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105 results for “southern Appalachians”
Soil microbial and physicochemical data from watersheds impacted by different management practices or wildfire in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, 2023
Four forested watersheds in Western North Carolina with different management practices or disturbance were sampled in the summer of 2023 to compare soil physicochemical, microbial, and functional differences. These data include mineral soil physicochemical properties (location, elevation, aspect, gravimetric moisture content, pH, total carbon and nitrogen, total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, total dissolved nitrogen, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NO3 and NH4), and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen), soil microbial properties (16S ASV community sequences, ITS ASV community sequences, extracellular enzyme activity, carbon mineralization rates, and ammonium mineralization rates), and organic soil properties (total organic carbon, total carbon and nitrogen, 16S ASV sequences, pH, and moisture). Together, this dataset provides context to understanding the impacts of different management practices and relevant disturbances, such as severe wildfire, on soil in the Southern Appalachian region.
Effects of climate and exurban development on bird species in the Southern Appalachians
Climate variability and land-use dynamics have important effects on many terrestrial systems, yet very few empirical studies examine both of these. We studied the impacts of building density, forest canopy cover, and mean temperature on bird species occurrence at 140 study sites in the Southern Appalachian Mountains (North Carolina, USA). Point counts conducted during both 2009 and 2011 were used to document the presence of bird species. Building density and forest canopy cover were quantified with remote sensing techniques, and mean temperature was measured with iButtons in the field.
Fine root dynamics along an elevational gradient in the southern Appalachian mountains in the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1993 to 1994
Annual rates of fine root mass appearance and disappearance were calculated from samples of fine roots taken in soil cores over time on the five gradient plots.
Fine root dynamics along an elevational gradient in the southern Appalachian mountains in the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1994 to 1995 (lengths of fine root segments)
The lengths of fine root segments visible in photographs of roots growing against the windows of minirhizotron boxes were measured.
A multi-scaled approach to evaluating the fish community structure within southern Appalachian streams, 2011
There is considerable uncertainty regarding the relative roles of stream habitat, landscape characteristics, and interspecific interactions in structuring stream fish assemblages. Thus, I evaluated the relative importance of environmental characteristics and species interactions, at local and landscape scales, on fish occupancy within the upper Little Tennessee River basin, Georgia, and North Carolina. Using a quadrat sample design, fishes were collected at 525 channel units among 48 study reaches during two consecutive years. I evaluated the relative support for the influence of local- and landscape-scale factors on fish occupancy using multi-scaled,hierarchical, multi-species occupancy models.
Aboveground biomass and nitrogen allocation of ten deciduous southern Appalachian tree species at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1997
Allometric equations were developed for mature trees of 10 deciduous species at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina, U.S.A. These equations included the following dependent variables: stem wood mass, stem bark mass, branch mass, total wood mass, foliage mass, total biomass, foliage area, stem surface area, sapwood volume, and total tree volume. High correlation coefficients (R2) were observed for all variables versus stem diameter, with the highest being for total tree biomass, which ranged from 0.981 for Oxdendrum arboreum to 0.999 for Quercus coccinea. Foliage area had the lowest R2 values, ranging from 0.555 for Quercus alba to 0.962 for Betula lenta. When all species were combined, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.822 for foliage area to 0.986 for total wood mass, total tree biomass, and total tree volume. Species with ring versus diffuse/semiring porous wood anatomy exhibited higher leaf area with a given cross-sectional sapwood area as well as lower total sapwood volume. Liriodendron tulipifera contained one of the highest foliar nitrogen concentrations and had consistently low branch, bark, sapwood, and heartwood nitrogen contents. For a tree diameter of 50 cm, Carya spp. exhibited the highest total nitrogen content whereas Liriodendron tulipifera exhibited the lowest.
Does land-use history facilitate non-native plant invasion? A field experiment with Celastrus orbiculatus in the Bent Creek Experimental Forest in the southern Appalachians from 2008 to 2009
Although historic land use is often implicated in non-native plant invasion of forests, little is known about how land-use legacies might actually facilitate invasion. The researchers conducted a 2-year field seeding experiment in western North Carolina, USA, to compare germination and first-year seedling survival of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. in stands that had been cultivated and abandoned a century earlier and were dominated by tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), and in paired stands that had never been cultivated and were dominated by oaks (Quercus spp.). Experiments were conducted at five sites with paired tulip poplar and oak stands by varying litter mass (none, low, or high) and litter type (tulip poplar or oak).
Patch occupancy of stream fauna across a land cover gradient in the southern Appalachians, USA
Field sampling of four functionally important focal stream consumers within the Little Tennessee River Basin took place in thirty-seven stream reaches between May - July 2009. Sampled reaches all drained an area less than 17 km2, and land cover varied among these reaches. This data was used to model patch occupancy to examine factors that best predicted the prevalence of the four groups.
