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Secchi depth data and discrete depth profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, photosynthetic active radiation, oxidation-reduction potential, and pH for Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, Falling Creek Reservoir, Gatewood Reservoir, and Spring Hollow Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA 2013-2025
Discrete depth profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, specific conductance, and pH were collected with multiple handheld water quality probes and discrete depth profiles of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were collected with a LI-COR underwater light meter from 2013 to 2025 in five drinking water reservoirs in southwestern Virginia, USA. These reservoirs are: Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Carvins Cove Reservoir (Roanoke, Virginia), Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Gatewood Reservoir (Pulaski, Virginia), and Spring Hollow Reservoir (Salem, Virginia). Beaverdam, Carvins Cove, Falling Creek, and Spring Hollow Reservoirs are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as primary or secondary drinking water sources for Roanoke, Virginia, and Gatewood Reservoir is a drinking water source for the Town of Pulaski, Virginia. All discrete depth profiles were collected on approximately 1-meter intervals. The data package consists of two datasets: 1) Secchi depth data; and 2) discrete depth profiles of multiple water quality variables measured by handheld sensors. The Secchi data and discrete depth profiles were measured at the deepest site of each reservoir adjacent to the dam, as well as other in-reservoir sites. Handheld sensor measurements were also collected at a gauged weir on the primary inflow tributary, other inflows, and outflows at Falling Creek Reservoir; inflows and outflows at Beaverdam Reservoir; and inflows at Carvins Cove Reservoir. In 2021, YSI handheld data were also collected from a littoral site in Beaverdam Reservoir. In 2025, YSI handheld data were collected monthly from June to October from nine littoral sites around the perimeter of Falling Creek Reservoir. From 2024 - 2025, additional within-reservoir depth profiles were collected in Carvins Cove Reservoir and multiple sites. Data were collected approximately fortnightly in the spring months (March - Ma
Time series of high-frequency profiles of depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, chlorophyll a, turbidity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, photosynthetically active radiation, colored dissolved organic matter, phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, and descent rate for Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, Falling Creek Reservoir, Gatewood Reservoir, and Spring Hollow Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA 2013-2025
Depth profiles of water biogeochemical properties were collected with SeaBird Electronics (SBE) Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) profilers from 2013-2025 at five drinking water reservoirs in southwestern Virginia, USA. The study reservoirs are: Beaverdam Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Carvins Cove Reservoir (Roanoke, Virginia), Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia), Gatewood Reservoir (Pulaski, Virginia), and Spring Hollow Reservoir (Salem, Virginia). Beaverdam, Carvins Cove, Falling Creek, and Spring Hollow Reservoirs are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as primary or secondary drinking water sources for Roanoke, Virginia, and Gatewood Reservoir is a drinking water source for the town of Pulaski, Virginia. The dataset consists of CTD depth profiles measured at the deepest site of each reservoir adjacent to the dam as well as other upstream reservoir sites. The profiles were collected approximately fortnightly in the spring months, weekly in the summer and early autumn, and monthly in the late autumn and winter. Beaverdam Reservoir, Carvins Cove Reservoir, and Falling Creek Reservoir were sampled every year in the dataset (2013-2025); Spring Hollow Reservoir was only sampled 2013-2017 and 2019; and Gatewood Reservoir was only sampled in 2016. Data availability differs across years due to additional sensors that have been added or replaced over time. From 2013-2016, profiles were taken with a CTD equipped with an SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen sensor and an ECO FLNTU sensor for turbidity and chlorophyll. From 2017-2025, profiles were taken with a CTD equipped with an SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen sensor, an ECO FLNTU sensor for turbidity and chlorophyll, a PAR-LOG ICSW sensor for photosynthetically active radiation, and a SBE 27 pH and ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) sensor. In 2022 and 2023, profiles were also taken with an additional CTD equipped with an SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen sensor; an ECO Triplet Scattering Fluorescence sensor for
