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Figs. 57–62. Synaphris saphrynis, n in Spinneret Spigot Morphology in Synaphrid Spiders (Araneae, Synaphridae), with Comments on the Systematics of the Family and Description of a New Species of Synaphris Simon 1894 from Spain

Figs. 57–62. Synaphris saphrynis, n.sp. Male paratype, left palp, details. 57. Detail of apex, showing embolus, terminal and subterminal apophyses, and paracymbium, in retrolateral view (detail of fig. 53); 58. Same, closer view of terminal and subterminal apophyses; 59. Detail of apex in apical view (detail of fig. 51); 60. Detail of retrolateral paracymbium; 61. Detail of apophyses, apical view; 62. Embolus tip. Abbreviations are spelled out in appendix 1.

Fig. 30. Synaphris saphrynis, n in Spinneret Spigot Morphology in Synaphrid Spiders (Araneae, Synaphridae), with Comments on the Systematics of the Family and Description of a New Species of Synaphris Simon 1894 from Spain

Fig. 30. Synaphris saphrynis, n.sp. Male paratype, schematic drawing showing tracheal system, dorsal view.

Figs. 40–45. Synaphris saphrynis, n in Spinneret Spigot Morphology in Synaphrid Spiders (Araneae, Synaphridae), with Comments on the Systematics of the Family and Description of a New Species of Synaphris Simon 1894 from Spain

Figs. 40–45. Synaphris saphrynis, n.sp. Male paratype, spinnerets. 40. Spinning field; 41. Same, ventral view; 42. Right anterior lateral spinneret; 43. Posterior median spinnerets; 44. Right posterior lateral spinneret; 45. Left posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations are spelled out in appendix 1.

Figs. 46–48. Synaphris saphrynis, n in Spinneret Spigot Morphology in Synaphrid Spiders (Araneae, Synaphridae), with Comments on the Systematics of the Family and Description of a New Species of Synaphris Simon 1894 from Spain

Figs. 46–48. Synaphris saphrynis, n.sp. Male paratype, left palp. 46. Prolateral view; 47. Retrolateral view; 48. same, cleared. Abbreviations are spelled out in appendix 1.

Figs. 27–29. Synaphris saphrynis, n in Spinneret Spigot Morphology in Synaphrid Spiders (Araneae, Synaphridae), with Comments on the Systematics of the Family and Description of a New Species of Synaphris Simon 1894 from Spain

Figs. 27–29. Synaphris saphrynis, n.sp. Male paratype, right leg IV. 27. Tarsus and metatarsus, dorsal view; 28. Tarsal claws, frontal-retrolateral view; 29. Same, retrolateral view, arrow to dorsal denticle on inferior claw.

Figs. 2–6. Synaphris saphrynis, n in Spinneret Spigot Morphology in Synaphrid Spiders (Araneae, Synaphridae), with Comments on the Systematics of the Family and Description of a New Species of Synaphris Simon 1894 from Spain

Figs. 2–6. Synaphris saphrynis, n.sp. Male paratype. 2. Ventral view; 3. Frontal view; 4. Cephalothorax, lateral view; 5. Detail of mouthparts, frontal view, arrow to clavate maxillary setae; 6. Detail of cheliceral prolateral short hairs.

Figs. 7–10. Synaphris saphrynis, n in Spinneret Spigot Morphology in Synaphrid Spiders (Araneae, Synaphridae), with Comments on the Systematics of the Family and Description of a New Species of Synaphris Simon 1894 from Spain

Figs. 7–10. Synaphris saphrynis, n.sp. Male paratype. 7. Sternum, ventral view; 8. Mouthparts, ventral view; 9. Mouthparts, posterior view; 10. Detail of mouthparts, showing labrum and labium, ventral view.

Fig. 1 in Spinneret Spigot Morphology in Synaphrid Spiders (Araneae, Synaphridae), with Comments on the Systematics of the Family and Description of a New Species of Synaphris Simon 1894 from Spain

Fig. 1. Map showing the geographic distribution of the described species of Cepheia and Synaphris around the Mediterranean region in Europe. For the geographic distribution of the recent species from Madagascar, see Miller (in press). For Synaphris, each location represents one described species. For Cepheia, all locations represent the geographical distribution of Cepheia longiseta.

FIGURES 32–35 in The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea

FIGURES 32–35. Live images of Ozarchaea westraliensis Rix: 32–34, female from Mount Cooke, Western Australia, photographed in captivity; 35, egg sac from Cottonwood Crescent Reserve, Perth, Western Australia, showing complex outer layer and star-shaped 'cap'.

