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25 results for “spatial attention”
Lying in a 3T MRI scanner induces neglect-like spatial attention bias
<p>Exposing subjects to the magnetic field of a 3T MRI scanner stimulates the vestibular organ and thereby induces - besides a VOR - horizontal biases in visual search and in subjective straight ahead, which are similar to those seen in stroke patients with spatial neglect.</p>
Lying in a 3T MRI scanner induces neglect-like spatial attention bias
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The role of temporal and spatial attention in size adaptation
<p>One of the most important tasks for the visual system is to construct an internal representation of the spatial properties of objects, including their size. Size perception includes a combination of bottom-up (retinal inputs) and top-down (e.g. expectations) information, which makes the estimates of object size malleable and susceptible to numerous contextual cues. For example, it has been shown that size perception is prone to adaptation: brief previous presentations of larger or smaller adapting stimuli at the same region of space changes the perceived size of a subsequent test stimulus. Large adapting stimuli cause the test to appear smaller than its veridical size and vice versa. Here, we investigated whether size adaptation is susceptible to attentional modulation. First, we measured the magnitude of adaptation aftereffects for a size discrimination task. Then, we compared these aftereffects (on average 15-20%) with those measured while participants were engaged, during the adaptation phase, in one of the two highly demanding central visual tasks: Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) or Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP). Our results indicate that deploying visual attention away from the adapters did not significantly affect the distortions of perceived size induced by adaptation, with accuracy and precision in the discrimination task being almost identical in all experimental conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that visual attention does not play a key role in size adaptation, in line with the idea that this phenomenon can be accounted for by local gain control mechanisms within area V1.</p>
Numerosity adaptation partly depends on the allocation of implicit numerosity-contingent visuo-spatial attention
<p>The folder Dataset contains five subfolders. Each subfolder contains the single subjects’ data for each experiment (three experiments) and each control experiment (two control experiments).</p> <p>Each file contains two Matlab tables called “TBase” and “TAdapt”. Each row of the table is a trial. </p> <p> </p> <p>In Experiment 1 and 2 the columns contain the following information:</p> <p>1<sup>st</sup>: Numerosity of the test stimulus</p> <p>2<sup>nd: </sup>Response</p> <p>3<sup>rd</sup>: Reaction Times</p> <p>4<sup>th</sup>: Accuracy </p> <p>5<sup>th</sup>: Test/Adapt side</p> <p>6<sup>th</sup>: N° of presented Adaptors</p> <p> </p> <p>In Experiment 3 the columns contain the following information:</p> <p>1<sup>st</sup>: Numerosity of the test stimulus</p> <p>2<sup>nd</sup>: Cue position</p> <p>3<sup>rd</sup>: Response</p> <p>4<sup>th</sup>: Reaction Times</p> <p>5<sup>th</sup>: Accuracy </p> <p>6<sup>th</sup>: Test/Adapt side</p>
Spatial attention during saccade decisions
<p>Dataset, analysis files and all figures related to the manuscript. File called "info" explains how to work with code, how to view already prepared figures, how to run experiment etc.</p>
Preprocessed behavioral data from: Volitional spatial attention is lateralized in crows
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Perceiving numerosity does not cause automatic shifts of spatial attention
<p>It is debated whether the representation of numbers is endowed with a directional-spatial component so that perceiving small-magnitude numbers triggers leftward shifts of attention and perceiving large-magnitude numbers rightward shifts. Contrary to initial findings, recent investigations have demonstrated that centrally presented small-magnitude and large-magnitude Arabic numbers do not cause leftward and rightward shifts of attention, respectively. Here we verified whether perceiving small or large non-symbolic numerosities (i.e., clouds of dots) drives attention to the left or the right side of space, respectively. In experiment 1, participants were presented with central small (1, 2) vs large-numerosity (8, 9) clouds of dots followed by an imperative target in the left or right side of space. In experiment 2, a central cloud of dots (i.e., five dots) was followed by the simultaneous presentation of two identical dot-clouds, one on the left and one on the right side of space. Lateral clouds were both lower (1, 2) or higher in numerosity (8, 9) than the central cloud. After a variable delay, one of the two lateral clouds turned red and participants had to signal the colour change through a unimanual response. We found that (a) in Experiment 1, the small vs large numerosity of the central cloud of dots did not speed up the detection of left vs right targets, respectively, (b) in Experiment 2, the detection of colour change was not faster in the left side of space when lateral clouds were smaller in numerosity than the central reference and in the right side when clouds were larger in numerosity. These findings show that perceiving non-symbolic numerosity does not cause automatic shifts of spatial attention and suggests no inherent association between the representation of numerosity and that of directional space. </p>
