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55 results for “spermatophore”
Fig. 2 in Dependence of spermatophore size and sperm number on body weight in various cricket species (Insecta, Orthoptera)
Fig. 2: Linear regression analyses elucidating possible relationships between ampulla diameter and body weight (a) as well as between number of sperm and ampulla diameter (b). Data obtained for all investigated cricket species have been plotted (N = 80).
Fig. 1 in Dependence of spermatophore size and sperm number on body weight in various cricket species (Insecta, Orthoptera)
Fig. 1: General appearance of the spermatophore produced by males of the four cricket species investigated for this study (STURM 2003): (a) overview of a spermatophore with its spermcontaining ampulla (amp) and attachment plate (ap); (b) main components of the ampulla: apical papilla (pap), outer membrane (om), inner membrane (im), sperm mass (spm), and spermatphore tube (spt); (c) electron micrograph exhibiting the internal structure of a spermatophore (il: inner layer); (d) detailed view on the sperm mass included into the ampulla (spf: sperm flagella).
Figure 2. Macrobrachium tenellum adult male who underwent a second spermatophore extraction using the electrostimulation technique. A in Sperm viability in wild-caught males of Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) fed with different diets
Figure 2. Macrobrachium tenellum adult male who underwent a second spermatophore extraction using the electrostimulation technique. A= The dark brown, melanized spermatophore is different from that observed in healthy males.
Figure 4 in Mating behavior and structural aspects of spermatophore of two Indian scorpion species of the genus Heterometrus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)
Figure 4. Labeled diagram of pre-and post-insemination spermatophore of H. bengalensis (Koch, 1841).
Figure 1 Spermatophores retrieved from S in Evaluation of water-soluble dyes to mark internal structures of Lepidoptera via larval feeding
Figure 1 Spermatophores retrieved from S. frugiperda mated adult females whose larvae were fed with water-soluble dyes. (A) control insect (without dye); (B) Methylene Blue; (C) Coomassie; (D) Ponceau; (E) Rhodamine B; (F) Eosin - Nigrosin.
Figure 3 in Mating behavior and structural aspects of spermatophore of two Indian scorpion species of the genus Heterometrus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)
Figure 3. Schematic representation and labeled diagram of pre and post-insemination
Figure 2 in Mating behavior and structural aspects of spermatophore of two Indian scorpion species of the genus Heterometrus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)
Figure 2. Image of pre and post-insemination spermatophore of Heterometrus swammerdami Simon, 1872.
FIGURE 3 in Fine Structure Of The Male Genital Systems, Spermatophores And Unusual Sperm Cells Of Saxidromidae (Acari, Actinotrichida)
FIGURE 3: TEM micrographs of vas deferens and ejaculatory duct of Bovidromus roussouwi. (a) – Composed figure showing complex structure of ejaculatory duct in cross section. Note large synspermium in dorsal chamber lined by peculiar cuticle. Arrow points to eugenital (primary) genital opening. Scale bar: 20 µm. (b) – Vas deferens. Note flat epithelium. Scale bar: 20 µm. (c) – Detail of epithelium of vas deferens with irregularly shaped microvilli. Cells contain many mitochondria and are underlain by a muscular layer. Scale bar: 2 µm. (d) – Dorsal chamber of ejaculatory duct with cuticular fringes and secretion. Scale bar: 10 µm. (e) – The ejaculatory duct is surrounded by a thick muscular layer. Scale bar: 10 µm. (f) – Eugenital opening (arrow) and accessory gland. Scale bar: 20 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Fine Structure Of The Male Genital Systems, Spermatophores And Unusual Sperm Cells Of Saxidromidae (Acari, Actinotrichida)
FIGURE 4:: TEM micrographs of transversely sectioned progenital chambers of Rhinodromus lootsi (a, d-f) and Bovidromus roussouwi (b, c). (a) – Posterior part of ejaculatory duct with eugenital opening (arrow) and secondary genital opening bordered by progenital lips. Note accessory gland and position of (retracted) genital papillae. Scale bar: 20 µm. (b) – Genital papilla. Note many mitochondria and peculiarly modified cuticle. Scale bar: 5 µm. (c) – Detail showing modified cuticle of genital papilla. Note the thick cuticle consisting mainly of many loosely arranged fibres and thus giving a cushion-like appearance. Scale bar: 1.2 µm. (d) – Progenital chamber and accessory glands. Scale bar: 20 µm. (e) – Accessory gland with branching ducts. The cells contain numerous lipid inclusions. Scale bar: 10 µm. (f) – Detail showing two sections through thin ducts, which are cuticle-lined. Scale bar: 2 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Fine Structure Of The Male Genital Systems, Spermatophores And Unusual Sperm Cells Of Saxidromidae (Acari, Actinotrichida)
FIGURE 2: TEM micrographs of details of testis of Rhinodromus lootsi (a-c, e) and Saxidromus delamarei (d). (a) – Overview of testis. Note thick epithelium comprising the glandular part and area with round spermatids composing the germinal part of testis. Scale bar: 20 µm. (b)– Detail of glandular part showing large nuclei, conspicuous nucleoli and Golgi bodies. Scale bar: 5 µm. (c) – Nuclear region of glandular epithelial cell with numerous rough ER cisternae and Golgi bodies. Scale bar: 2 µm. (d) – Detail of germinal part of testis of S. delamarei showing synspermatid containing four nuclei (N1-N4). White arrows indicate cell membrane bordering the synspermatid. Note tubular invaginations at the cell peripheriy. Three acrosomal vacuoles (black arrows) and parts of acrosomal filaments are also seen. The nuclei, at the beginning of chromatin condensation, still have a nuclear envelope (arrowheads). Scale bar: 1 µm. (e) – Distal part of testis with large synspermatid. Two much condensed chromatin bodies are seen. Scale bar: 5 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Fine Structure Of The Male Genital Systems, Spermatophores And Unusual Sperm Cells Of Saxidromidae (Acari, Actinotrichida)