Sea ice core temperature and salinity data collected during the 2019 SCALE Spring Cruise
<p>Temperature and salinity profiles of sea ice cores extracted from in situ sea ice floes and lifted pancakes were measured in the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone during the Southern oCean seAsonal Experiment (SCALE) spring cruise in 2019 (<a href="http://www.scale.org.za">www.scale.org.za</a>) aboard the SA Agulhas II.</p>
Hull Springs Wetland Dissolved Oxygen and Water Temperature Data from 2021-05-04 to 2021-06-11
<p># General Metadata for Hull Springs Restored Wetland Sampling Station</p> <p>## Files</p> <p>Specific metadata for each deployment can be found as text files with the file format of:</p> <p> HS_wetland_DO-MM-DD_metadata.txt<br> <br> Where YYYY-MM-DD is the date that the sampling period ended.</p> <p>NOTE: The metadata in the above file is collected from the data logger and does not have all of fields present in the final data set, because some were created during data cleaning.</p> <p>## File Created</p> <p> * 2021-06-16 by KF<br> <br> ## File Modified</p> <p>## Description</p> <p>These data are from the sampling station in the restored wetland at Hull Springs. The sensors are in the NE corner of the shallow pond portion of the restored wetland (38.119289, -76.667252).</p> <p>All data are CC-BY and should be cited using the DOI available at https://zenodo.org/communities/leo/</p> <p>## Station Specifics</p> <p> The specific at each site are:</p> <p> * Temperature (dC) collected with a Onset HOBO U26-001 Dissolved Oxygen Logger<br> * Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) collected with a Onset HOBO U26-001 Dissolved Oxygen Logger</p> <p>The sensors are sampled every 15 minutes<br> <br> ## Measurement Parameters, units, and Variable Names</p> <p> * date.time - THIS FIELD DOES NOT REPORT THE CORRECT TIME. THE AM and PM WERE NOT PRESERVED. USE 'timestamp'.<br> * observation - the incremental number of each observation<br> * timestamp - the data and time that the record was collected, as reported by the data logger (MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS A/PM)<br> * DO - the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water (mg/L)<br> * Temp - the temperature of the water (dC)<br> </p>
Baliles Center (Hull Springs) Dock depth and temperature data from 2021-12-04 to 2022-02-05
<p>General Metadata for Hull Springs Dock-YSI Sampling Station</p> <p>Files</p> <p>Specific metadata for each deployment can be found as text files with the file format of:</p> <pre><code>HS_YSI_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_dock_pressure_trans_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>Where YYYY-MM-DD is the date that the sampling period ended.</p> <p>NOTE: The metadata in the above file is collected from the data logger and does not have all of fields present in the final data set, because some were created during data cleaning.</p> <p>File Created</p> <ul> <li>2021-07-14 by KF</li> </ul> <p>File Modified</p> <ul> <li>2021-07-22 by KF - added metadata for pressure transducer</li> </ul> <p>Description</p> <p>These data are from the sampling station in Aimes Creek on the Camp House dock (38.125367, -76.659537).</p> <pre><code>* Physical and chemical water data are collected with a YSI EXO2 sonde. * Temperature (dC) and Pressure (KPa) are collected with an Onset HOBO U20-001-01-Ti Water Level Logger</code></pre> <p> </p> <p>All data are CC-BY and should be cited using the DOI available at <a href="https://zenodo.org/communities/leo/">https://zenodo.org/communities/leo/</a></p> <p>Station Specifics</p> <p>The sensors are sampled every 15 minutes</p> <p>NOTE: The YSI sonde failed during this deployment so only the depth and temperature data are available from the pressure transducer.</p> <p>Measurements Parameters, units, and Variable Names</p> <ul> <li>date.time - the date and time that the record was collected, reported in POSIX standard time (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS)</li> <li>date.time.adj - the date and time that the pressure was measured adjusted to match the time that barometric pressure was collected. (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS)</li> <li>observation - the number of the observation.