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469 results for “species radiation”
CFCs and Radiatively Important Trace Species at Harvard Forest EMS Tower 1996-2005
Measurements of 13 ozone-depleting and/or greenhouse gases are taken above the forest canopy at Harvard Forest, downwind of the New York City - Washington, D. C. corridor, every 25 minutes using a four-channel gas chromatographic system called FACTS (Forest and Atmosphere Chromatograph of Trace Species). The species measured are H2, CO, CH4, methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3), chloroform (CHCl3), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2), CFC-113 (C2Cl3F3), halon-1211 (CBrClF2), perchlorethylene (C2Cl4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Observations began in January 1996 and are continuing.
The genetic population structure of Lake Tanganyika's Lates species flock, an endemic radiation of pelagic top predators
<p>Data associated with the manuscript "The genetic population structure of Lake Tanganyika’s Lates species flock, an endemic radiation of pelagic top predators," where we investigate the genetic population structure of the four endemic <em>Lates </em>species in Lake Tanganyika.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Life history traits are important in shaping gene flow within species and can thus determine whether a species exhibits genetic homogeneity or population structure across its range. Understanding genetic connectivity plays a crucial role in species conservation decisions, and genetic connectivity is an important component of modern fisheries management in fishes exploited for human consumption. In this study, we investigated the population genetics of four endemic <em>Lates</em> species of Lake Tanganyika (<em>Lates stappersii</em>, <em>L. microlepis</em>, <em>L. mariae</em> and <em>L. angustifrons</em>), using reduced-representation genomic sequencing methods. We find the four species to be strongly differentiated from one another, with no evidence for contemporary admixture. We also find evidence for high levels of genetic structure within <em>L. mariae</em>, with the majority of individuals from the most southern sampling site forming a genetic group distinct from the individuals at other sampling sites<em>.</em> We find evidence for much weaker structure within the other three species, <em>L. stappersii,</em> <em>L. microlepis</em>, and <em>L. angustifrons</em>, although small and unbalanced sample sizes and imprecise geographic sampling locations may hinder our ability to detect weak population structure. We call for further research into the origins of the genetic differentiation that we observe in these four species, particularly that of <em>L. mariae</em>, which may be important for the conservation and management of this species.</p> <p>Code associated with the analysis of these data can be found on GitHub at <a href="https://github.com/jessicarick/lates-popgen">https://github.com/jessicarick/lates-popgen</a>.</p>
Explosive networking: the role of adaptive host radiations and ecological opportunity in a species-rich host-parasite assembly
<p>Dataset for Cruz-Laufer et al. (2021) Explosive networking: the role of adaptive host radiations and ecological opportunity in a species-rich host-parasite assembly.</p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Many species-rich ecological communities emerge from adaptive radiation events. The effects of this explosive speciation on community assembly remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the well-documented radiations of African cichlid fishes and their interactions with the flatworm gill parasites <em>Cichlidogyrus </em>spp., including 10529 reported infections and 477 different host-parasite combinations collected through a survey of peer-reviewed literature. We assess how evolutionary, ecological, and morphological parameters determine host-parasite meta-communities affected by adaptive radiation events through network metrics, host repertoire measures, and network link prediction. The hosts’ evolutionary history mostly determined host repertoires of the parasites. Ecological and evolutionary parameters determined host-parasite interactions. Generally, ecological opportunity and fitting have shaped cichlid-<em>Cichlidogyrus</em> meta-communities suggesting an invasive potential for hosts used in aquaculture. Meta-communities affected by adaptive radiations are increasingly specialised with higher environmental stability. These trends should be verified across other systems to infer generalities in the evolution of species-rich host-parasite networks.</p>
