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Figure 15 in Geographic variation in host selection in the spider wasps Entypus unifasciatus (Say) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figure 15. Combined geographic distribution of 39 host species of Lycosidae, Trechaleidae, Pisauridae, Ctenidae, Zoropsidae, Agelenidae and Sparassidae for Entypus unifasciatus and Tachypompilus ferrugineus based on ~9040 SCAN collection records and online images. Northwestern Mexico is undersampled and Colorado is oversampled on this map. Note scarcity of records from the Pacific Northwest.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →
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Figures 7–12. Tachypompilus ferrugineus, 7 in Geographic variation in host selection in the spider wasps Entypus unifasciatus (Say) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figures 7–12. Tachypompilus ferrugineus, 7) Female with immobilized Rabidosa rabida (Lycosidae), adult female, Meadowlands Nature Area, Bergen County, NJ. Photograph © Natalie Gregorio. 8) Female with immobilized Dolomedes albineus (light morph) (Pisauridae), adult female, Wolfskin District, Oglethorpe County, GA. Photograph © Wayne Hughes. 9) Female with immobilized Dolomedes albineus (dark morph) (Pisauridae), adult or subadult female, Azle, Tarrant County, TX. Photograph © Tracey Fandre. 10) Female with immobilized Agelenopsis?naevia (Agelenidae), adult female, Mansfield, Tarrant County, TX. Photograph © Don McMillan. 11) Female with immobilized Cupiennius coccineus (Trechaleidae), adult female, Rancho Naturalista, Cartago Province, Costa Rica. Photograph © Debbie Hall. 12) Female with immobilized Phoneutria boliviensis (Ctenidae), adult female, Playa Paunch near Bluff Beach, Isla Colón, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. Photograph © Ray Hamilton.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →
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Figures 1–6. Entypus unifasciatus. 1 in Geographic variation in host selection in the spider wasps Entypus unifasciatus (Say) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figures 1–6. Entypus unifasciatus. 1) Entypus unifasciatus unifasciatus (Say), female, with immobilized Hogna sp., subadult female (Lycosidae), Clark County, IN. Photograph © David Brown. 2) Entypus unifasciatus unifasciatus, female, with immobilized Dolomedes albineus (Pisauridae) (light morph), adult female, Acadiana Park Nature Station, Lafayette, Lafayette Parish, LA. Photograph © James Beck. 3) Entypus unifasciatus cressoni (Townes), female, with immobilized Olios giganteus (Sparassidae), adult female, Gilbert Riparian Reserve, Maricopa County, AZ. Photograph © Kelly Gibson. 4) Entypus unifasciatus cressoni, female, with immobilized Tigrosa sp. (Lycosidae), adult or subadult female, Santa Elena Canyon, Chihuahua State, Mexico. Photograph © Aaron Balam. 5) Entypus unifasciatus cressoni, female, with immobilized?Ctenus sp. (Ctenidae), adult female, Amozoc, Puebla State, Mexico. Photograph © Luis Fuentes. 6) Entypus unifasciatus cressoni, female, with immobilized Cupiennius salei (Trechaleidae), adult or subadult female, Zihuateutla, Bosque Mesófilo Xecotepec, Puebla State, Mexico. Photograph © A. D. Hernández-Saint Martin.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →
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Figure 1 in Observations on the nesting behaviour of the spider wasp Eragenia congrua (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae), with the first record of the host

Figure 1. (A) Jacaranda tree (Jacaranda copaia) with the nests of Eragenia congrua; (B) detail of the bark of Jacaranda tree with three closed old nests of E. congrua indicated by arrows. (C, D) Females of E. congrua on the bark of a Jacaranda tree.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2015View details →
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Figure 4 in Observations on the nesting behaviour of the spider wasp Eragenia congrua (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae), with the first record of the host

Figure 4. (A) Female of Eragenia congrua with bent gaster and curved wing tip; (B) mandible of a female of E. congrua; (C) terminal portion of metasoma of a female of E. congrua; (D) detail of the bristles in the terminal portion of metasoma of a female of E. congrua.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2015View details →
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Figures 5–6 in Pepsis elegans Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae)-a secretive spider wasp and century-long conundrum

Figures 5–6. Habitus photos of Pepsis elegans and host. 5) Pepsis elegans. Female with dried mud plastered on her pronotum, mesonotum, mesoscutellum, propodeum, tegulae, forewings, mid-femora, mid- and hind tibiae, especially hind tibial teeth, and hind tarsi, Pryor, Mayes County, Oklahoma. Photograph © Robert Webster. 6) Ummidia audouini. Adult female immobilized by sting of "big black wasp," lying dorsal side upward on Mississippi River delta soil in Bolivar County, Mississippi. © Blake Layton, Jr.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →
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Figures 3–4 in Pepsis elegans Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae)-a secretive spider wasp and century-long conundrum