</li> <li>timestamp - the date and time as reported by the data logger (MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS AM/PM)</li> <li>date - the date that the record was collected (MM/DD/YYYY)</li> <li>time - the time that the record was collected (HH:MM:SS)</li> <li>site_name - the ID name provided by the KOR software.</li> <li>unit_ID - the sonde identification number.</li> <li>user_ID - the user that created the sampling template.</li> <li>Temp_dC - the water temperature in degrees C.</li> <li>DO_perc - the dissolved oxygen percent saturation (%).</li> <li>DO_percL - the "local" dissolved oxygen percent saturation where the calibration is locally always 100% saturated independent of the barometric pressure (%).</li> <li>DO_mg-L - the concentration of dissolved oxygen (mg/L).</li> <li>SPC_uS-cm - the specific conductance (uS/cm).</li> <li>C_uS-cm - the conductivity (uS/cm).</li> <li>nLFC_uS-cm</li> <li>TDS_mg-L - the total dissolved solids (mg/L).</li> <li>SAL_PSU - the salinity of the water (PSU).</li> <li>pH - the pH of the water.</li> <li>pH_mV - the millivolt measurement of the pH meter (mV).</li> <li>FNU - the turbidity of the water (FNU).</li> <li>TSS_mg-L - the total suspended solids (mg/L).</li> <li>BGA_PC_RFU - the phycocyanin fluorescence level which is an indicator of blue-green algae (RFU).</li> <li>BGC_PC_ug-L - the concentration of phycocyanin in the water, which is an indicator of blue-green algae (ug/L).</li> <li>Chl_RFU - the chlorophyll fluorescence level, which is an indicator of phytoplankton biomass (RFU).</li> <li>Chl_ug-L - the concentration of chlorophyll in the water, which is an indicator of phytoplankton biomass (ug/L).</li> <li>fDOM_RFU - the fluorescent DOM fluorescence level (RFU).</li> <li>fDOM_QSU - the standardized fluorescent DOM concentration (QSU).</li> <li>Wiper_V - the voltage output of the wiper (V).</li> <li>Cabel_V - the voltage output of the cable (V).</li> <li>Batt_V - the voltage output of the internal batteries (V).</li> <li>Pressure - the pressure of the water above the pressure transducer (KPa)</li> <li>Temp - the water temperature reported by the pressure transducer (dC)</li> <li>press_mmHg - the pressure of the water above the pressure transducer (mm Hg)</li> <li>BP_mmHg - the barometric pressure recorded by the weather station at the Yellow House (mm Hg)</li> <li>Z_press_trans - the depth of the water above the pressure transducer (cm)</li> <li>Z - the depth of the water above the sediments (cm)</li> </ul>
Baliles Center (Hull Springs) Aimes Creek Depth and Temperature Data from 2022-02-05 to 2022-03-08
<p>General Metadata for Hull Springs Dock-YSI Sampling Station</p> <p>Files</p> <p>Specific metadata for each deployment can be found as text files with the file format of:</p> <pre><code>HS_YSI_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_dock_pressure_trans_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt</code></pre> <p>Where YYYY-MM-DD is the date that the sampling period ended.</p> <p>NOTE: The metadata in the above file is collected from the data logger and does not have all of fields present in the final data set, because some were created during data cleaning.</p> <p>File Created</p> <ul> <li>2021-07-14 by KF</li> </ul> <p>File Modified</p> <ul> <li>2021-07-22 by KF - added metadata for pressure transducer</li> </ul> <p>Description</p> <p>These data are from the sampling station in Aimes Creek on the Camp House dock (38.125367, -76.659537).</p> <pre><code>* Physical and chemical water data are collected with a YSI EXO2 sonde. * Temperature (dC) and Pressure (KPa) are collected with an Onset HOBO U20-001-01-Ti Water Level Logger</code></pre> <p>All data are CC-BY and should be cited using the DOI available at <a href="https://zenodo.org/communities/leo/">https://zenodo.org/communities/leo/</a></p> <p>Station Specifics</p> <p>The sensors are sampled every 15 minutes</p> <p>Measurements Parameters, units, and Variable Names</p> <ul> <li>date.time - the date and time that the record was collected, reported in POSIX standard time (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS)</li> <li>date.time.adj - the date and time that the pressure was measured adjusted to match the time that barometric pressure was collected. (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS)</li> <li>observation - the number of the observation.</li> <li>timestamp - the date and time as reported by the data logger (MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS AM/PM)</li> <li>date - the date that the record was collected (MM/DD/YYYY)</li> <li>time - the time that the record was collected (HH:MM:SS)</li> <li>site_name - the ID name provided by the KOR software.