FIGURE 36 in The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea

FIGURE 36. Summary cladogram from the phylogenetic analysis of Griswold et al. (2005, fig. 217), showing the optimal tree inferred in that study under implied weights parsimony. Black-coloured branches denote distal lineages which possess only two major ampullate (MAP) gland spigots on the anterior lateral spinnerets (State 1) (illustrated in Titanoecidae, inset A), as opposed to three or more MAP gland spigots (State 0). Shaded, highlighted (*) clades show State 1 taxa that possess a secondarily-reduced MAP nubbin (illustrated in Anapidae, inset B). Note the presence of this ALS MAP nubbin (*) in Palpimanoidea, Araneoidea, Uloboridae and some RTA clade genera. n—nubbin; PI—piriform gland spigot; t—tartipore. Image for inset A courtesy of Charles Griswold and Hannah Wood, used with permission.

FIGURES 28–31 in The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea

FIGURES 28–31. Scanning electron micrographs of Ozarchaea harveyi Rix from near Banksiadale Dam, Western Australia: 28, female cephalothorax, dorsal view; 29, female splayed chelicerae, ventral view; 30, female leg IV claws; 31, male leg I femur, retrolateral view, showing curved row of peg-like setae. Fe1—femur I; iC—inferior claw; ps—peglike seta; Ta4—tarsus IV; Tr1—trochanter I.

FIGURES 9–10 in The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea

FIGURES 9–10. Cleared, dissected epigyne of paratype female Flavarchaea humboldti n. sp. from Mont Humboldt, New Caledonia: 9, receptacula, dorsal view; 10, detail of receptacula, showing ducts. Arrows denote the trajectory of insemination ducts. cR, internal chamber of receptaculum; EF, epigastric furrow; FD, fertilisation duct; ID, insemination duct; ilR, 'nose-like' inner lobe of receptaculum.

FIGURES 5–8. Holotype female Flavarchaea humboldti n in The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea

FIGURES 5–8. Holotype female Flavarchaea humboldti n. sp. from Mont Humboldt, New Caledonia: 5, habitus, antero-lateral view; 6, cephalothorax, frontal view; 7, abdomen, ventral view; 8, epigyne, ventral view.

FIGURES 22–27 in The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea

FIGURES 22–27. Scanning electron micrographs of male Ozarchaea harveyi Rix from near Banksiadale Dam, Western Australia: 22, cephalothorax, frontal view, showing splayed chelicerae and comb of moveable setae; 23, eyes and clypeus, frontal view; 24, cephalothorax, lateral view; 25, cheliceral dentition, prolateral view, showing dorsal stridulatory file, peg teeth and ventral keel; 26, detail of (25), showing peg teeth; 27, left cheliceral paturon, pro-ventral view, showing keel and base of moveable setae. F—fang; K—keel; mS—moveable seta; PTA/B/C—peg tooth group A/ B/C; T—tooth.

FIGURE 11 in The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea

FIGURE 11. Distribution map showing the type locality of Flavarchaea humboldti n. sp. north of Nouméa, New Caledonia.

FIGURES 1–4. Holotype female Flavarchaea humboldti n in The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea

FIGURES 1–4. Holotype female Flavarchaea humboldti n. sp. from Mont Humboldt, New Caledonia: 1, habitus, dorsal view; 2, habitus, ventral view; 3, carapace, dorsal view; 4, sternum, ventral view, showing strongly reticulate cuticle.

FIGURES 18–21 in The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea

FIGURES 18–21. Scanning electron micrographs of spinnerets of male Ozarchaea harveyi Rix from near Banksiadale Dam, Western Australia: 18, anterior lateral spinnerets; 19, posterior median spinnerets; 20–21, posterior median and posterior lateral spinnerets. Arrows denote the anterior, mesal direction. AC—aciniform gland spigot; as—anterior seta; MAP 1º/2º—primary/secondary major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—minor ampullate gland spigot; PI—piriform gland spigot; t—tartipore.

FIGURES 12–17 in The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea

FIGURES 12–17. Scanning electron micrographs of spinnerets of female Ozarchaea harveyi Rix from near Banksiadale Dam, Western Australia: 12–13, anterior lateral spinnerets; 14–15, posterior median spinnerets; 16–17, posterior lateral spinnerets. Arrows denote the anterior, mesal direction. Note that the highlighted (*) CY gland spigot in Figure 16 has been broken off at the shaft. AC—aciniform gland spigot; as—anterior seta; bCY—basal cylindrical gland spigot; CYcylindrical gland spigot; MAP 1º/2º—primary/secondary major ampullate gland spigot; mAP—minor ampullate gland spigot; PI—piriform gland spigot; ps—posterior seta; t—tartipore.

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Figure 13 in Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea)

Figure 13. Maymena mayana (Mysmenidae): A–C, E, F, H–J, female; D, G, male. A, prosoma, lateral view; B, same, dorsal view; C, left anterior lateral spinnerets; D, posterior median spinnerets; E–G, right posterior lateral spinnerets; E, detail of modified spatulate seta and aggregate spigots; H, detail of female palpal tibia; I, mouthparts, distal right chelicera; J, same, detail of promarginal teeth. See Appendix 3 for the list of abbreviations.