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19 results for “soil science”
Preliminary table of Citizen Science initiatives for monitoring soil health
<p>This matrix is the result of collaborative work for Deliverable 1.1 (WP1; T1.1) of the ECHO project. It facilitated the creation of an overview of the current state of the art in projects, initiatives, or activities that have already involved citizens in monitoring soil health, from both inside and outside the European Union. From this, strategic recommendations for ECHO were derived, ensuring that this project not only makes a valuable contribution to the field of soil health monitoring but also sets a precedent for future citizen science endeavors.</p>
Biological soil covers: data on lichen, bryophyte and algae coverage in soils gathered by SoilSkin citizen science program using eBryoSoil app for smartphones
<p>Biological soil covers (BSC) are small-sized topsoil communities composed mainly by lichens, bryophytes and algae that cover the terrestrial surface and play an essential role in maintaining the quality of the soil. However, little is known about their distribution, conservation, and ecosystem functions. The SoilSkin citizen science project aims to expand the scientific knowledge about the distribution of biological soil covers as an important step to evaluate the vulnerability of soil ecosystems of the Iberian Peninsula in the face of global change.</p> <p>The project has a dedicated free of charge app for smartphones (eBryoSoil, available at Google Play <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.omarfiz.ebryosoil&hl=ca&gl=US">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.omarfiz.ebryosoil&hl=ca&gl=US</a>) that is designed to obtain information about the coverage of the BSC communities. To use this app, users must select a sampling location and capture the three soil pictures required to complete a transect. These photographs are taken at a 27 cm distance from the soil, in a straight line with 15 meters of distance between each picture. After the acquisition of each image, users can quantify the coverage percentage of biological soil covers and select the type of habitat where the transect took place. The transect is complete when all three pictures and their respective information are uploaded.</p> <p>The data presented here contains the records from SoilSkin participants, which mainly include a characterization of the cover patterns of biological soil covers, the type of habitat and the coordinates where each record was taken. The data set is composed by 279 unique records taken by 37 unique users from 28/11/2019 to 12/12/2020, across the Iberian Peninsula. These records specifically detail the percentage of cover occupied by three types of lichen growth forms (crustose, foliose and fruticose); liverworts; two types of moss growth forms (acrocarpous and pleurocarpous); algae; and soil. Moreover, each record also contains a description of the main type of habitat where the transect took place, that was selected from a list contained in the app with the following habitats:</p> <ul> <li>Dense forest - Habitat characterized by trees of more than 2 meters tall and canopy over 60%.</li> <li>Open forest – Habitat characterized by trees with more than 2 meters tall and a canopy below 60%.</li> <li>Shrubland – Habitat characterized by woody vegetation with less than 2 meters tall.</li> <li>Grassland – Habitat characterized by herbaceous plants.</li> <li>Agricultural land – Habitat characterized by temporary or woody crops.</li> <li>Coastal habitat – Habitat characterized by a landscape where land is in contact with the sea, creating a visibly different landscape from inner terrestrial one’s.</li> <li>Urban green spaces – Habitat characterized by a landscape in which man-made structures are present.</li> </ul> <p>The database was revised to correct any possible mistakes (e.g., miscalculation of total percentages; habitat missing in some registers; removal of invalid registers).</p> <p>The data file contains the following columns:</p> <ul> <li>Date: numerical variable indicating the “day”/”month”/”year” when the register was generated.</li> <li>User_ID: categorical variable with the identification number of the user who gathered the record.</li> <li>Transect: categorical variable with the identification of the number of the transect.</li> <li>Photo_number: numeric variable that takes values of 1, 2 or 3 and corresponds with the identification of the photographs within each transect.</li> <li>Photo_label: character string with the identification of the photograph from each record.</li> <li>Register_localization: categorical variable with the identification of the geographic area where the record was done.</li> <li>Latitude: integer, variable indicating the latitude of the sampling location in decimal degrees.</li> <li>Longitude: integer, variable indicating the longitude of the sampling location in decimal degrees.</li> <li>Accuracy: integer, variable indicating the accuracy of the coordinates given by the GPS.</li> <li>Habitat_type: categorical variable with the description of the main type of habitat of the sampling location.</li> <li>Lichen_Crustose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of crustose lichen cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Lichen_Foliose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of foliose lichen cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Lichen_Fruticose: integer, variable indicating the percentage of fruticose lichen cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Total_lichen: integer, variable indicating the sum of all lichen coverage quantified in the record.</li> <li>Liverwort: integer, variable indicating the percentage of liverwort cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Moss_Acrocarpous: integer, variable indicating the percentage of acrocarpous moss cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Moss_Pleurocarpous: integer, variable indicating the percentage of pleurocarpous moss cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Total_ moss: integer, variable indicating the sum of all moss coverage quantified in the record.</li> <li>Algae: integer, variable indicating the percentage of algae cover quantified in the record.</li> <li>Soil: integer, variable indicating the percentage of soil visible in the record.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Text-fig. 4. A – Alasia sp., pollen ornamentation, compared with B – extant Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey (courtesy of Natalia Naryshkina, Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Vladivostok), with similar verrucate – scabrate elements. Scale bar 1 µm. in In Situ Pollen Of Alasia, A Supposed Staminate Inflorescence Of Trochodendroides Plant
Text-fig. 4. A – Alasia sp., pollen ornamentation, compared with B – extant Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey (courtesy of Natalia Naryshkina, Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Vladivostok), with similar verrucate – scabrate elements. Scale bar 1 µm.