</li> <li>unit_ID - the sonde identification number.</li> <li>user_ID - the user that created the sampling template.</li> <li>Temp_dC - the water temperature in degrees C.</li> <li>DO_perc - the dissolved oxygen percent saturation (%).</li> <li>DO_percL - the "local" dissolved oxygen percent saturation where the calibration is locally always 100% saturated independent of the barometric pressure (%).</li> <li>DO_mg-L - the concentration of dissolved oxygen (mg/L).</li> <li>SPC_uS-cm - the specific conductance (uS/cm).</li> <li>C_uS-cm - the conductivity (uS/cm).</li> <li>nLFC_uS-cm</li> <li>TDS_mg-L - the total dissolved solids (mg/L).</li> <li>SAL_PSU - the salinity of the water (PSU).</li> <li>pH - the pH of the water.</li> <li>pH_mV - the millivolt measurement of the pH meter (mV).</li> <li>FNU - the turbidity of the water (FNU).</li> <li>TSS_mg-L - the total suspended solids (mg/L).</li> <li>BGA_PC_RFU - the phycocyanin fluorescence level which is an indicator of blue-green algae (RFU).</li> <li>BGC_PC_ug-L - the concentration of phycocyanin in the water, which is an indicator of blue-green algae (ug/L).</li> <li>Chl_RFU - the chlorophyll fluorescence level, which is an indicator of phytoplankton biomass (RFU).</li> <li>Chl_ug-L - the concentration of chlorophyll in the water, which is an indicator of phytoplankton biomass (ug/L).</li> <li>fDOM_RFU - the fluorescent DOM fluorescence level (RFU).</li> <li>fDOM_QSU - the standardized fluorescent DOM concentration (QSU).</li> <li>Wiper_V - the voltage output of the wiper (V).</li> <li>Cabel_V - the voltage output of the cable (V).</li> <li>Batt_V - the voltage output of the internal batteries (V).</li> <li>Pressure - the pressure of the water above the pressure transducer (KPa)</li> <li>Temp - the water temperature reported by the pressure transducer (dC)</li> <li>press_mmHg - the pressure of the water above the pressure transducer (mm Hg)</li> <li>BP_mmHg - the barometric pressure recorded by the weather station at the Yellow House (mm Hg)</li> <li>Z_press_trans - the depth of the water above the pressure transducer (cm)</li> <li>Z - the depth of the water above the sediments (cm)</li> </ul>
Data and model code for article "Wildflower phenological escape differs by continent and spring temperature"
<p>This dataset contains seven spreadsheets and one R script. The spreadsheet "NC_Lee_etal_data.xls" contains the master data file associated with the article "Wildflower phenological escape differs by continent and spring temperature", along with a metadata sheet that describes the column names. The other six spreadsheets contain the continent (EA = East Asia, ENA = Eastern North America, and EU = Europe) x lifeform (forbs or trees) specific datasets used in the supplementary models containing spatial autocorrelation terms.</p> <p>The script contains annotated example code to run the models used in the final analysis.</p> <p>Questions about the code or analysis should be directed to the lead author (Benjamin R Lee).</p>
Data from: Spring temperature predicts upstream migration timing of invasive Sacramento pikeminnow within its introduced range
<p>Rapid climate change and invasive species introductions threaten ecological communities across the globe. Freshwaters are particularly vulnerable and impacted, especially when these stresses coincide. We document the migration of an invasive piscine predator, the Sacramento pikeminnow (<em>Ptychocheilus grandis</em>), within its introduced range, the South Fork Eel River, California, USA. Snorkel surveys and temperature monitoring in 2015–2019 showed that pikeminnow migrate upstream during spring and early summer, with earlier migration in warmer years. We developed a statistical temperature model to forecast the timing and extent of upstream migration by pikeminnow under varying combinations of discharge and air temperature. Modeled river temperature increased with air temperature and downstream and decreased with discharge. In years with low discharge and high air temperature, we predict pikeminnow will move upstream earlier, increasing spatial and temporal overlap in their summer range with native fishes. Managing conditions that reduce pikeminnow co-occurrence with native fishes (i.e., decreasing river temperature) could increase the amount and duration of predator-free habitat for native fishes. We predict invasive pikeminnow will have larger impacts on invaded riverine communities with global warming and increasing drought severity. Knowledge of life history and phenology, for pikeminnow and other organisms, can guide effective management as conditions change and help to limit adverse impacts of introduced organisms on native species.</p>