Figures 3–4. Localities of Pepsis spp. 3) Pepsis elegans. Females searched for host spiders on the ground, obtained nectar from flowers, and were attracted to artificial light at night near this mesic open woodland, Pryor, Mayes County, Oklahoma. Photograph © Robert Webster. 4) Pepsis cerberus, P. elegans, P. novitia. Geographic location map in Nearctic Region (based on Brimley 1936; Hurd 1952; Krombein 1952; Johnston 2000; Bond and Opell 2002; Vardy 2005; Leavengood et al. 2011; Bond and Godwin 2013; Hamilton et al. 2016; Norden 2017; Godwin and Bond 2021; Durand, pers. comm.; BugGuide.net; flickr.com; iNaturalist.org; gbif.org; SCAN; and specimen records from 36 insect collections as indicated in Materials and Methods). Black lines represent range limits of potential host spider genera. Solid black line represents geographic limit of Ummidia (Halonoproctidae) species (Godwin and Bond 2021). Dashed black line represents geographic limit of Aphonopelma (Theraphosidae) species (Hamilton et al. 2016). Dotted black line represents geographic limit of Eucteniza Ausserer (Euctenizidae) species (Bond and Godwin 2013). Dash-dotted black line represents geographic limit of Entychides Simon (Euctenizidae) species (Bond and Opell 2002).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →
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Figures 1–2. Pepsis elegans. 1 in Pepsis elegans Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae)-a secretive spider wasp and century-long conundrum

Figures 1–2. Pepsis elegans. 1) Female imbibing nectar from Asclepias incarnata L. (Apocynaceae), near Skiatook, Tulsa County, Oklahoma. Note dried mud on forewings. Photograph © Thomas Shahan. 2) Female host-searching on foot path, Webster's Garden, Pryor, Mayes County, Oklahoma. Note dried mud on forewings. Photograph © Robert Webster.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →
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Fig. 1 in Eocene and not Cretaceous origin of spider wasps: Fossil evidence from amber

Fig. 1. Spider wasp Anoplius planeta Rodriguez and Pitts sp. nov., holotype, OSAC Hy-10-45, male specimen, from Early Miocene Dominican amber, Cordillera Septentrional, between Puerto Plata and Santiago, Dominican Republic. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Mesosoma in dorsal view. C. Forewing. D. Pulvillus. E. Hindwing. Photographs (A1, B1), camera lucida illustrations (A2, B2, C–E).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2015View details →
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Fig. 2 in Eocene and not Cretaceous origin of spider wasps: Fossil evidence from amber

Fig. 2. Spider wasp Tainopompilus argentum sp. nov., holotype, OSAC Hy- 10-45, male specimen, from Early Miocene Dominican amber, Cordillera Septentrional, between Puerto Plata and Santiago, Dominican Republic. A. Specimen in lateral view. B. Forewing. Photograph (A1), camera lucida illustrations (A2, B).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2015View details →
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Fig. 3 in Eocene and not Cretaceous origin of spider wasps: Fossil evidence from amber