Pupil dilation during orienting of attention and conscious detection of visual targets in patients with left spatial neglect
<p>Right Brain-Damaged patients (RBD) with left spatial neglect (N+), are characterised by deficits in orienting and re-orienting attention to stimuli in the contralesional left side of space. In a recent ERPs study with visual stimuli (Lasaponara et al., 2018) we have pointed out that the pathological attentional bias of N+ is matched with exaggerated novelty reaction and contextual updating of targets in the right ipsilesional space and reduced novelty reaction and contextual updating of targets in the left contralesional space. To characterise further the attentional performance of N+, here we measured Pupil Dilation (PDil), which is a reliable marker of noradrenergic-locus coeruleus activity and response to unexpected events/rewards. Compared to Neutral and Valid targets, N+ patients displayed a pathological reduction of PDil in response to infrequent Invalid targets in the left side of space, while in Healthy Controls (HC) and RBD without neglect (N-) the same targets enhanced PDil with respect to Neutral and frequent Valid targets. Invalid targets in the right side of space enhanced PDil in all experimental groups. Interestingly, both N- and N+ showed a consistent number of target omissions both in the left and right side of space. With respect to seen targets, N- showed reduced PDil in response to unseen targets both in the left and right side of space. In contrast, N+ had reduced PDil in response to unseen targets in the left side of space though not in the right side, where seen and unseen targets evoked comparable levels of PDil. These results disclose, for the first time, the PDil correlates of spatial attention in left spatial neglect and suggest that the pathological attentional bias suffered by N+ might enhance the autonomic responses reflected in PDil to unseen ipsilesional stimuli. This enhancement can contribute to biasing contextual updating and predictive coding of stimuli in the ipsilesional space, thus worsening the pathological attentional bias of N+.</p>
Individual EEG profiling of attention deficits in left spatial neglect: A pilot study
<p>Electrophysiological group studies in brain-damaged patients can be run to capture the EEG correlates of specific cognitive impairments. Nonetheless, this procedure is not adequate to characterize the inter-individual variability present in major neuropsychological syndromes. We tested the possibility of getting a reliable individual EEG characterization of deficits of endogenous orienting of spatial attention in right-brain damaged (RBD) patients with left spatial neglect (N+). We used a single-trial topographical analysis (STTA; [39] of individual scalp EEG topographies recorded during leftward and rightward orienting of attention with central cues in RBD patients with and without (N−) neglect and in healthy controls (HC). We found that the STTA successfully decoded EEG signals related to leftward and rightward orienting in five out of the six N+, five out of the six N− patients and in all the six HC. In agreement with findings from conventional average-group studies, successful classifications of EEG signals in N+ were observed during the 400–800 ms period post-cue-onset, which reflects preserved voluntary engagement of attention resources (ADAN component). </p>
Reward salience but not spatial attention dominates the value representation in the orbitofrontal cortex
<p>We have uploaded the behavioral and electrophysiological data collected in the study of 'Reward salience but not spatial attention dominates the value representation in the orbitofrontal cortex'. The description of the data the code used to analyze it could be found at https://github.com/tmyang-lab/reward_salience_in_OFC.</p>
Causal links between parietal alpha activity and spatial auditory attention
Both visual and auditory spatial selective attention result in lateralized alpha (8-14 Hz) oscillatory power in parietal cortex: alpha increases in the hemisphere ipsilateral to attentional focus. Brain stimulation studies suggest a causal relationship between parietal alpha and suppression of the representation of contralateral visual space. However, there is no evidence that parietal alpha controls auditory spatial attention. Here, we performed high definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD-tACS) on human subjects performing an auditory task in which they directed attention based on either spatial or nonspatial features. Alpha (10 Hz) but not theta (6 Hz) HD-tACS of right parietal cortex interfered with attending left but not right auditory space. Parietal stimulation had no effect for nonspatial auditory attention. Moreover, performance in post-stimulation trials returned rapidly to baseline. These results demonstrate a causal, frequency-, hemispheric-, and task-specific effect of parietal alpha brain stimulation on top-down control of auditory spatial attention.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Spatial Attention After Stroke
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04080999. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Causal links between parietal alpha activity and spatial auditory attention
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Data from: Are categorical spatial relations encoded by shifting visual attention between objects?