Hull Springs Wetland Water Depth and Temperature Data from 2021-06-11 to 2021-07-16
<pre># General Metadata for Hull Springs Restored Wetland Sampling Station ## Files Specific metadata for each deployment and sensor can be found as text files with the file format of: HS_wetland_DO_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_wetland_pressure_trans_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_wetland_CT_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt Where YYYY-MM-DD is the date that the sampling period ended. NOTE: The metadata in the above file is collected from the data logger and does not have all of fields present in the final data set, because some were created during data cleaning. Details on how the data were cleaned and variables created can be found at in the cleaning scripts on Gitlab [https://gitlab.com/leo147/leo/-/tree/master/lab_notebook/data_processing/cleaning_scripts](https://gitlab.com/leo147/leo/-/tree/master/lab_notebook/data_processing/cleaning_scripts). ## File Created * 2021-06-16 by KF ## File Modified * 2021-07-22 by KF - added general metadata for the pressure transducer and the CT sensor. ## Description These data are from the sampling station in the restored wetland at Hull Springs. The sensors are in the NE corner of the shallow pond portion of the restored wetland (38.119289, -76.667252). All data are CC-BY and should be cited using the DOI available at https://zenodo.org/communities/leo/ ## Station Specifics The specific at each site are: * Temperature (dC) and Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) are collected with a Onset HOBO U26-001 Dissolved Oxygen Logger * Temperature (dC) and Pressure (mmHg) are collected with an Onset HOBO U20-001-01 Water Level Logger * Temperature (dC) and Conductivity are collected with an Onset HOBO U24-001 Conductivity Logger The sensors are sampled every 15 minutes ## Measurement Parameters, units, and Variable Names * date.time - the date and time that the record was collected, reported in POSIX standard time (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) * date.time.adj - the date and time of the pressure measurement that was adjusted to match the barometric pressure measurement from the weather station. * observation - the incremental number of each observation * timestamp - the data and time that the record was collected, as reported by the data logger (MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS A/PM) * DO - the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water (mg/L) * Temp - the temperature of the water (dC) * Pressure - the pressure recorded by the underwater pressure transducer (kPa) * press_mmHg - the pressure recorded by the underwater pressure transducer (mm Hg) * BP_mmHg - the barometric pressure recorded by the weather station at the Yellow House (mm Hg) * Z - the depth of the water at the wetland sampling station (cm) * Low_Range_CT - the conductivity read from 0 - 2500 uS/cm (uS/cm) * Full_Range_CT - the conductivity read from 0 - 15000 uS/cm (mmHg) </pre>
Hull Springs Wetland Dissolved Oxygen and Water Temperature Data from 2021-05-04 to 2021-06-11
<pre># General Metadata for Hull Springs Restored Wetland Sampling Station ## Files Specific metadata for each deployment and sensor can be found as text files with the file format of: HS_wetland_DO_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_wetland_pressure_trans_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_wetland_CT_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt Where YYYY-MM-DD is the date that the sampling period ended. NOTE: The metadata in the above file is collected from the data logger and does not have all of fields present in the final data set, because some were created during data cleaning. Details on how the data were cleaned and variables created can be found at in the cleaning scripts on Gitlab [https://gitlab.com/leo147/leo/-/tree/master/lab_notebook/data_processing/cleaning_scripts](https://gitlab.com/leo147/leo/-/tree/master/lab_notebook/data_processing/cleaning_scripts). ## File Created * 2021-06-16 by KF ## File Modified * 2021-07-22 by KF - added general metadata for the pressure transducer and the CT sensor. ## Description These data are from the sampling station in the restored wetland at Hull Springs. The sensors are in the NE corner of the shallow pond portion of the restored wetland (38.119289, -76.667252). All data are CC-BY and should be cited using the DOI