Fig. 3. Spider wasp Paleogenia wahisi Waichert and Pitts sp. nov. holotype, OSAC Hy-10-80, male specimen, from late Eocene Baltic amber, Kaliningrad Region, Baltic Sea, Russia. A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Head. C. Forewing. Photographs (A1, B1), camera lucida illustrations (A2, B2, C).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2015View details →
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Figures 7–8. Aporus hirsutus prey transport. 7 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figures 7–8. Aporus hirsutus prey transport. 7) Aporus hirsutus female dragging Aptostichus simus juvenile backwards across sand, grasping end of its right foreleg with her mandibles. Sandy coastal back dunes, Santa Barbara County, CA; 17 June 2015; A. Abela. Photograph © Alice Abela. 8) Aporus hirsutus female dragging Aptostichus simus juvenile backwards across sand, grasping tibia of its 2nd left leg with her mandibles. The wasp's wings are folded on her dorsum, sandy coastal back dunes, Santa Barbara County, CA; 17 June 2015; A. Abela. Photograph © Alice Abela.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →
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Figure 10 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figure 10. Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) antenna orbit/socket position (Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985, this study).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →
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Figures 1–2. Aporus hirsutus and Aptostichus simus. 1 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figures 1–2. Aporus hirsutus and Aptostichus simus. 1) Aporus hirsutus resting on sand, digging in sand, sandy coastal back dunes, Santa Barbara County, CA; 12 June 2014; A. Abela. The species name "hirsutus" refers to the hairiness of the body. Species identification structures include short antennae and forelegs, quasi-triangular flattened head, elongate pronotum, swollen forefemur and foretibia, thick foretarsal rake spines, and only two submarginal cells in forewing. The concave back of the head, not seen to this degree in other Nearctic Aporus species, fits snugly against the front of the convex pronotum, enabling the wasp to tunnel unobstructed through sand. Photograph © Alice Abela. 2) Aptostichus simus female on sand, Montaña de Oro State Park, San Luis Obispo County, CA; 8 June 2014; A. Abela. Females lack obvious distinguishing external morphological features, except for sharply delineated patch of endite cuspules on abdominal venter. All Aptostichus species have psammophilous body coloration (Bond 2012). Photograph © Alice Abela.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →
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Figure 9 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figure 9. Aptostichus species California geographic distribution (from Bond 2012) and Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) geographic range (Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985; this study).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →
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Figures 5–6. Aporus hirsutus hunting behavior. 5 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figures 5–6. Aporus hirsutus hunting behavior. 5) Aporus hirsutus female digging into sand, using her mandibles and foretarsal digging rake, apparently searching for host Aptostichus simus, sandy coastal back dunes, Santa Barbara County, CA; 12 June 2014; A. Abela. Photograph © Alice Abela. 6) Aptostichus simus trapdoor being propped open by a twig. Note the flimsy silk and sand consistency of the trapdoor and sides of entrance, Montaña de Oro State Park, San Luis Obispo, CA; 5 July 2020; A. Abela. Photograph © Alice Abela.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →
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Figures 3–4. Aporus hirsutus adult feeding. 3 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figures 3–4. Aporus hirsutus adult feeding. 3) Aporus hirsutus female taking nectar from flowers of Eriogonum parvifolium, Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA; 6 August 2014; A. Abela. Photograph © Alice Abela. 4) Aporus hirsutus female with immobilized Aptostichus simus, immature, on sand, Surf Beach at Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA; 28 March 2015; A. Abela. The wasp appressed her mouthparts and basal antennal segments to the paralyzed prey and, apparently, used this individual only for adult feeding. Photograph © Alice Abela.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →
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Figure 11 in Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figure 11. Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) degree of body hairiness (Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985; this study).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →
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Figures 9–16. Pompilid wasps and host spiders. 9 in Additional new and unusual host records for Western Hemisphere spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figures 9–16. Pompilid wasps and host spiders. 9) Pepsis martini Vardy, female, with immobilized Diplura nigra (F. O. Pickard- Cambridge) (Dipluridae), adult or subadult female, Cristalino Lodge, Alto Floresta, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Photograph © Sidnei Dantas. 10) Pepsis plutus Erichson, female, with immobilized Phoneutria fera Perty (Ctenidae), adult or subadult female, Saül, French Guiana. Photograph © Wouter Knaepen. 11) Priocnessus hurdi Dreisbach, female, with immobilized Euagrus?mexicanus (Ausserer) (Euagridae), adult or subadult female, Jantetelco, Morelas State, Mexico. Photograph © Paula Montserrat Crespo Barrera. 12) Priocnemella hexagona (Fox), female, with immobilized Phoneutria?fera Perty (Ctenidae), juvenile, National Forest of Jamari, Rondônia State, Brazil. Photograph © Pedro Paulo Machado Nascimento. 13) Sphictostethus striatulus Roig-Alsina, female, with immobilized?Grammostola sp. (Theraphosidae), juvenile, Altos de Cantillana Reserve, 12 km W Paine, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. Photograph © Bernardo Segura. 14) Herbstellus pachylopus (Kohl), female, with immobilized Lycinus sp. (Nemesiidae), adult or subadult female, La Serena, Elqui Province, Coquimbo Region, Chile. Photograph © Simon Torres. 15) Caliadurgus maculatellus (Taschenberg), female, with immobilized Larinia sp. (Araneidae), adult or subadult female, Punilla, Córdoba Province, Argentina. Photograph © Andrea A. Coccuci. 16) Entypus magnus (Cresson), female, with immobilized Tigrosa georgicola (Walckenaer) (Lycosidae), adult or subadult female, Princeton, Collin County, Texas, USA. Photograph © Manda Bell.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →
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Figure 16 in Geographic variation in host selection in the spider wasps Entypus unifasciatus (Say) and Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae), II

Figure 16. Combined geographic occurrence records of host species of Agelenidae, Ctenidae, Lycosidae, Pisauridae, Selenopidae, Sparassidae, Trechaleidae and Zoropsidae for Entypus unifasciatus and Tachypompilus ferrugineus based on 19,097 SCAN and GBIF collection records and online images. Northwestern Mexico is poorly sampled on this map. Note scarcity of records from the Pacific Northwest.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

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