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FIGURE 3. Currently available descriptions across different families. The 5 in Towards digital descriptions of all extant reptile species
FIGURE 3. Currently available descriptions across different families. The 5 number columns show the number of species in each family (species), the number of species with descriptions or without (desc, no desc), the percentage of species with descriptions (percent), and the number of species without (left). The left bar chart shows the percentage of species with/out descriptions (blue/yellow). The right bar chart shows the absolute number of species with/out descriptions (blue/orange). Note that Iguanidae contains all 8 families now considered Iguanidae (s.l.), e.g. Opluridae etc. The Lamprophiidae (s.l.) also contain Atractaspididae, Psammophiidae, and Pseudoxyrhophiidae. Gymnophthalmidae (s.l.) contain Alopoglossidae and Anguidae (s.l.) contain Diploglossidae.
FIGURE 2 in Towards digital descriptions of all extant reptile species
FIGURE 2. Number of species with descriptions and images in the Reptile Database (A) 4,206 species descriptions contain information about other species, so even though the latter species do not have a description, information about them may be derived from those species that do. (B) Coverage of species by descriptions and/or photos.
FIGURE 1 in Towards digital descriptions of all extant reptile species
FIGURE 1 Species descriptions in the Reptile Database over time and ranked by information content. (A) Timeline over which descriptions have been added to the Reptile Database. (B) Descriptions ranked by "size". Each species with a description is shown as a vertical bar, with the hight indicating its size in characters (i.e., "bytes" or letters without spaces, Y axis). The X axis shows the ranked series of species. One example is shown in the insert, namely the description of Lampropeltis alterna. This description has 623 characters and is on the shorter end of the spectrum. The tail end of this graph shows ~700 species in which the description only consists of a reference, e.g., "Description: McDowell 1979: 51" (here: for Candoia aspera Ģnther 1877), hence they are very short.
Fig.ç4.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., paratype, female (ZIHU 3983), scanning electron micrographs. A, Mouth cone, lateral view; B, introvert, lateral view. Abbreviations: oo, outer oral styles; sc, scalids; sp, spinoscalids; tr, trichoscalids. Digits a er the labels refer to introvert ring numbers. in A New Brackish-water Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Fig.ç4.Ec hinoderes ohtsukai sp. nov., paratype, female (ZIHU 3983), scanning electron micrographs. A, Mouth cone, lateral view; B, introvert, lateral view. Abbreviations: oo, outer oral styles; sc, scalids; sp, spinoscalids; tr, trichoscalids. Digits a er the labels refer to introvert ring numbers.
Explanation of Plate I. Figure 1.—Left tibia of Ornithomimus velox, Marsh; A, front view; b, distal end; c, transverse section. Figure 2.—Left metatarsals of same specimen; A, front view; b, proximal ends; c, transverse section; d, distal ends. Figure 3.—Phalanges of second digit of same foot; front view, a, first phalange; b, second phalange; c, third, or terminal phalange. Figure 4.—Left metacarpals of same species, perhaps of smaller individual; front view. Figure 5.—Left tibia of young Ostrich (Struthio camelus, Linn.); a, front view; b, distal end. The separate calcaneum was first observed by the writer's assistant, Dr. G-. Baur, who prepared the specimen. Figure 6.—Left metatarsals of young turkey (Meleagris gallipavo, Linn.); a, front view; b, proximal ends. a, astragalus; as, ascending process of astragalus; c, calcaneum; f, fibula; f' face for fibula; II, second metatarsal; III, third metatarsal; iv, fourth metatarsal. Figures 1-4 are one-third natural size, and figures 5 and 6, one-half natural size. in Description of new dinosaurian reptiles
Explanation of Plate I. Figure 1.—Left tibia of Ornithomimus velox, Marsh; A, front view; b, distal end; c, transverse section. Figure 2.—Left metatarsals of same specimen; A, front view; b, proximal ends; c, transverse section; d, distal ends. Figure 3.—Phalanges of second digit of same foot; front view, a, first phalange; b, second phalange; c, third, or terminal phalange. Figure 4.—Left metacarpals of same species, perhaps of smaller individual; front view. Figure 5.—Left tibia of young Ostrich (Struthio camelus, Linn.); a, front view; b, distal end. The separate calcaneum was first observed by the writer's assistant, Dr. G-. Baur, who prepared the specimen. Figure 6.—Left metatarsals of young turkey (Meleagris gallipavo, Linn.); a, front view; b, proximal ends. a, astragalus; as, ascending process of astragalus; c, calcaneum; f, fibula; f' face for fibula; II, second metatarsal; III, third metatarsal; iv, fourth metatarsal. Figures 1-4 are one-third natural size, and figures 5 and 6, one-half natural size.
