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15 results for “song dialects”
Fig. 3 in Archaic Dialect Of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Passeriformes, Fringillidae), Song In The Lower-Dnipro Area (South Ukraine) And Its Territorial Relations
Fig. 3. Dendrogram of territorial complexes Lower-Dnipro Area (localities are described in table 1).
Fig. 1 in Archaic Dialect Of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Passeriformes, Fringillidae), Song In The Lower-Dnipro Area (South Ukraine) And Its Territorial Relations
Fig. 1. Components of Chaffinch song structure: 1 — phrase; 2 — inserted element; 3 — pre-flourish; 4 — flourish. a — element; b — sub-element.
Fig. 2 in Archaic Dialect Of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Passeriformes, Fringillidae), Song In The Lower-Dnipro Area (South Ukraine) And Its Territorial Relations
Fig. 2. Study area and Lower-Dnipro dialect territory:> 50 — localities with more than 50 % specific dialectal Lower Dnipro song types in song complex; 26–50 — specific dialectal types constitute 26–50 % of song complex; 5–25 — dialectal types constitute 5–25 %; 0 — specific dialectal types were not found.
Fig. 5 in Archaic Dialect Of Chaffinch, Fringilla Coelebs (Passeriformes, Fringillidae), Song In The Lower-Dnipro Area (South Ukraine) And Its Territorial Relations
Fig. 5. Specific "southern" elements in Lower-Dnipro dialect. Elements found in song complexes of South Ukraine: LD — Lower-Dnipro dialect; SE — South-East sub-dialect of Left-bank dialect; Cr — Crimean dialect; Da — Danube dialect; Cp — Carpathian dialect.
Familiarity, homogeneity, and discrimination of song dialects: Data and playback study stimuli
<p>Male songbirds of many species sing local song dialects that are restricted to defined geographical areas. In most tests of responses to local versus foreign dialects, males respond more aggressively to songs from their own dialect, presumably because local males represent more of a threat to their success. We asked how hearing foreign songs during development and territory establishment affects discrimination of the local dialect in wild Savannah sparrows, <em>Passerculus sandwichensis</em>. After foreign songs had been heard from loudspeakers in the study area in at least two consecutive breeding seasons, males reduced the intensity of their responses to the local version of population-specific buzz segment of the song. Four years after the foreign songs were last broadcast on the study area, males again responded more aggressively to the local version of the buzz. As for the basis of these responses, we found no evidence that birds discriminated among dialects by comparing them to their own songs. However, auditory experience with a foreign song, whether during song development (from speaker-simulated song tutors) or during the current breeding season (from neighbours' songs), reduced the intensity of birds' responses to the local buzz type. Both familiarity, in the form of auditory experience with a song type, and homogeneity, when a song type is sung by all or nearly all of the population, appear to contribute to heightened aggressive responses to a local song dialect.</p>
Familiarity, homogeneity, and discrimination of song dialects: Data and playback study stimuli
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Data from: Female, but not male, tropical sparrows respond more strongly to the local song dialect: implications for population divergence.
In addition to the observed high diversity of species in the tropics, divergence among populations of the same species exists over short geographic distances in both phenotypic traits and neutral genetic markers. Divergence among populations suggests great potential for the evolution of reproductive isolation and eventual speciation. In birds, song can evolve quickly through cultural transmission resulting in regional dialects, which can be a critical component of reproductive isolation through variation in female preference. We examined female and male behavioral responses to local and non-local dialects in two allopatric populations of rufous-collared sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) in the Andes of Ecuador. Here we show that female sparrows prefer their natal song dialect to the dialect from an allopatric population just 25 km away and separated by unsuitable higher elevation habitat (pass 4200 m), thus providing evidence of prezygotic reproductive isolation among populations. Males showed similar territorial responses to all conspecific dialects, with no consistent difference with respect to distance, making male territoriality uninformative for estimating reproductive isolation. This study provides novel evidence for culturally-based prezygotic isolation over very short distances in a tropical bird.
FIGURES 4a–o in Song dialects as diagnostic characters - acoustic differentiation of the Canary Island Goldcrest subspecies Regulus regulus teneriffae Seebohm 1883 and R. r. ellenthalerae Päckert et al. 2006 (Aves: Passeriformes: Regulidae)
FIGURES 4a–o. Territorial song of Regulus regulus teneriffae, song types indicated on the sonagrams, lower left. La Gomera: a–d, song type A, strophes of four different males; Tenerife: e, g–h, song type A1 withfixed motiv I, strophes of three different males; f, rare song type F; i, song type B, male from Esperanza Forest; k–m, song type B, three different males from Anaga Mts; n, song type C, male from Anaga Mts; o, song type D, male from Anaga Mts.