The experience base of the Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnologies and Plant Protection in the town of Bozhurishte, region Sofia - on an area of 7.2 decares - First experiment
<p>A first field experiment was carried out in the Experimental field Bozhurishte on Leached Smolnitsa with corn for grain (Zea mays, L.) in 2 crop rotations in 2022 under TUdi project. The paper presents the results and short analysis. </p>
Data on soil variables (with plot IDs) and grassland species traits used for the analysis of grassland vegetation data by Pillar, V.D. (2024) Trait divergence in plant community assembly is generated by environmental factor interactions. Journal of Vegetation Science, 35, e13259. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13259
<p>File <a href="../api/records/10983049/draft/files/Plot_IDs_990ua.txt/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Plot_IDs_990ua.txt</a> contains the IDs of the 1-m2 plots used for the analysis of grassland vegetation data by Pillar, V.D. (2024) Trait divergence in plant community assembly is generated by environmental factor interactions. The plot data are stored in the sPlot database (PPBio South Brazilian Grassland Database).</p> <p>File <a href="../api/records/10983049/draft/files/E_990ua_21SoilVar.txt/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">E_990ua_21SoilVar.txt</a> contains data on soil variables evaluated in the 250 m transects, but here expanded to the 990 1-m2 plots (each transect was sampled using 10 1-m2 pots).</p> <p>File <a href="../api/records/10983049/draft/files/B_769spp_4t.txt/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">B_769spp_4t.txt</a> is the species trait database collected in the framework of several research projects in the Quantitative Ecology Lab (EcoQua) and Grassland Vegetation Studies Lab (LevCamp) of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Data gaps were filled by compiled from the TRY database and data imputation.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Assessing the use of bison for savanna restoration at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve: Soil Carbon and Nitrogen
Oak savanna is the most threatened ecosystem in Minnesota and fire, alone, is not restoring and preserving it. Our savanna restoration research started more than a half century ago in what had once been native savanna at Cedar Creek. It has shown that burning about 4 to 7 times per decade eliminates shrubs and non-savanna tree species and restores prairie grassland species. However, our 50 years of research is also showing that these frequent and intense fires are preventing oaks from regenerating. Bison are now known to be a keystone species for restoring and preserving grasslands, but their roles in savanna ecosystems remain unknown. In grasslands, bison preferentially graze the dominant warm season grasses that would otherwise outcompete wildflowers, thereby promoting plant coexistence and enhancing plant diversity. Here we propose to test whether bison grazing might promote the growth and survivorship of oak seedlings in burned savannas by reducing grass fuel for fires and by knocking back dominant grass competitors. We will maintain the existing fire frequencies and the design of the long-term burning experiment, while adding bison grazing as an additional factor in part of several burn units on the southeast side of the property. Bison will graze during the summer and early fall seasons. Grazing exclosures will be established, and oak seedlings will be planted, to test effects of bison grazing on early oak growth and survivorship. The outcomes we plan to achieve are to: (1) discover better restoration and preservation practices for savanna ecosystems; (2) determine how these practices impact savanna biodiversity; and (3) educate Minnesotans about the ecological heritage of their state, including the roles that bison, fire and biodiversity play in the functioning of savannas and other Minnesota ecosystems. We will achieve these goals and outcomes by: (1) restoring bison grazing to 200 acres of oak savanna; (2) experimentally testing whether bison grazing promot
Data on universities offering undergraduate degrees that train students for soil science careers at universities in the USA and its territories
<p>Several soil science education studies over the last 15 years have focused on the number of students enrolled in soil science programs. However, no studies have quantitatively addressed the number of undergraduate soil science preparatory programs that exist in the United States, which means we do not have solid data concerning whether overall program numbers are declining, rising, or holding steady. This also means we do not have complete data on the same trends for total undergraduate soil science students in the United States. This study used the US Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Soil Science Series 0470 standards to determine if a bachelor's degree met soil science preparatory criteria. Lists of the approximately 3,500 regionally accredited colleges and universities were obtained from the regional accrediting agencies and the website of each of the colleges and universities was visited to determine if they had a degree program that met the OPM 0470 criteria. A total of 92 soil science preparatory degree programs were identified at 86 colleges and universities. These programs were primarily linked to 1) agriculture, 2) environmental science, and 3) soil and water science based on number of degree occurrences. This study creates a baseline for future studies that can investigate trends in soil science programs. It also provides insight into the institutions and degree programs that should be included in soil science education studies.</p>
Citizen science improves our understanding of the impact of soil management on wild pollinator abundance in agroecosystems