The Titan Seasonally Varying Radiative Species (SVRS) Dataset
<p><strong>Update 17 June 2023: The 'latitude' array is erroneously reversed relative to the 'abundance' array in svrs_molecule.nc. The user should reverse the order of 'latitude' upon reading it. Example: netCDF4.Dataset('svrs_molecule.nc)['latitude'][::-1]. This did not affect Lombardo & Lora (2023).</strong></p> <p>Here is archived the Titan <strong>S</strong>easonally <strong>V</strong>arying <strong>R</strong>adiative <strong>S</strong>pecies (SVRS) dataset, which consists of netCDF files containing trace gas abundances (svrs_molecule.nc) and the aerosol opacity (svrs_haze.nc). SVRS was developed with the intent of providing a single source of seasonal scale climatological information on Titan's radiatively active species from the troposphere through the stratopause. This was accomplished by interpolating between measurements from individual Cassini flybys of Titan where trace gas abundance and aerosol opacity were determined. The trace gases included are C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, p-C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, HCN, and HC<sub>3</sub>N. The trace gas abundances are on 2° latitude, 5° <em>L<sub>s</sub></em> grid, with 99 levels extending from just above the surface to 0.001 Pa. Haze opacity is included for the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectral windows, spanning 1 cm<sup>-1</sup> -- 40000 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The haze opacity is on a 2° latitude, 5° <em>L<sub>s</sub></em> grid with 900 levels extending from 10<sup>6</sup> Pa (extrapolated to pressures greater than Titan's surface pressure) to 10<sup>-3</sup> Pa. The methods used to produce SVRS are detailed in Lombardo & Lora (2023), <em>Icarus</em>, doi: j.icarus.2022.115291. </p> <p>This archive also includes simulation data from the Titan Atmospheric Model (TAM), discussed in the above reference. This simulation utilized molecular abundance and aerosol opacity profiles from SVRS to calculate seasonally accurate radiative heating rates. This archive contains zonal means of the simulated zonal and meridional winds, temperature, and the calculated meridional mass stream function. The data are averaged over 10° <em>L<sub>s</sub></em> windows, and sampled every 10° <em>L<sub>s</sub></em> (with 1° <em>L<sub>s</sub></em> corresponding to approximately 1 Earth month), and extends from the surface (1.465×10<sup>5 </sup>Pa) through the lower mesosphere (about 0.01 Pa). An animation of the data included in this netCDF file is included as Lombardo_TAM_2023_data.mp4.</p> <p><strong>We ask that you cite us in your use of the data: Lombardo & Lora (2023), <em>Icarus</em>, doi: j.icarus.2022.115291</strong></p>
Figs 92-93 in An ancient radiation: Ortholasmatine harvestmen in Asia - a new genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)
Figs 92-93. Asiolasma schwendingeri sp. nov., male holotype. (92) Entire body in lateral view. (93) Prosoma in dorsal view. Scale: 0.5 mm (92-93).
Figs 112-117 in An ancient radiation: Ortholasmatine harvestmen in Asia - a new genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)
Figs 112-117. Asiolasma billsheari sp. nov., male holotype. (112) Right chelicera in prolateral view. (113) Same in retrolateral view. (114) Apophysis of 2nd cheliceral article in prolateral view. (115) Pedipalp in prolateral view. (116) Distal part of pedipalpal femur, whole patella and proximal part of tibia in retrolateral view. (117) Apophysis on ventro-distal part of pedipalpal patella in prolateral view. Scales: 0.1 mm (114); 0.2 mm (112-113); 0.3 mm (115-116); no scale (117).
Figs 55-59 in An ancient radiation: Ortholasmatine harvestmen in Asia - a new genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)
Figs 55-59. Asiolasma ailaoshan, male (55-56, 58), female (57, 59). (55, 57) Right chelicera in prolateral view. (56) Same in retrolateral view. (58-59) Left pedipalp in prolateral view. Scale: 0.3 mm.
Figs 47-54 in An ancient radiation: Ortholasmatine harvestmen in Asia - a new genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)
Figs 47-54. Asiolasma ailaoshan, male holotype. (47) Glans penis in lateral view. (48) Same in dorsal view. (49) Same in ventral view. (50) Truncus penis in lateral view. (51) Same in ventral view. (52) Same in dorsal view. (53) Body in dorsal view. (54) Same in lateral view. Figs 47-48 reproduced from Zhang et al. (2018). Scales: 0.05 mm (47-49); 0.26 mm (50-52); 0.70 mm (53-54).
