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28 results for “sporocarp”
Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
<p class="Corps"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Sporocarps (fruit bodies) are the sexual reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi. They are highly nutritious and consequently vulnerable to grazing by birds and small mammals, and invertebrates, and can be infected by microbial and fungal parasites and pathogens. The complexity of communities thriving inside sporocarps is largely unknown. In this study, we revealed the diversity, taxonomic composition and host-preference of fungicolous fungi (i.e fungi that feed on other fungi) in sporocarps. We carried out DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 region from 176 sporocarps of 11 wood-decay fungal host species, all collected within a forest in northeast Finland. We assessed the influence of sporocarp traits, such as lifespan, morphology and size, on the fungicolous fungal community. The level of colonisation by fungicolous fungi, measured as the proportion of non-host ITS2 reads, varied between 2.8-39.8% across the 11 host species and was largely dominated by Ascomycota. Host species was the major determinant of the community composition and diversity of fungicolous fungi, suggesting that host adaptation is important for many fungicolous fungi. Furthermore, the alpha-diversity was consistently higher in short-lived and resupinate sporocarps compared to long-lived and pileate ones, perhaps due to a more hostile environment for fungal growth in the latter too. The fungicolous fungi represented numerous lineages in the fungal tree of life, among which a significant portion was poorly represented with reference sequences in databases. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Mast seeding in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is associated with reduced fungal sporocarp production and community diversity
<p>A time series of seed production data from European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>) was combined with a fungal census (1977 to 2006) from La Chanéaz Fungus Reserve to evaluate the relationship between mast seeding and fungal resource availability. Annual fungal species' counts, traits, contemporaneous weather and seed production data are available here, alongside the code used to complete the analyses.</p>
Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
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Data from: Mast seeding in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is associated with reduced fungal sporocarp production and community diversity
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Sporocarp count aboveground fungal communities in savanna and oak forest: Causes of change in ectomycorrhizal communities
This experiment is designed to examine whether oak savanna supports a unique community of ectomycorrhizal fungi, a higher diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi or a greater proportional abundance of ascomycete fungi compared with adjacent areas where the absence of fire has resulted in oak savanna conversion to oak forest.
Data from: Saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp stoichiometry (C : N : P) across temperate rainforests as evidence of shared nutrient constraints among symbionts
Summary: Quantifying nutritional dynamics of free-living saprotrophs and symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) in the field is challenging, but the stoichiometry of fruiting bodies (sporocarps) may be an effective methodology for this purpose. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations of soils, foliage and 146 sporocarp collections were analyzed from 14 Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii stands across a podzolization gradient on Vancouver Island (Canada). N and P concentrations were considerably higher in saprotrophic fungi. Fungal N% increased with soil N content at a greater rate for saprotrophs than EMF, while fungal P% of saprotrophs was more constrained. Fungal N:P was more responsive to soil N:P for EMF (homeostatic regulation coefficient 'H' =2.9) than saprotrophs (H= 5.9), while N:P of EMF and host tree foliage scaled almost identically. Results underscore the role of EMF as nutrient conduits, supporting host trees, whereas saprotrophs maintain a greater degree of nutritional homeostasis. Site nutrient constraints were shared in equal measure between EMF and host trees, particularly for P, suggesting neither partner benefits from enhanced nutrition at the expense of the other. Sporocarp stoichiometry provides new insights into mycorrhizal relationships and illustrates pervasive P deficiencies across temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest.
FIGURE 19. Lamproderma sauteri var. atrogriseum Meyl. A. Sporocarps. B. Open sporocarp. C in Revision of the Donald T. Kowalski's collections of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa) reveals twice higher species diversity
FIGURE 19. Lamproderma sauteri var. atrogriseum Meyl. A. Sporocarps. B. Open sporocarp. C. Columella and capillitium in transmitted light. D. Spores in transmitted light (edge view). E. Spores in transmitted light (top view). F. Spore by SEM. G. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: A–B = 1 mm, C = 500 μm, D–F = 10 μm, G = 3 μm. A, C: coll. DTK 7073, B, F–G: coll. DTK 7116, D–E: coll. DTK 7145.
FIGURE. Trichia munda (syntype): a–i: specimen from box B.M. 2942. a–b. Label, sporocarps and substratum, [box: BM001089762]. c. Detail of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–f. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. g–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: c–f = 5 µm, g–h = 2 μm, i = 1 µm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Trichia munda (syntype): a–i: specimen from box B.M. 2942. a–b. Label, sporocarps and substratum, [box: BM001089762]. c. Detail of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–f. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. g–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: c–f = 5 µm, g–h = 2 μm, i = 1 µm.
