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6 results for “sperm sex ratio”
Sperm limitation produces male biased family sex ratios
<p>Haplo-diploid sex determination in the parasitoid wasp, <em>Nasonia vitripennis</em> (Walker), allows females to adjust their brood sex ratios. Females influence whether ova are fertilized, producing diploid females, or remain unfertilized, producing haploid males. Females appear to adjust their brood sex ratios to minimize "local mate competition," <em>i.e.</em>, competition among sons for mates. Because mating occurs between siblings, females may optimize mating opportunities for their offspring by producing only enough sons to inseminate daughters when ovipositing alone and producing more sons when superparasitism is likely. Although widely accepted, this hypothesis makes no assumptions about gamete limitation in either sex. Because sperm is used to produce daughters, repeated oviposition could reduce sperm supplies, causing females to produce more sons. In contrast, if egg-limited females produce smaller broods, they might use fewer sperm, making sperm limitation less likely. To investigate whether repeated oviposition and female fertility influence gamete limitation within females, we created two treatments of six mated female wasps, which received a series of six hosts at intervals of 24 or 48 hrs. All females produced at least one mixed-sex brood (63 total broods; 3,696 offspring). As expected, if females became sperm limited, in both treatments, brood sex ratios became increasingly male-biased with increasing host number. The interhost interval did not affect brood size, total offspring number or sex ratio, indicating females did not become egg limited. Our results support earlier studies showing sperm depletion affects sex allocation in <em>N. vitripennis</em>¸ and could limit adaptive sex ratio manipulation in these parasitoid wasps.</p>
Sperm limitation produces male biased family sex ratios
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Data from: Haldane's rule is linked to extraordinary sex ratios and sperm length in stalk-eyed flies.
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Data from: Sperm competitive ability evolves in response to experimental alteration of operational sex ratio
In naturally polygamous organisms such as Drosophila, sperm competitive ability is one of the most important components of male fitness and is expected to evolve in response to varying degrees of male–male competition. Several studies have documented the existence of ample genetic variation in sperm competitive ability of males. However, many experimental evolution studies have found sperm competitive ability to be unresponsive to selection. Even direct selection for increased sperm competitive ability has failed to yield any measurable changes. Here we report the evolution of sperm competitive ability (sperm defense-P1, offense-P2) in a set of replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster subjected to altered levels of male–male competition (generated by varying the operational sex ratio) for 55–60 generations. Males from populations with female-biased operational sex ratio evolved reduced P1 and P2, without any measurable change in the male reproductive behavior. Males in the male-biased regime evolved increased P1, but there was no significant change in P2. Increase in P1 was associated with an increase in copulation duration, possibly indicating greater ejaculate investment by these males. This study is one of the few to provide empirical evidence for the evolution of sperm competitive ability of males under different levels of male–male competition.
Data from: Sperm competitive ability evolves in response to experimental alteration of operational sex ratio
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Data from: Male spiders control offspring sex ratio through greater production of female-determining sperm
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