available at https://zenodo.org/communities/leo/ ## Station Specifics The specific at each site are: * Temperature (dC) and Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) are collected with a Onset HOBO U26-001 Dissolved Oxygen Logger * Temperature (dC) and Pressure (mmHg) are collected with an Onset HOBO U20-001-01 Water Level Logger * Temperature (dC) and Conductivity are collected with an Onset HOBO U24-001 Conductivity Logger The sensors are sampled every 15 minutes ## Measurement Parameters, units, and Variable Names * date.time - the date and time that the record was collected, reported in POSIX standard time (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) * date.time.adj - the date and time of the pressure measurement that was adjusted to match the barometric pressure measurement from the weather station. * observation - the incremental number of each observation * timestamp - the data and time that the record was collected, as reported by the data logger (MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS A/PM) * DO - the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water (mg/L) * Temp - the temperature of the water (dC) * Pressure - the pressure recorded by the underwater pressure transducer (mmHg) * Low_Range_CT - the conductivity read from 0 - 2500 uS/cm (uS/cm) * Full_Range_CT - the conductivity read from 0 - 15000 uS/cm (mmHg) </pre>
Hull Springs Wetland Conductivity and Water Temperature Data from 2021-05-04 to 2021-06-11
<pre># General Metadata for Hull Springs Restored Wetland Sampling Station ## Files Specific metadata for each deployment and sensor can be found as text files with the file format of: HS_wetland_DO_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_wetland_pressure_trans_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_wetland_CT_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt Where YYYY-MM-DD is the date that the sampling period ended. NOTE: The metadata in the above file is collected from the data logger and does not have all of fields present in the final data set, because some were created during data cleaning. Details on how the data were cleaned and variables created can be found at in the cleaning scripts on Gitlab [https://gitlab.com/leo147/leo/-/tree/master/lab_notebook/data_processing/cleaning_scripts](https://gitlab.com/leo147/leo/-/tree/master/lab_notebook/data_processing/cleaning_scripts). ## File Created * 2021-06-16 by KF ## File Modified * 2021-07-22 by KF - added general metadata for the pressure transducer and the CT sensor. ## Description These data are from the sampling station in the restored wetland at Hull Springs. The sensors are in the NE corner of the shallow pond portion of the restored wetland (38.119289, -76.667252). All data are CC-BY and should be cited using the DOI available at https://zenodo.org/communities/leo/ ## Station Specifics The specific at each site are: * Temperature (dC) and Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) are collected with a Onset HOBO U26-001 Dissolved Oxygen Logger * Temperature (dC) and Pressure (mmHg) are collected with an Onset HOBO U20-001-01 Water Level Logger * Temperature (dC) and Conductivity are collected with an Onset HOBO U24-001 Conductivity Logger The sensors are sampled every 15 minutes ## Measurement Parameters, units, and Variable Names * date.time - the date and time that the record was collected, reported in POSIX standard time (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) * date.time.adj - the date and time of the pressure measurement that was adjusted to match the barometric pressure measurement from the weather station. * observation - the incremental number of each observation * timestamp - the data and time that the record was collected, as reported by the data logger (MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS A/PM) * DO - the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water (mg/L) * Temp - the temperature of the water (dC) * Pressure - the pressure recorded by the underwater pressure transducer (mmHg) * Low_Range_CT - the conductivity read from 0 - 2500 uS/cm (uS/cm) * Full_Range_CT - the conductivity read from 0 - 15000 uS/cm (mmHg) </pre>
Hull Springs Wetland Water Depth and Water Temperature Data from 2021-05-04 to 2021-06-11