FIGURE 1: Light micrographs of transverse sections through the posterior part of the idiosoma of Rhinodromus lootsi. (a) – Shortly in front of the genital opening. The two vasa deferentia located below the midgut are seen containing several synspermia. (b) – Slightly posterior, the genital opening is appearing. The vasa deferentia are connected by a transverse bridge (asterisk indicates a shrinkage artifact). (c) – More posteriorly, the ejaculatory duct with its dorsal chamber appears (asterisk indicates artifact). (d) – The paired testis are seen consisting of germinal and glandular parts. The dorsomedian excretory organ (i.e. the postcolon; e.g., Alberti and Coons 1999) is seen. Note that all parts of the genital system are located ventral of the digestive system. Scale bar: 50 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Fine Structure Of The Male Genital Systems, Spermatophores And Unusual Sperm Cells Of Saxidromidae (Acari, Actinotrichida)
FIGURE 6: Comparison of mating by Saxidromus delamarei and Rhinodromus lootsi and their corresponding spermatophores as seen in TEM (that of Rh. lootsi partially reconstructed; a, d from Coineau et al., 2006, b from Alberti et al., 2007). (a) – Some details of the mating sequence from above to below: S. delamarei male (black) has captured a female with its forelegs and deposits a rather large spermatophore (arrow). The male then turns round and impales the female onto the spermatophore. The spermatophore almost fills the "entire" female. The male has to separate the upper part of the spermatophore (which is more or less in the female) from the lower part which is attached to the ground. (b) – Longitudinal section of spermatophore of S. delamarei. Note the considerable amount of secretion forming the spermatophore and the rather small sperm chamber containing dense secretion and many synspermia. (c) – Spermatophore of Rh. lootsi drawn to same scale as that of S. delamarei. The head is (largely) represented by one synspermium. Stalk added schematically. Scale bar for b and c: 50 µm. (d) – Mating sequence seen in Rh. lootsi. Note that the spermatophore (arrow) produced by the male is considerably smaller bearing a very small head (i.e., mainly the synspermium). The male can use the same stalk several times depositing further synspermia on it. The male inserts its dorsoanteriad protruding processus into the female's genital opening prior to spermatophore deposition (not shown; see Coineau et al., 2006 for more details).
Macronutrient composition of spermatophores of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri varies depending on male feeding
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Spermatophore retention may accommodate sexual signal loss in pacific field crickets
<p>Sexual signals are gained and lost over evolutionary time. While signal gain has obvious fitness benefits, signal loss should present significant costs due to decreased mating opportunities. Because sexual signal loss has rarely been observed in real time, it is unclear how this process unfolds in nature. Just as female mating preferences can promote evolutionary gain and elaboration of sexual signals, they may also facilitate signal loss. We investigated how two components of female mate choice are involved in rapid sexual signal loss in the Pacific field cricket (<i>Teleogryllus oceanicus</i>), in which many males have lost the ability to sing. Males that can sing ("normal-wings") and obligately silent males ("flatwings") coexist in Hawaiian populations. While we know that females prefer not to mate with flatwings, we tested whether females discriminate against flatwing males before copulation due to the lack of song, or something inherent about their wing morphology. We combined this assessment with a test of post-copulatory preference by presenting females with either a normal-wing or flatwing male in the presence or absence of a courtship song stimulus. Females took significantly longer to mount males in the absence of courtship song regardless of male wing morph. This is the first evidence that females discriminate against the absence of song during mate choice, not male wing morph. However, females retained spermatophores for equally long regardless of male wing morph and whether they heard courtship song. Pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection do not operate synchronously in this system, which may help explain the success of the silent morph in wild populations.</p>
Data from: Impact of male condition on his spermatophore and consequences for female reproductive performance in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
In butterflies, male reproductive success is highly related to the quality and the size of the spermatophore transferred to the female. The spermatophore is a capsule produced by the male during copulation, which in many species contains sperm in addition to a nuptial gift, and which is digested by the female after copulation. The nuptial gift may contribute to egg production and offspring quality, and in some cases also to female body maintenance. The production of the spermatophore, however, represents a cost for the male and, in polyandrous species, ejaculates are sometimes allocated adaptively across matings. Nonetheless, although the ecological factors affecting the reproductive success of female butterflies have been the topic of numerous studies, little information exists on the factors affecting males' contribution to reproduction, and the indirect impacts on female fecundity and fitness. We used the Glanville fritillary butterfly, Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nymphalidae), in order to assess variation in male allocation to matings. In this species, smaller males produce smaller spermatophores, but variation in spermatophore size is not correlated with female reproductive success. We show that spermatophore size increases with male age at first mating, decreases with mating frequency and adult food-deprivation, and is not influenced by developmental food-limitation. The length of copulation period does not influence the spermatophore size nor influences the polyandrous mating behavior in this species. Male contribution to his spermatophore size is clearly influenced by his condition and adult-resource at the time of mating. Despite this variation, spermatophore size does not seem to have a direct impact on female reproductive output or mating behavior.