FIGURE. Hemitrichia intorta: a–g: specimen from box B.M. 1483 (syntype). a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001088829]. b–d. Details of capillitium by SEM. e–g. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c= 5 μm, d = 2 μm, e–f = 2 μm, g = 1 µm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Hemitrichia intorta: a–g: specimen from box B.M. 1483 (syntype). a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001088829]. b–d. Details of capillitium by SEM. e–g. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c= 5 μm, d = 2 μm, e–f = 2 μm, g = 1 µm.
FIGURE. Perichaena cornuvioides: a–e. specimen from box B.M. 3004 (type). a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001247521]. b–e. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–d = 2 μm, e = 1 µm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Perichaena cornuvioides: a–e. specimen from box B.M. 3004 (type). a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001247521]. b–e. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–d = 2 μm, e = 1 µm.
FIGURE. Trichia affinis: a–g: specimen from box B.M. 4147. a. Label, sporocarps and substratum, [box: BM001247524]. b–c. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–e. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. f–g. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c = 2 μm, d–e = 5 µm, f–g = 2 μm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Trichia affinis: a–g: specimen from box B.M. 4147. a. Label, sporocarps and substratum, [box: BM001247524]. b–c. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–e. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. f–g. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c = 2 μm, d–e = 5 µm, f–g = 2 μm.
FIGURE. Prototrichia metallica: a–i: specimen from box B.M. 1542. a. Label [box: BM001247523]. b. Sporocarps and substratum. c–e. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. f. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. g–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: c–e = 5 μm, f = 10 µm, g–h = 2 μm, i = 1 μm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Prototrichia metallica: a–i: specimen from box B.M. 1542. a. Label [box: BM001247523]. b. Sporocarps and substratum. c–e. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. f. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. g–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: c–e = 5 μm, f = 10 µm, g–h = 2 μm, i = 1 μm.
FIGURE. Prototrichia metallica: a–h: specimen from box B.M. 3174. a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: [BM001247522]. b–c. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–e. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. f–h. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–e = 5 μm, f–g = 2 μm, h = 1 μm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Prototrichia metallica: a–h: specimen from box B.M. 3174. a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: [BM001247522]. b–c. Details of ornamentation of capillitium by SEM. d–e. Details of free ends of capillitium by SEM. f–h. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–e = 5 μm, f–g = 2 μm, h = 1 μm.
FIGURE. Hemitrichia karstenii: a and d: specimen from box B.M. 1489. a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001247518]. d. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. b–c, e–i: specimen from box B.M. 2008. e. Label [box: BM001247519]. b–c. Capillitium by SEM. f–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c = 5 μm, d and f–h = 2 μm, i = 1 μm. in Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM)
FIGURE. Hemitrichia karstenii: a and d: specimen from box B.M. 1489. a. Sporocarps and substratum [box: BM001247518]. d. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. b–c, e–i: specimen from box B.M. 2008. e. Label [box: BM001247519]. b–c. Capillitium by SEM. f–i. Details of spore ornamentation by SEM. Bars: b–c = 5 μm, d and f–h = 2 μm, i = 1 μm.
FIGURE 3. Elaeomyxa miyazakiensis. A. Sporocarps. B in A new Stemonitis species and a new record of Elaeomyxa from China
FIGURE 3. Elaeomyxa miyazakiensis. A. Sporocarps. B. Sporocarps on bark of a dead log. C. Two sporocarps under SEM. D. Part of stalk and some spores. Bars: A=1 mm, B=1 cm.
FIGURE 4. Lamproderma aff. pulchellum Meyl. A–D. Sporocarps. E, F. Capillitium. G. Peridium and spores. H, I in Two species of nivicolous myxomycetes that formed fruiting bodies during three spring seasons in the lowlands of the Eastern Ukraine
FIGURE 4. Lamproderma aff. pulchellum Meyl. A–D. Sporocarps. E, F. Capillitium. G. Peridium and spores. H, I. Spores.
FIGURE 3. Lamproderma pseudomaculatum Mar. Mey. et Poulain. A–D. Sporocarps. E, F. Capillitium. G in Two species of nivicolous myxomycetes that formed fruiting bodies during three spring seasons in the lowlands of the Eastern Ukraine
FIGURE 3. Lamproderma pseudomaculatum Mar. Mey. et Poulain. A–D. Sporocarps. E, F. Capillitium. G. Peridium (arrowheads indicate maculae). H, I. Spores.
Data from: Saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp stoichiometry (C : N : P) across temperate rainforests as evidence of shared nutrient constraints among symbionts
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Data from: Linking the respiration of fungal sporocarps with their nitrogen concentration: variation among species, tissues, and guilds
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FIGURE 4. Physarum nivale a, b. Sporocarp. c. Physaroid capillitium and spores. d in Myxomycetes diversity in Adana Province (Turkey) with two new records
FIGURE 4. Physarum nivale a, b. Sporocarp. c. Physaroid capillitium and spores. d. Spores.
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