<pre># General Metadata for Hull Springs Restored Wetland Sampling Station ## Files Specific metadata for each deployment and sensor can be found as text files with the file format of: HS_wetland_DO_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_wetland_pressure_trans_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_wetland_CT_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt Where YYYY-MM-DD is the date that the sampling period ended. NOTE: The metadata in the above file is collected from the data logger and does not have all of fields present in the final data set, because some were created during data cleaning. Details on how the data were cleaned and variables created can be found at in the cleaning scripts on Gitlab [https://gitlab.com/leo147/leo/-/tree/master/lab_notebook/data_processing/cleaning_scripts](https://gitlab.com/leo147/leo/-/tree/master/lab_notebook/data_processing/cleaning_scripts). ## File Created * 2021-06-16 by KF ## File Modified * 2021-07-22 by KF - added general metadata for the pressure transducer and the CT sensor. ## Description These data are from the sampling station in the restored wetland at Hull Springs. The sensors are in the NE corner of the shallow pond portion of the restored wetland (38.119289, -76.667252). All data are CC-BY and should be cited using the DOI available at https://zenodo.org/communities/leo/ ## Station Specifics The specific at each site are: * Temperature (dC) and Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) are collected with a Onset HOBO U26-001 Dissolved Oxygen Logger * Temperature (dC) and Pressure (mmHg) are collected with an Onset HOBO U20-001-01 Water Level Logger * Temperature (dC) and Conductivity are collected with an Onset HOBO U24-001 Conductivity Logger The sensors are sampled every 15 minutes ## Measurement Parameters, units, and Variable Names * date.time - the date and time that the record was collected, reported in POSIX standard time (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) * date.time.adj - the date and time of the pressure measurement that was adjusted to match the barometric pressure measurement from the weather station. * observation - the incremental number of each observation * timestamp - the data and time that the record was collected, as reported by the data logger (MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS A/PM) * DO - the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water (mg/L) * Temp - the temperature of the water (dC) * Pressure - the pressure recorded by the underwater pressure transducer (mmHg) * Low_Range_CT - the conductivity read from 0 - 2500 uS/cm (uS/cm) * Full_Range_CT - the conductivity read from 0 - 15000 uS/cm (mmHg) </pre>
Hull Springs Wetland Dissolved Oxygen and Water Temperature Data from 2021-06-11 to 2021-07-16
<pre># General Metadata for Hull Springs Restored Wetland Sampling Station ## Files Specific metadata for each deployment and sensor can be found as text files with the file format of: HS_wetland_DO_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_wetland_pressure_trans_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt HS_wetland_CT_YYYY-MM-DD_metadata.txt Where YYYY-MM-DD is the date that the sampling period ended. NOTE: The metadata in the above file is collected from the data logger and does not have all of fields present in the final data set, because some were created during data cleaning. Details on how the data were cleaned and variables created can be found at in the cleaning scripts on Gitlab [https://gitlab.com/leo147/leo/-/tree/master/lab_notebook/data_processing/cleaning_scripts](https://gitlab.com/leo147/leo/-/tree/master/lab_notebook/data_processing/cleaning_scripts). ## File Created * 2021-06-16 by KF ## File Modified * 2021-07-22 by KF - added general metadata for the pressure transducer and the CT sensor. ## Description These data are from the sampling station in the restored wetland at Hull Springs. The sensors are in the NE corner of the shallow pond portion of the restored wetland (38.119289, -76.667252). All data are CC-BY and should be cited using the DOI available at https://zenodo.org/communities/leo/ ## Station Specifics The specific at each site are: * Temperature (dC) and Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) are collected with a Onset HOBO U26-001 Dissolved Oxygen Logger * Temperature (dC) and Pressure (mmHg) are collected with an Onset HOBO U20-001-01 Water Level Logger * Temperature (dC) and Conductivity are collected with an Onset HOBO U24-001 Conductivity Logger The sensors are sampled every 15 minutes ## Measurement Parameters, units, and Variable Names * date.time - the date and time that the record was collected, reported in POSIX standard time (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) * date.time.adj - the date and time of the pressure measurement that was adjusted to match the barometric pressure measurement from the weather station. * observation - the incremental number of each observation * timestamp - the data and time that the record was collected, as reported by the data logger (MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS A/PM) * DO - the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water (mg/L) * Temp - the temperature of the water (dC) * Pressure - the pressure recorded by the underwater pressure transducer (mmHg) * Low_Range_CT - the conductivity read from 0 - 2500 uS/cm (uS/cm) * Full_Range_CT - the conductivity read from 0 - 15000 uS/cm (mmHg) </pre>