Fig. 2. Dorsal habitus digital photographs. Orthotylus chilensis, O. chullan, O. kikin, O. kakan, O in Description of One New Species of Chileria and Three New Species of Orthotylus, with Nomenclatural and Distributional Notes on Neotropical Orthotylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylini)
Fig. 2. Dorsal habitus digital photographs. Orthotylus chilensis, O. chullan, O. kikin, O. kakan, O. tafoensis, and Saileria bella. Specimens of O. kikin (A–C, arrows) show variation on embolium coloration from brown to white.
"The sound comes from a meadow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. The meadow is at an elevation of 2400 meters near a mountain named Olancha Peak, which is 3700 meters in altitude. Ihave a group of friends with which Ibackpack (trek) into the mountains. Our goal was to spend some time in the mountains and hike to the top of Olancha Peak (…) By the time we reached the meadow, we were in a forest and there was still snow on the ground in some places. We took the trip in June of 2006. The Sierra Nevada Mountains are a large mountain range. Much of the range is protected by national parks or preserved areas we call 'wilderness areas' (…) Ihave been backpacking for nearly 40 years and Iwill hopefully continue with this challenging activity for 40 years more! Many of my friends are much younger than Iam and it gives me much satisfaction to be able to have as much or more stamina for this activity than they have! When we are on these trips, we hike up peaks, catch fish, drink some whiskey around campfires and enjoy our time in the beautiful solitude. My memories of this trip were of the steep, hot hike from the desert to the cool meadow; the overall beauty of the nature, the absolute solitude of our campsite near the meadow; the strenuous hike to the top of Olancha Peak; the camaraderie of my friends; and, of course the sound of the frogs in the meadow. The frog sounds were astounding to me and Iwould listen in awe of the creature's instinctual desire to reproduce and continue the existence of their kind. Surely there were different species in the meadow for some of the frog sounds were different than others. The sounds only occurred after the Sun went down for the evening. Istood next to the creek in the meadow and recorded the sounds using my digital camera." [Peter/plentz1960]16 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice
"The sound comes from a meadow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. The meadow is at an elevation of 2400 meters near a mountain named Olancha Peak, which is 3700 meters in altitude. Ihave a group of friends with which Ibackpack (trek) into the mountains. Our goal was to spend some time in the mountains and hike to the top of Olancha Peak (…) By the time we reached the meadow, we were in a forest and there was still snow on the ground in some places. We took the trip in June of 2006. The Sierra Nevada Mountains are a large mountain range. Much of the range is protected by national parks or preserved areas we call 'wilderness areas' (…) Ihave been backpacking for nearly 40 years and Iwill hopefully continue with this challenging activity for 40 years more! Many of my friends are much younger than Iam and it gives me much satisfaction to be able to have as much or more stamina for this activity than they have! When we are on these trips, we hike up peaks, catch fish, drink some whiskey around campfires and enjoy our time in the beautiful solitude. My memories of this trip were of the steep, hot hike from the desert to the cool meadow; the overall beauty of the nature, the absolute solitude of our campsite near the meadow; the strenuous hike to the top of Olancha Peak; the camaraderie of my friends; and, of course the sound of the frogs in the meadow. The frog sounds were astounding to me and Iwould listen in awe of the creature's instinctual desire to reproduce and continue the existence of their kind. Surely there were different species in the meadow for some of the frog sounds were different than others. The sounds only occurred after the Sun went down for the evening. Istood next to the creek in the meadow and recorded the sounds using my digital camera." [Peter/plentz1960]16
FIGURE 1 in Does The Ability Of Blattisocius Species To Prey On Mites And Insects Vary According To The Relative Length Of The Cheliceral Digits?
FIGURE 1: Chelicerae of Blattisocius keegani A – photo; B – line drawing and Blattisocius everti C – photo; D – line drawing; a – fixed digit; b – movable digit; bar = 20 µm.