Linked collectors and determiners for: A New Species Of Isoperla Banks (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) From The Southern Appalachians, With Notes On The I. Montana Group.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A New Species Of Isoperla Banks (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) From The Southern Appalachians, With Notes On The I. Montana Group". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/caa4f976-7615-4a54-af81-8f40e8e5bcdb">https://bionomia.net/dataset/caa4f976-7615-4a54-af81-8f40e8e5bcdb</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/caa4f976-7615-4a54-af81-8f40e8e5bcdb">https://gbif.org/dataset/caa4f976-7615-4a54-af81-8f40e8e5bcdb</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Figure 17 in Five new species of Anillinus Casey from the Southern Appalachian Mountains and the Piedmont Plateau of eastern U.S.A. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini)
Figure 17. Locality records for the valentinei-group and cornelli-group species. Anillinus valentinei – red triangle; A. smokiensis – red quadrangle; A. chandleri – red star; A. cornelli – red circles.
Figure 16 in Five new species of Anillinus Casey from the Southern Appalachian Mountains and the Piedmont Plateau of eastern U.S.A. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini)
Figure 16. Locality records for the moseleyae-group (red color) and loweae-group species from Chilhowee and Starr Mountains (yellow color). Anillinus moseleyae – red quadrangles; A. carltoni, new species – red circle; A. unicoi – red star; A. juliae – yellow circle; A. chilhowee – yellow star.
Figure 11-15 in Five new species of Anillinus Casey from the Southern Appalachian Mountains and the Piedmont Plateau of eastern U.S.A. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini)
Figure 11-15. Illustrations of male aedeagus. 11) Anillinus unicoi (NC, Graham Co., Unicoi Mtns.). 12) A. carltoni (TN, Blount Co., GSMNP, Thunderhead Mtn.). 13) A. chilhowee (TN, Polk Co., Chilhowee Mtn.). 14) A. smokiensis (TN, Blount Co., GSMNP). 15) A. chandleri (SC, Edgefield Co., Sumter National Forest). a-Median lobe, right lateral aspect; b-Left paramere, left lateral aspect; c-Right paramere, right lateral aspect. Scale = 100 µm.
Figure 1-5. Habitus images. 1 in Five new species of Anillinus Casey from the Southern Appalachian Mountains and the Piedmont Plateau of eastern U.S.A. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini)
Figure 1-5. Habitus images. 1) Anillinus unicoi (NC, Graham Co., Unicoi Mtns.), holotype. 2) A. carltoni (TN, Blount Co., GSMNP, Thunderhead Mtn.), paratype. 3) A. chilhowee (TN, Polk Co., Chilhowee Mtn.), holotype. 4) A. smokiensis (TN, Blount Co., GSMNP), paratype. 5) A. chandleri (SC, Edgefield Co., Sumter National Forest), holotype.
Figure 6-10. Pronotum images. 6 in Five new species of Anillinus Casey from the Southern Appalachian Mountains and the Piedmont Plateau of eastern U.S.A. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini)
Figure 6-10. Pronotum images. 6) Anillinus unicoi (NC, Graham Co., Unicoi Mtns.). 7) A. carltoni (TN, Blount Co., GSMNP, Thunderhead Mtn.). 8) A. chilhowee (TN, Polk Co., Chilhowee Mtn.). 9) A. smokiensis (TN, Blount Co., GSMNP). 10) A. chandleri (SC, Edgefield Co., Sumter National Forest).
Growth-mortality relationships for southern Appalachian trees from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1995
Ecologists and foresters have long noted a link between tree growth rate and mortality, and recent work suggests that interspecific differences in low growth tolerance is a key force shaping forest structure. Little information is available, however, on the growth-mortality relationship for most species. We present three methods for estimating growth-mortality functions from readily obtainable field data. All use annual mortality rates and the recent growth rates of living and dead individuals. Annual mortality rates are estimated using both survival analysis and a Bayesian approach. Growth rates are obtained from increment cores. Growth-mortality functions are fitted using two parametric approaches and a non-parametric approach. The three methods are compared using bootstrapped confidence intervals and likelihood ratio tests. For two example species, Acer rubrum and Cornus florida, growth-mortality functions indicate a substantial difference in the two species abilities to withstand slow growth. Both survival analysis and Bayesian estimates of mortality rates lead to similar growth-mortality functions, with the Bayesian approach providing a means to overcome the absence of long-term census data. In fitting growth-mortality functions, the non-parametric approach reveals that inflexibility in parametric methods can lead to errors in estimating mortality risk at low growth. We thus suggest that non-parametric fits be used as a tool for assessing parametric models.