FIGURE 3 in Cladistic analysis finds a placement for an enigmatic species, Peyerimhoffia sepei sp. n. (Diptera: Sciaridae), with a note on its spermatophore
FIGURE 3. Peyerimhoffia sepei sp. n. (A, paratype from Utsjoki; B, paratype from Sodankylä; C, holotype): A, part of hypopygium. B, tegmen, aedeagus, and spermatophore. C, gonostylus, ventral view. Scale 0.10 mm. 1: tegmen, 2: aedeagus, 3: spermatophore, 4: neck of spermatophore.
FIGURE 2 in Cladistic analysis finds a placement for an enigmatic species, Peyerimhoffia sepei sp. n. (Diptera: Sciaridae), with a note on its spermatophore
FIGURE 2. Peyerimhoffia sepei sp. n. (A, paratype from Sodankylä; B and D, paratype from Saana; C, another paratype from Saana): A, antennal flagellomere 4, ventral view. B, maxillary palp, dorsal view. C, apex of hind tibia, retrolateral view. D, apex of front tibia, prolateral view. Scale for A 0.05 mm, for B–D 0.10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Cladistic analysis finds a placement for an enigmatic species, Peyerimhoffia sepei sp. n. (Diptera: Sciaridae), with a note on its spermatophore
FIGURE 1. Phylogeny of Peyerimhoffia. The strict consensus cladogram of 48 most parsimonious cladograms (431 steps, CI 19, RI 70), obtained with the program NONA. Black dot = unique (reversals allowed), open circle = homoplastic synapomorphy. Only the Peyerimhoffia clade from the full cladogram is shown. (See Hippa & Vilkamaa 2004 for the full cladogram, characters, and their states).
FIGURE 4. Uktena riparia n in Uktena riparia n. gen., n. sp. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), a new spermatophore-producing oligochaete
FIGURE 4. Uktena riparia n. sp. from Flat Creek (the type locality), from sagittal sections (A–E and J–L), or dissections (F– I). A. Ectal part of spermathecal ampulla, with sperm lined up along epithelium. B. Ental part of spermathecal ampulla with weakly-stained (old?) sperm. C. Copulatory organ and gland in spermathecal bursa. D. Muscle layer of spermathecal bursa wall. E. Small glands and muscle layer forming the wall of male bursa. F. Gland opening on papilla within male bursa. G. Spermatophore forming in atrial duct, with darkly-staining sperm (composite photo). H. Atrial ampulla and duct with coiled sperm bundles inside. I. Spermatophore protruding from male pore. J–L. Atrial ampullae; (K) showing detail of atrial wall, with prostate glands penetrating muscle layer (arrows); (L) showing elongate prostate glands with secretions.
FIGURE 3. Uktena riparia n in Uktena riparia n. gen., n. sp. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), a new spermatophore-producing oligochaete
FIGURE 3. Uktena riparia n. sp. from Flat Creek (the type locality). A. Sagittal section of anterior end. B. Dissected anterior end, showing pharynx. C. 3-lobed pharyngeal glands, from a dissection. D. Body wall in an anterior segment; sagittal section showing circular muscle layer. E. Anterior end of a nephridium; funnel on left; narrow postseptal mass to the right of the septum. F. Genital chaetae on IX and X, with female funnel in between, from a dissection. G. Genital chaetae in IX; tips visible as 2 rows at surface (above); appearing fan-wise in a cleared specimen (below). H. Genital field of a stained, whole worm, with partially-everted spermathecal bursae and copulatory organs. I. Two darkly-stained spermatophores attached at the base of a protruded copulatory organ. J. Helical sperm bundles within a spermatophore. K. Dorsal view of lateral blood vessels in a posterior segment. L. Copulatory organ within the spermathecal bursa. M. Secretory surface of copulatory organ.
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