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35 results for “sperm storage”
Fig. 1 in Osmolality and composition of the extender during the cold storage of Prochilodus lineatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) sperm
Fig. 1. Motility rate (a); curvilinear (VCL; b), straight-line (VSL; c) and average path (VAP; d) velocities of Prochilodus lineatus sperm diluted in two extender compositions (ACP = closed circles; BTS = open circles) and stored at 6-8°C for six days. Undiluted sperm served as control (closed triangle). Each dot and error bar represents mean ± SD; n=15 males. ACP: Powdered Coconut Water™; BTS: Beltsville Thawing Solution™. *Means followed by this symbol, within the same day of analysis, are significantly higher (P<0.05; Tukey).
No evidence for paternal age effects on sons or daughters, when accounting for paternal sperm storage
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Data from: Effects of condition and sperm competition risk on sperm allocation and storage in neriid flies
<p>Ejaculate traits can be sexually selected and often exhibit heightened condition-dependence. However, the influence of sperm competition risk in tandem with condition-dependent ejaculate allocation strategies is relatively unstudied. Because ejaculates are costly to produce, high-condition males may be expected to invest more in ejaculates when sperm competition risk is greater. We examined the condition-dependence of ejaculate size by manipulating nutrient concentration in the juvenile (larval) diet of the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. Using a fully factorial design we also examined the effects of perceived sperm competition risk (manipulated by allowing males to mate first or second) on the quantity of ejaculate transferred and stored in the three spermathecae of the female reproductive tract. To differentiate male ejaculates, we fed males non-toxic rhodamine fluorophores (which bind to proteins in the body) prior to mating, labelling their sperm red or green. We found that high-condition males initiated mating more quickly and, when mating second, transferred more ejaculate to both of the female's posterior spermathecae. This suggests that males allocate ejaculates strategically, with high-condition males elevating their ejaculate investment only when facing sperm competition. More broadly, our findings suggest that ejaculate allocation strategies can incorporate variation in both condition and perceived risk of sperm competition.</p>
Data from: Effects of fixatives and storage duration on avian sperm morphology
<p><span>Sperm cells are variable both within and among species. To be able to accurately measure sperm cells and understand their function, it is important that sperm cells are preserved in a manner that maintains their structural integrity. </span><span>Formalin is a widely used fixative and storage medium for sperm cells, but few studies have examined the effect of fixation and long-term storage on their morphological integrity. Ethanol is also a common fixation and storage agent for tissue samples, and here we examine if fixation and storage in formalin or ethanol alters sperm cell size and structural integrity. We found no significant effects of the fixation process on fresh sperm cells fixed in formalin or ethanol. Further, there were no </span><span>consistent length changes in sperm cells stored in formalin or ethanol over a period of 227 days, or in sperm cells stored in formalin for three years. A comparison across 13-14 years of storage time showed a small but significant reduction in sperm cell length of 0.93%. Furthermore, sperm cells initially fixed in formalin remained quite stable in dry storage on glass slides for a minimum of six months (we found a mean reduction in sperm cell length of 0.18% after six months). The proportion of sperm cells with head damage was, however, much higher for samples stored in ethanol than for those stored in formalin. Overall, 70% of sperm cells had acrosome damage in ethanol versus only 3% in formalin. Finding intact sperm cells for measuring length therefore required greater effort in ethanol samples than in formalin samples. Our findings indicate that use of sperm cells from long-term storage for the study of sperm morphometrics is justified for either fixative, although formalin clearly preserves the sperm cells better. </span></p>
Data, code and supplementary material - Gone but not forgotten: dynamics of sperm storage and potential ejaculate digestion in the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens
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Data set for sperm storage in female squid, Todarodes pacificus
<p><span>Female eumetazoans often develop sperm storage organs (SSOs). Although the processes of sperm storage may influence post-copulatory sexual selection in polyandrous species, the significance of multiple SSOs is not understood. In contrast to coastal squids (which develop no more than two SSOs), the female <em>Todarodes pacificus</em>, a more oceanic species, develops more than 20 SSOs, which take the form of specialized pockets, called seminal receptacles (SRs), near the mouth. We investigated the sperm storage pattern of SRs by paternity analysis of hatchlings obtained after artificial insemination using sperm retrieved from 6 arbitrarily selected SRs. The results showed that </span><span>females</span><span> were capable of storing sperm contributed by 9 to 23 males, indicating that females are broadly </span><span>promiscuous</span><span>. In the pattern of sperm storage, the number of males and proportion of their sperm present in the SRs varied among SRs, and sperm storage was biased towards particular males at the individual SR level. However, when calculated as a proportion of all the SRs within a female, the number of sires increased and the paternity bias towards any particular male weakened. These results suggest that one function of having multiple SRs in <em>T. pacificus</em> may be to ensure genetic diversity of the offspring.</span></p>
Data from: Effects of fixatives and storage duration on avian sperm morphology
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Data set for sperm storage in female squid, Todarodes pacificus
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Data from: Effects of condition and sperm competition risk on sperm allocation and storage in neriid flies
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How biases in sperm storage relate to sperm use during oviposition in female yellow dung flies
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Data and code for: Relative testis size is associated with vagina length but not sperm storage traits in Galliformes