Figs 33-37 in An ancient radiation: Ortholasmatine harvestmen in Asia - a new genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)
Figs 33-37. Asiolasma damingshan, male holotype. (33) Body in dorsal view. (34) Same in lateral view. (35) Chelicera in prolateral view. (36) Apophsis of 2nd cheliceral article in prolateral view. (37) Left pedipalp in retrolateral view. Figs 33-34 reproduced from Zhang & Zhang (2013). Scales: 0.03 mm (36); 0.2 mm (35); 0.4 (37); 0.5 mm (33-34).
Figs 65-71 in An ancient radiation: Ortholasmatine harvestmen in Asia - a new genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)
Figs 65-71. Asiolasma juergengruberi sp. nov., male (65-70), female (71); specimens from Lugu Hu (65-67, 71), specimen from Lijiang area (68-70). (65) Body in lateral view. (66) Prosoma dorsal view. (67-68, 71) Right pedipalp in prolateral view. (69) Apophysis ventrodistally on patella. (70) Same dorsally. Scales: 0.03 mm (67-68, 71); 0.5 mm (65-66); no scale (69- 70).
Figs 20-26 in An ancient radiation: Ortholasmatine harvestmen in Asia - a new genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)
Figs 20-26. Asiolasma angka, male. (20) Glans penis in lateral view. (21) Same in ventral view. (22) Same in dorsal view. (23) Truncus penis in ventral view. (24) Same in lateral view. (25) Prosoma in dorsal view. (26) Body in lateral view. Scales: 0.2 mm (20-22); 0.3 mm (23-24); 0.8 mm (25-26).
Figs 27-30 in An ancient radiation: Ortholasmatine harvestmen in Asia - a new genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)
Figs 27-30. Asiolasma angka, male (27, 29), female (28, 30). (27-28) Right chelicera in prolateral view. (29-30) Right pedipalp in prolateral view. Scales: 1.2 mm (27-28); 0.3 mm (29-30).
Figs 94-103 in An ancient radiation: Ortholasmatine harvestmen in Asia - a new genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)
Figs 94-103. Asiolasma schwendingeri sp. nov., male holotype (94-100, 102), female paratype (101, 103). (94) Glans penis in lateral view. (95) Same in ventral view. (96) Same in dorsal view. (97) Whole penis in lateral view. (98) Same in ventral view. (99) Same in dorsal view. (100-101) Right chelicera in prolateral view. (102-103) Right pedipalp in prolateral view. Scales: 0.1 mm (94-96); 0.3 mm (100-101); 0.25 mm (97-99); 0.5 mm (102-103).
Figs 104-111 in An ancient radiation: Ortholasmatine harvestmen in Asia - a new genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)
Figs 104-111. Asiolasma billsheari sp. nov., male holotype (104, 106-111), male paratype (105). (104) Entire body dorsal view. (105) Same lateral view. (106) Glans penis in lateral view. (107) Same in ventral view. (108) Same in dorsal view. (109) Truncus penis in lateral view. (110) Same in dorsal view. (111) Same in ventral view. In Figs 106-108 subdistal opening of sperm duct is indicated, end of sperm duct is filled with sperm. In Fig. 105 armament with low tubercles on do and ve side of body not shown. Scales: 0.1 mm (106-108); 0.3 mm (104-105, 109-111).