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Native bees provide essential pollination services in both natural and managed ecosystems. However, declines in native bee species highlight the need for increased understanding of land management methods that can promote healthy, persistent populations and diverse communities. This can be challenging and costly using traditional scientific methods, but citizen science can overcome many limitations. In this study, we examined the distribution and abundance of an agriculturally important wild bee species, the squash bee (<i>Eucera </i>(<i>Peponapis</i>) <i>pruinosa</i>, Hymenoptera: Apidae). They are ground nesting, specialist bees that depend on cultivated varieties of <i>Cucurbita </i>(squash, pumpkins, gourds). The intimate relationship between squash bees and their host plants suggests that they are likely sensitive to farm management practices, particularly those that disturb the soil. In this study, citizen scientists across Michigan used a smartphone application to submit field management and bee observation data. Survey results indicated that squash bees occupy a wide geographic range and are more abundant in farms with reduced soil disturbance. Citizen science provided a cheap, effective method for examining impacts of farm management practices on squash bees and could be a valuable tool for monitoring and conserving other native pollinators. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Bachelors level soil science training at land grant institutions in the USA and its territories
Concern over the status of soil science education in the USA has led to a number of publications in recent years that track trends in student enrollment and offer suggestions for attracting more students to soil science. However, there is little information about changes in the number of degree programs that prepare students for careers as soil scientists, and such changes are obviously an important measure of the status of our field. This study established criteria to identify bachelor's degree programs that prepare students for soil science careers and used websites at land grant colleges to review the degree offerings of these schools in USA states and territories to determine if they met the established criteria. Fifty-nine land grant colleges were identified that offer bachelor's degree programs that prepare students for soil science careers, with a total of 61 degree programs since two of the schools had two separate bachelor's degrees that met the established criteria. This study provides guidelines for conducting similar future studies and a baseline against which they can be compared to allow us to determine whether we are gaining or losing soil science programs at the land grant colleges over time.
Greenhouse plant-soil feedback experiment at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
<p>We conducted a reciprocal greenhouse experiment to examine how the growth of prairie grass species depended on the soil communities conditioned by conspecific or heterospecific plant species in the field. The source soil came from monocultures in a long-term competition experiment (LTCE, Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, MN, USA). Within the LTCE, six species of perennial prairie grasses were grown in monocultures or in eight pairwise competition plots for 12 years under conditions of low and high soil nitrogen availability. In six cases, one species clearly excluded the other; in two cases, the pair appeared to coexist. In year 12, we gathered soil from all 12 soil types (monocultures of six species by two nitrogen levels) and grew seedlings of all six species in each soil type for seven weeks.</p>
Soil science JSON files
<p>JSON files that will be harvested in the process in ORKG.</p>
Citizen science improves our understanding of the impact of soil management on wild pollinator abundance in agroecosystems
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Greenhouse plant-soil feedback experiment at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
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Data from: Bachelors level soil science training at land grant institutions in the USA and its territories
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Data on universities offering undergraduate degrees that train students for soil science careers at universities in the USA and its territories
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Data for degrees earned by faculty teaching in soil science preparatory programs at universities in the USA
<p>In the early 2000s some were concerned that few soil science graduate students were receiving their bachelor's degrees in soil science. However, no studies were conducted to investigate this or how it may have changed over time. Information available on university webpages for faculty in the USA was used to determine the faculty's bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree disciplines. Faculty rank was used to determine if a change had occurred in the percent of faculty who received their bachelor's degrees in soil science over time. Only 16% of faculty teaching in programs that prepare graduates to work as soil scientists received their bachelor's degrees in soil science. This percentage increased to 56% and 67% who received their master's and doctoral degrees, respectively, in soil science, but about 26% of faculty who teach in soil science preparatory programs did not have any degrees that could be identified as a "soil science" degree. The degrees that faculty received their training in also differed by their current soil science specialty area. About 13% of assistant professors and 20% of full professors received their bachelor's degrees in soil science, so the percentage of students entering soil science graduate programs with a bachelor's degree in soil science appears to have declined with time. However, a majority of soil science graduate students having bachelor's degrees from other fields also appears to have been common going back at least several decades.</p>
Data for degrees earned by faculty teaching in soil science preparatory programs at universities in the USA
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Figure 2 from: Cuenca-Garcia C, Armstrong K, Aidona E, De Smedt P, Rosveare A, Rosveare M, Schneidhofer P, Wilson C, Faßbinder J, Moffat I, Sarris A, Scheiblecker M, Jrad A, van Leusen M, Lowe K (2018) THE SOIL SCIENCE & ARCHAEO-GEOPHYSICS ALLIANCE (SAGA): going beyond prospection. Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e31648. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e31648
Figure 2 PERT Chart.
Figure 1 from: Cuenca-Garcia C, Armstrong K, Aidona E, De Smedt P, Rosveare A, Rosveare M, Schneidhofer P, Wilson C, Faßbinder J, Moffat I, Sarris A, Scheiblecker M, Jrad A, van Leusen M, Lowe K (2018) THE SOIL SCIENCE & ARCHAEO-GEOPHYSICS ALLIANCE (SAGA): going beyond prospection. Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e31648. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e31648
Figure 1 GANTT Chart
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