FIGURE 2 in Song dialects as diagnostic characters - acoustic differentiation of the Canary Island Goldcrest subspecies Regulus regulus teneriffae Seebohm 1883 and R. r. ellenthalerae Päckert et al. 2006 (Aves: Passeriformes: Regulidae)
FIGURE 2. Distribution of Gold and Firecrests on the Atlantic islands. Distribution of dialect song types from the Canary Islands is indicated by symbols on the according island.
FIGURES 1a–d in Song dialects as diagnostic characters - acoustic differentiation of the Canary Island Goldcrest subspecies Regulus regulus teneriffae Seebohm 1883 and R. r. ellenthalerae Päckert et al. 2006 (Aves: Passeriformes: Regulidae)
FIGURES 1a–d. Vocalization pattern of Goldcrests; a, bipartite song of European Goldcrests, R. r. regulus, Czech Republik; b, tripartite song of R. r. azoricus, São Miguel; syntax: introduction (unit 1) + mid part (ascending phrase, unit 2) + final part (terminal flourish, unit 3); c, parameters measured in sonagraphic analysis indicated by horizontal and vertical lines; d, subsong of R. r. japonensis, Far East Siberia; from a continuous performance of about two minutes.
FIGURE 3 in Song dialects as diagnostic characters - acoustic differentiation of the Canary Island Goldcrest subspecies Regulus regulus teneriffae Seebohm 1883 and R. r. ellenthalerae Päckert et al. 2006 (Aves: Passeriformes: Regulidae)
FIGURE 3. Scatterplot of discriminant function 1 vs. function 2 for subunits of main song part of Canarian Goldcrest dialects and for subsong trills.
FIGURES 5a–o in Song dialects as diagnostic characters - acoustic differentiation of the Canary Island Goldcrest subspecies Regulus regulus teneriffae Seebohm 1883 and R. r. ellenthalerae Päckert et al. 2006 (Aves: Passeriformes: Regulidae)
FIGURES 5a–o. Territorial song of Regulus regulus ellenthalerae, song types indicated on the sonagrams, lower left. El Hierro: a–b, song type A2 with interposed element (arrows) between units 1 and 2, two different males; c–g, song type E with two local rhythmic motifs of unit 2, three different males; h) variation of type A with calllike elements; La Palma: i–o, song type F with more or less extended ascending unit 2 consisting of diverse modulated element types, five different males (i, k: two strophes of one male).
Data from: Female, but not male, tropical sparrows respond more strongly to the local song dialect: implications for population divergence.
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Extraordinary variation in a simple song: No geographical patterns in initial phrase variation of the Yellowhammer, a passerine with pronounced dialects
<p>Geographical variation of birdsong is used to study various topics from cultural evolution to mechanisms responsible for reproductive barriers or song acquisition. In species with pronounced dialects, however, patterns of variation in nondialect parts of the song are usually overlooked. We focused on the individually variable initial phrase of the song of the Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella), a common Palearctic passerine which became a model species for dialect research. We used a quantitative method to compare the similarity of initial phrases from the repertoires of 237 males recorded at different spatial scales in a central European country covering all main dialect types. We hypothesized that patterns of initial phrase sharing and/or phrase similarity are affected by dialect boundaries and geographical proximity (i.e. that birds from the same dialect regions use more similar phrases or share them more often). Contrary to our expectations, initial phrase variation seems unrelated to dialects, as we did not find higher similarity either among recordings from the same dialect areas or among those from the same locality. Interestingly, despite the immense variability of phrase types detected (only 16% of 368 detected initial phrase types were shared between at least 2 males), a relatively high proportion of males (45%) was involved in sharing, and males using the same initial phrase were located anywhere from tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers apart. The patterns of variation suggest that precise copying during song learning as well as improvisation play important roles in forming individual repertoires in the Yellowhammer. Our data also confirm previous indications that the repertoires of Yellowhammer males (i.e. the composition of initial phrases) are individually unique and temporally stable. This makes the species a good candidate for individual acoustic monitoring, useful for detailed population or behavioral studies without the need for physical capture and marking of males.</p>
Extraordinary variation in a simple song: No geographical patterns in initial phrase variation of the Yellowhammer, a passerine with pronounced dialects
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