Reconciling supertramps, great speciators and relict species with the taxon cycle stages of a large island radiation (Aves: Campephagidae)
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: The taxon cycle concept provides a geographically explicit and testable set of hypotheses for exploring the evolutionary processes underlying the distribution of species in space and time. Here, we test taxon cycle predictions within a large avian island radiation, the core Campephagidae and explicitly integrate the concepts of 'supertramps', 'great speciators' and relictualization.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: The Indo-Pacific, Australia, Asia and Africa.</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong>: Corvoid passerine birds.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We constructed a new time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of the core Campephagidae (cuckoo-shrikes, cicadabirds and trillers) using Bayesian phylogenetic methods. Ancestral range estimation methods and diversification rate analyses were used to explore the dispersal and diversification history of the group. We used an extensive dataset on wing morphology and range distributions to test for correlations between evolutionary age of species and dispersal capacity, diversification and distribution, while accounting for phylogenetic non-independence.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The core Campephagidae represents an ecologically homogeneous radiation distributed across the Indo-Pacific, Australia, South-East Asia and Africa. Its members represent a continuum of dispersal abilities; some species are widespread and undifferentiated ('supertramps') or show strong differentiation of local populations ('great speciators'), and a few are endemic to single islands (relicts). We show that older species relative to younger species inhabit fewer and larger islands at higher elevations. The level of intraspecific variation measured as the number of subspecies also decreases with species age, and is highest in 'great speciators' with intermediate levels of dispersal abilities (as per hand-wing index).</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Based on trait correlations with species age, we infer phases of range expansion and contraction over millions of years (taxon cycles), within a single monophyletic group of birds. These observations demonstrate reconciliation of the concepts of 'supertramps', 'great speciators' and relictual paleo-endemics within the temporal stages of the taxon cycle.</p>
F I G U R E 7 in Unravelling the taxonomy of an interstitial fish radiation: Three new species of Gouania (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and redescriptions of G. willdenowi and G. pigra
F I G U R E 7 Gouania hofrichteri sp. nov., PMR VP4595, holotype, male, 30.35+3.67 mm, Souda Beach, Plakias, Crete, Greece. Lateral view of specimen preserved in 4% formaldehyde (top). Lateral, dorsal and ventral view, alive (below). Photographs by M. Wagner and M. Kovacˇic
F I G U R E 9 in Unravelling the taxonomy of an interstitial fish radiation: Three new species of Gouania (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and redescriptions of G. willdenowi and G. pigra
F I G U R E 9 Gouania willdenowi (Risso 1810), PMR VP4574, neotype, male, 46.11+6.56 mm, Cagnes-sur-mer, Nice, France. Lateral view of specimen preserved in 4% formaldehyde (top). Lateral, dorsal and ventral view, alive (below). Photographs by M. Wagner and M. Kovacˇic
F I G U R E 1 0 in Unravelling the taxonomy of an interstitial fish radiation: Three new species of Gouania (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and redescriptions of G. willdenowi and G. pigra
F I G U R E 1 0 Results of DNA-barcoding analyses. (a) Net between-group mean distances (mean and S.E.). The phylogeny shown in this figure is based on Wagner et al. (2019). (b) DNA-barcoding gap represented by boxplots showing maximum intraspecific and minimum interspecific divergences in %
F I G U R E 6 in Unravelling the taxonomy of an interstitial fish radiation: Three new species of Gouania (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and redescriptions of G. willdenowi and G. pigra
F I G U R E 6 Gouania orientalis sp. nov., PMR VP4585, holotype, male, 32.8+4.93 mm, Plakias, Crete, Greece. Lateral view of specimen preserved in 4% formaldehyde (top). Lateral, dorsal and ventral view, alive (below). Photographs by M. Wagner and M. Kovacˇic
F I G U R E 8 in Unravelling the taxonomy of an interstitial fish radiation: Three new species of Gouania (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from the Mediterranean Sea and redescriptions of G. willdenowi and G. pigra
F I G U R E 8 Gouania pigra (Nardo, 1827), PMR VP3529, neotype, female, 43.12+5.03 mm, Glavotok, Krk, Croatia. Lateral view of specimen preserved in 4% formaldehyde (top). Lateral, dorsal and ventral view, alive (below). Photographs by M. Wagner and M. Kovacˇic
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.