, and ammonium and nitrate concentrations. The dataset includes 734 observations from 99 field sites and 120 observations from 45 laboratory-incubated sites. All publications from which data were used are list in dataset 2 (D2). This comprehensive dataset offers valuable insights into nitrogen dynamics in riparian soils, supporting further research into soil nitrogen cycling across diverse biomes and environmental conditions.
Soil and root-associated fungal response to nitrogen and phosphorus addition from grasslands worldwide: 2011-2012.
Ecosystems across the globe receive elevated inputs of nutrients, but the consequences of this for soil fungal guilds that mediate key ecosystem functions remain unclear. We found that nitrogen and phosphorus addition to 25 grasslands distributed across four continents promoted the relative abundance of fungal pathogens, suppressed mutualists, but did not affect saprotrophs. Structural equation models suggested that responses were often indirect and primarily mediated by nutrient-induced shifts in plant communities. Nutrient addition also reduced co-occurrences within and among fungal guilds, which could have important consequences for belowground interactions. Focusing only on plots that received no nutrient addition, soil properties influenced pathogen abundance globally, whereas plant community characteristics influenced mutualists, and climate influenced saprotrophs. These guild-level responses enhance our ability to predict soil functional responses to anthropogenic eutrophication and the associated longer-term responses of plant communities to this important global change factor.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Gravimetric Soil Moisture
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Percentage of Carbon and Nitrogen of Soil Sediments from the Shark River Slough, Taylor Slough and Florida Bay within Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, August 2008 - ongoing
These data represent the results of CHN Analysis from annual soil sampling from all 17 FCE LTER transect locations from Year 2008 thru ongoing. In 2017, the samples were collected before Hurricane Irma (2017a) and post Hurricane Irma (2017b). Surface soils from 0-10 cm been homogenized and analyzed from Sawgrass and mangrove sites and Florida Bay sites. Soils and sediments were analyzed for percentage by weight of total Carbon and Nitrogen with a PerkinElmer CHNS /O 2400 Series II Elemental Analyzer. These analyses are completed to document the differences in soil composition among transect sites, and to provide a baseline dataset against which long-term changes in the properties of the soils can be detected.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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