Perceiving not just values, but relations between values, is critical to human cognition. We tested the predictions of a proposed mechanism for processing categorical spatial relations between two objects—the shift account of relation processing—which states that relations such as 'above' or 'below' are extracted by shifting visual attention upward or downward in space. If so, then shifts of attention should improve the representation of spatial relations, compared to a control condition of identity memory. Participants viewed a pair of briefly flashed objects and were then tested on either the relative spatial relation or identity of one of those objects. Using eye tracking to reveal participants' voluntary shifts of attention over time, we found that when initial fixation was on neither object, relational memory showed an absolute advantage for the object following an attention shift, while identity memory showed no advantage for either object. This result is consistent with the shift account of relation processing. When initial fixation began on one of the objects, identity memory strongly benefited this fixated object, while relational memory only showed a relative benefit for objects following an attention shift. This result is also consistent, although not as uniquely, with the shift account of relation processing. Taken together, we suggest that the attention shift account provides a mechanistic explanation for the overall results. This account can potentially serve as the common mechanism underlying both linguistic and perceptual representations of spatial relations.
Spatial-MGCN: a novel multi-view graph convolutional network for identifying spatial domains with attention mechanism
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Data from: Lateralization in alpha-band oscillations predicts the locus and spatial distribution of attention
Attending to a task-relevant location changes how neural activity oscillates in the alpha band (8–13Hz) in posterior visual cortical areas. However, a clear understanding of the relationships between top-down attention, changes in alpha oscillations in visual cortex, and attention performance are still poorly understood. Here, we tested the degree to which the posterior alpha power tracked the locus of attention, the distribution of attention, and how well the topography of alpha could predict the locus of attention. We recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data while subjects performed an attention demanding visual discrimination task that dissociated the direction of attention from the direction of a saccade to indicate choice. On some trials, an endogenous cue predicted the target's location, while on others it contained no spatial information. When the target's location was cued, alpha power decreased in sensors over occipital cortex contralateral to the attended visual field. When the cue did not predict the target's location, alpha power again decreased in sensors over occipital cortex, but bilaterally, and increased in sensors over frontal cortex. Thus, the distribution and the topography of alpha reliably indicated the locus of covert attention. Together, these results suggest that alpha synchronization reflects changes in the excitability of populations of neurons whose receptive fields match the locus of attention. This is consistent with the hypothesis that alpha oscillations reflect the neural mechanisms by which top-down control of attention biases information processing and modulate the activity of neurons in visual cortex.
Data from: Are categorical spatial relations encoded by shifting visual attention between objects?
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Data from: Lateralization in alpha-band oscillations predicts the locus and spatial distribution of attention
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Effects of Acetylcholine and Attention on Visual Spatial Representations in the Brain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05003063. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effect of HABIT-ILE on Visuo-spatial Attention of Children With Unilateral CP
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02946086. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.