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Data from: Female sperm storage mediates postcopulatory costs and benefits of ejaculate anticipatory plasticity in the guppy
<p>Males of many species evolved the capability of adjusting their ejaculate phenotype in response to social cues to match the expected mating conditions. When females store sperm for prolonged time, the expected fitness return of plastic adjustments of ejaculate phenotype may depend on the interval between mating and fertilization. While, prolonged female sperm storage (FSS) increases the opportunity for sperm competition, as a consequence of the longer temporal overlapping of ejaculates from several males, it may also create variable selective forces on ejaculate phenotype, for example by exposing trade-offs between sperm velocity and sperm survival. We evaluated the relationship between the plasticity of ejaculate quality and FSS in the guppy, <i>Poecilia reticulata</i>, a polyandrous livebearing fish in which females store sperm for several months and where stored sperm contribute significantly to a male's lifelong reproductive success. In this species, males respond to the perception of future mating opportunities by increasing the quantity (number) and quality (swimming velocity) of ready-to-use sperm (an anticipatory response called 'sperm priming'). Here we investigated 1) the effect of sperm priming on <i>in-vitro</i> sperm viability at stripping and its temporal decline (as estimate of sperm survival), and, 2) the <i>in-vitro</i> competitive fertilization success in relation to female sperm storage using artificial insemination. As expected, sperm-primed males produced more numerous and faster sperm, but with a reduced <i>in-vitro</i> sperm viability at stripping and after 4 hours, compared to their counterparts. Artificial insemination revealed that the small (non-significant) advantage of primed sperm when fertilization immediately follows insemination, is reversed when eggs are fertilized by female-stored sperm, weeks after insemination. By suggesting a plastic trade-off between sperm velocity and viability, these results demonstrate that prolonged female sperm storage generates divergent selection pressures on ejaculate phenotype.</p>
Data from: Costs and benefits of giant sperm and sperm storage organs in Drosophila melanogaster
In Drosophila, long sperm are favoured in sperm competition based on the length of the female's primary sperm storage organ, the seminal receptacle (SR). This sperm-SR interaction, together with a genetic correlation between the traits, suggests that the coevolution of exaggerated sperm and SR lengths may be driven by Fisherian runaway selection. Here, we explore the costs and benefits of long sperm and SR genotypes, both in the sex that carries them and in the sex that does not. We measured male and female fitness in inbred lines of D. melanogaster derived from four populations previously selected for long sperm, short sperm, long SRs, or short SRs. We specifically asked: what are the costs and benefits of long sperm in males and long SRs in females? Furthermore, do genotypes that generate long sperm in males or long SRs in females impose a fitness cost on the opposite sex? Answers to these questions will address whether long sperm are an honest indicator of male fitness, if male post-copulatory success is associated with male pre-copulatory success, if female choice benefits females or is costly, and whether intra-genomic conflict could influence evolution of these traits. We found that both sexes have increased longevity in long sperm and long SR genotypes. Males, but not females, from long SR lines had higher fecundity. Our results suggest that sperm-SR coevolution is facilitated by both increased viability and indirect benefits of long sperm and SRs in both sexes.
Data from: Reconstructing paternal genotypes to infer patterns of sperm storage and sexual selection in the hawksbill turtle
Postcopulatory sperm storage can serve a range of functions, including ensuring fertility, allowing delayed fertilization and facilitating sexual selection. Sperm storage is likely to be particularly important in wide-ranging animals with low population densities, but its prevalence and importance in such taxa, and its role in promoting sexual selection, are poorly known. Here, we use a powerful microsatellite array and paternal genotype reconstruction to assess the prevalence of sperm storage and test sexual selection hypotheses of genetic biases to paternity in one such species, the critically endangered hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata. In the majority of females (90.7%, N = 43), all offspring were sired by a single male. In the few cases of multiple paternity (9.3%), two males fertilized each female. Importantly, the identity and proportional fertilization success of males were consistent across all sequential nests laid by individual females over the breeding season (up to five nests over 75 days). No males were identified as having fertilized more than one female, suggesting that a large number of males are available to females. No evidence for biases to paternity based on heterozygosity or relatedness was found. These results indicate that female hawksbill turtles are predominantly monogamous within a season, store sperm for the duration of the nesting season and do not re-mate between nests. Furthermore, females do not appear to be using sperm storage to facilitate sexual selection. Consequently, the primary value of storing sperm in marine turtles may be to uncouple mating and fertilization in time and avoid costly re-mating.
Mating stimulates the immune response and sperm storage-related genes expression in spermathecae of bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) queen
<p>Data of the genes expression in spermathecae of mated bumblebee (<em>Bombus terrestris</em>) queen</p>
Data from: Costs and benefits of giant sperm and sperm storage organs in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: High temperatures reveal cryptic genetic variation in a polymorphic female sperm storage organ
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Expression of Mst89B and CG31287 is needed for effective sperm storage and egg fertilization in Drosophila
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Data from: Female sperm storage mediates postcopulatory costs and benefits of ejaculate anticipatory plasticity in the guppy
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Data from: Reconstructing paternal genotypes to infer patterns of sperm storage and sexual selection in the hawksbill turtle
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