Climate Vulnerability of Southern Appalachian Forests
The loss of species due to climate change and their replacement by expansion and immigration of others will depend on individual responses in terms of fecundity, growth, and survival. The approach involves longitudinal analysis of individuals subjected to variation in risk factors over time. Individual trees differ in how they respond to temperature and moisture, depending on their local competitive environment. For example, individuals with access to high light levels can often better exploit available moisture, an example of a positive interaction. By documenting changes in growth, fecundity, and survival between individuals subject to different conditions and within individuals, as their environments change through time we can develop a detailed understanding of how vulnerability differs among individuals and why.
Variation in the relative effects of top-down and bottom-up forces on herbivores and herbivory along an elevational gradient in the southern Appalachian mountains in 2001
It is a well established fact that top-down (predation), bottom-up (resource availability) and lateral (interference) interactions are the dominant biotic forces in terrestrial ecosystems in addition to a host of other interactions like mutualism and symbiosis. The primary emphasis has always been to look for a singular mechanistic explanation in determining community dynamics. The ecological literature is replete with controversy on the subject of whether top-down or bottom-up forces predominate in ecosystems and their role in dynamics of ecological communities. The emerging consensus is that both top-down and bottom-up forces act in concert and the impetus is shifting towards the elucidation of the context, biotic and abiotic, under which these forces come into play. There are very few studies that have addressed this question and looked at the simultaneous interaction of these forces. I propose to study the effects of spatial heterogeneity in biotic and abiotic factors along an elevation gradient on the relative impacts of top-down and bottom-up forces and the result of their interactive effects on folivory. Specifically, I shall address the effects of spatial variation in plant quality and predation pressure and their interactive impacts on insect herbivore biomass and consumption. I shall also address the effects of complexity within/among trophic levels on the impact of these forces. The study aims to bring about a greater understanding of the role played by abiotic factors and complexity in community dynamics.
Modeling Viability of Avian Populations in the Southern Appalachians: Potential impacts of Climate Change from 2002 to 2004
There is a general consensus that the global climate has slowly warmed (0.6 degrees C) over the past 100 years and that this trend will continue at an accelerated rate over the next 100 years (1 degree to 6 degrees C) (Kattenburg et al. 1996). Aside from the mean annual increase in temperature, the frequency of weather extremes, such as heat waves, drought, and tropical storms are projected to increase across North America over the next century (Easterling et al. 2000). Past changes in temperature and precipitation have been accompanied by changes in insect and vertebrate distributions from both tropical and temperate environments (Parmesan 1996, Pounds et. Al 1999). We have developed bird-habitat models that allow us to predict the occurrences of species in specific forest types within and across national forests within the Blue Ridge physiographic province with a high degree of accuracy (Linder et al. submitted). These models categorize habitat as unsuitable, marginal or high quality as determined by the rate of occupancy over five years of point count data. We will validate our occurrence models with reproductive data. We hypothesize that reproductive success will correspond to predicted habitat quality. While stochastic events may obscure patterns in the short-term, long-term reproductive trends should reflect site quality.
Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust) field experiments in Southern Appalachian Mountains region
Gleditsia triacanthos seeds were planted at field sites in the Southern Appalachian Mountains region to examine whether recruitment was habitat limited. Sites contain mixed open (fields) and closed (early to mid-successional forest) habitats, and the riverine geomorphology includes riparian terraces and wet floodplain depressions. Three habitat types - forest edge, floodplain and riparian; were chosen to expose seeds to soil moisture, temperature and light gradients. Measurements of germination success, seedling height, soil moisture, soil temperature, diffuse light, and vegetation cover were taken.
Presence, abundance, and environmental data from 1996 on Celastrus orbiculatus and other exotic plant species in the southern Appalachians, USA
A variety of abiotic, biotic, human and historic variables related to environmental suitability and propagule pressure determine the distribution of invasive plants in a landscape. Understanding the role of these variables for invasive species is challenging because environmental variables are often correlated, many invaders have broad ecological niches, and invasive distributions are often highly dynamic. The researchers examined the role of environmental variables at multiple spatial scales on the distribution of an invasive vine Celastrus orbiculatus (Celastraceae) and other exotic plant species in the southern Appalachians, USA. Data were collected in the Southern Blue Ridge Province of the southern Appalachian Mountains in western North Carolina, USA. This data set includes data on elevation, environmental disturbance, and the presence and abundance of various plant species. The researchers extracted presence and absence data from various sources, including the National Park Service and U.S. Forest Service survey data (NPS/USFS) and Southern Appalachian Volunteer Environmental Monitoring data (SAVEM) (Albright et al. 2009).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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