Data from: Drop it all: Extraction-free detection of non-indigenous marine species through optimized direct-droplet digital PCR
<p>Molecular biosecurity surveillance programs increasingly use environmental DNA (eDNA) for detecting marine non-indigenous species (NIS). However, the current molecular detection workflow is cumbersome, prone to errors and delays, and is limited in providing knowledge about eDNA beyond the spatial and temporal extent of the sampling. These limitations can hinder management efforts and restrict the "opportunity window" for a rapid response to new marine NIS incursions. Emerging innovative field-deployable digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) systems offer improved workflow efficiency by autonomously analyzing targeted free-floating extra-cellular eDNA (free-eDNA) signals. Despite their potential, these systems have not been tested in marine environments. Thus, an aquarium study was conducted with three distinct marine NIS: <span>the Mediterranean fanworm <em>Sabella spallanzanii</em>, the ascidian clubbed tunicate <em>Styela clava</em>, and the brown bryozoan <em>Bugula neritina</em></span> to evaluate the detectability of free-eDNA in seawater. The detectability of targeted free-eDNA was assessed by directly analyzing aquarium water samples using an optimized species-specific ddPCR assay, without filtration or DNA extraction, so-called, "direct-ddPCR". The results demonstrated the consistent detection of <em>Sabella spallanzanii</em> and <em>Bugula neritina</em> free-eDNA when these organisms were present in high abundance. Once organisms were removed, the free-eDNA signal exponentially declined, noting that free-eDNA persisted between 24-72 hours. Results indicate that organism biomass, specimen characteristics (e.g., stress and viability), and species-specific biological differences may influence free-eDNA detectability. These results are critical for implementing <em>in-situ</em> nucleic acid automated continuous sensing systems for marine biosurveillance, enabling point-of-need detection and <span>rapid management response to biosecurity threats. </span></p>
LeaData: a novel reference data of digital microscopic leather images for automatic species identification
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Drop it all: Extraction-free detection of non-indigenous marine species through optimized direct-droplet digital PCR
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Two new species of Limbodessus diving beetles from New Guinea - short verbal descriptions flanked by online content (digital photography, μCT scans, drawings and DNA sequence data)
Background: To date only one species of Limbodessus diving beetles has been reported from the Island of New Guinea, L. compactus (Clark, 1862), which is widerspread in the Australian region. New information: We describe two new species of microendemic New Guinea Limbodessus and use a compact descriptive format flanked by enriched online content in wiki powered species pages. Limbodessus baliem sp.n. is described from ca. 1,600 m altitude in the Baliem Valley of Papua and Limbodessus alexanderi sp.n. from >3,000 m altitude north of Sugapa, Papua. Based on our analysis, we also transfer three species from other genera to Limbodessus Guignot, 1939, with the following changes: Limbodessus deflectus (Ordish, 1966), new combination; Limbodessus leveri (J. Balfour-Browne, 1944), new combination; and Limbodessus plicatus (Sharp, 1882), new combination.
Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males). in Muridae
Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males).
Although previously treated as a subspecies of G. dolichurus, G.dryas was later recognized as a good species. Monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to elevations above 1000 m within the Albertine Rift Mts. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100-130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, car 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. Fur of the Albertine Rift Thicket Rat is tawny brown above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated pure white belly bordered by thin orange line. Tail is very long (160% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, tufted, and dark brown. Feet are pale buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Females have 0+2 = 2 pairs of nipples. in Muridae
Although previously treated as a subspecies of G. dolichurus, G.dryas was later recognized as a good species. Monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to elevations above 1000 m within the Albertine Rift Mts. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100-130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, car 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. Fur of the Albertine Rift Thicket Rat is tawny brown above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated pure white belly bordered by thin orange line. Tail is very long (160% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, tufted, and dark brown. Feet are pale buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Females have 0+2 = 2 pairs of nipples.
FIGURE 3 in The study of online digitized specimens revalidates Andersonglossum boreale as a species different from A. virginianum (Boraginaceae)
FIGURE 3. Density comparisons for two species for calyx length at anthesis (top-left), calyx length at fruiting (top-right), nutlet length (bottomleft), and corolla diameter (bottom right). Red is Andersonglossum boreale, and blue is Andersonglossum virginianum, x-axis is in mm.
FIGURE 2 in The study of online digitized specimens revalidates Andersonglossum boreale as a species different from A. virginianum (Boraginaceae)
FIGURE 2. Box plots for two species for calyx length at anthesis (top-left), calyx length during fruiting (top-right), nutlet length (bottomleft), and corolla diameter (bottom-right), y-axis is in mm.
FIGURE 1 in The study of online digitized specimens revalidates Andersonglossum boreale as a species different from A. virginianum (Boraginaceae)
FIGURE 1. Scatter plot of the measurements of calyx length at anthesis vs. corolla diameter (upper graph), and calyx length in fruit vs. nutlet length (lower graph). Red dots represent Andersonglossum boreale, blue dots represent Andersonglossum virginianum.
FIGURE 1. Aspidistra letreae. Digital epitype, 0268 in Aspidistra letreae (Asparagaceae), a new species from central Vietnam
FIGURE 1. Aspidistra letreae. Digital epitype, 0268/PVT 712. Photographs of Anh Le Tuan, correction and design by L. Averyanov.
Figure 13 in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 13. Rooted maximum likelihood tree of the Orchomene s.l. complex COI. Bootstrap support is shown for each branch. Hirondellea gigas was used as the outgroup. Ŋe position of Orchomenella rinamontiae is shown in yellow.
Figure 11 in A new Antarctic species of Orchomenella G.O. Sars, 1890 (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea: Tryphosidae): is phase-contrast micro-tomography a mature technique for digital holotypes?
Figure 11. Orchomenella rinamontiae. Holotype, ♀, 24.4 mm. Less uropods (U1, U2, and U3) and telson (T) in dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.