Shifts in flowering phenology in response to spring temperatures in eastern Tennessee
<p>Plant phenological shifts are among the clearest indicators of the effects of climate change. In North America, numerous studies in New England have demonstrated earlier spring flowering compared to historical records. However, few studies have examined phenological shifts in the southeastern United States, a highly biodiverse region of North America characterized by dramatic variation in abiotic conditions over small geographic areas. Here, we use 1000+ digitized herbarium records along with location-specific temperature data to examine phenological shifts of 14 spring-flowering species in two adjacent ecoregions in eastern Tennessee. We show that spring-flowering plant communities in the Blue Ridge and Ridge & Valley ecoregions differ in their sensitivity to temperature; plants in the Ridge & Valley flower 2.7 days earlier/ºC on average compared to 1.3 days/ºC for plants in the Blue Ridge. Additionally, we show that for the majority of species in both ecoregions, flowering is sensitive to spring temperature; i.e., in warmer years, most species flowered earlier. Despite this sensitivity, we did not find support for community-level shifts in flowering within eastern Tennessee in recent decades, likely because increases in annual temperature in the southeast are driven primarily by warming summer (rather than spring) temperatures. These results highlight the importance of including ecoregion as a predictor in phenological models for capturing variation in sensitivity among populations and suggest that even small shifts in temperature can have dramatic effects on phenology in response to climate in the southeastern United States.</p>
Spring temperature drives phenotypic selection on plasticity of flowering time
<p>Data on field observations of flowering time and fitness of the perennial forest herb <em>Lathyrus vernus</em> and on spring temperature from weather station data. The dataset includes 22 years of data (1987–1996 and 2006–2017) from a <em>L. vernus</em> population located in a deciduous forest in Tullgarn, SE Sweden (58.9496 N, 17.6097 E). It includes records from 837 individuals (607 from 1987 to 1996, and 230 from 2006 to 2017), and from 2478 flowering events.</p> <p>The dataset includes the following variables:</p> <p>year: year of the recording</p> <p>id_nr: numeric plant id</p> <p>id: unique plant id (combination of numeric plant id and period)</p> <p>fcode: flowering code (1 if the plant flowered on that year, 0 if not)</p> <p>FFD: First Flowering Date</p> <p>n_fl: number of flowers</p> <p>n_fr: number of fruits</p> <p>totseed: total number of seeds</p> <p>intactseed: total number of intact seeds (not damaged by seed predator beetles)</p> <p>shoot_vol: shoot volume</p> <p>period: old (1987–1996) or new (2006–2017)</p> <p>n_years_fl_fitness: number of years when data on flowering and fitness is available</p> <p>n_years_study: number of years when the plant was included in the study</p> <p>mean_4: Average daily mean temperature of April (calculated from nearby meteorological station data)</p> <p>cmean_4: Mean-centred average daily mean temperature of April</p>
Spring temperature drives phenotypic selection on plasticity of flowering time
<p class="western">In seasonal environments, a high responsiveness of development to increasing temperatures in spring can infer benefits in terms of a longer growing season, but also costs in terms of an increased risk of facing unfavourable weather conditions. Still, we know little about how climatic conditions influence the optimal plastic response. Using 22 years of field observations for the perennial forest herb <em>Lathyrus vernus</em>, we assessed phenotypic selection on among-individual variation in reaction norms of flowering time to spring temperature, and examined if among-year variation in selection on plasticity was associated with spring temperature conditions. We found significant among-individual variation in mean flowering time and flowering time plasticity, and that plants that flowered earlier also had a more plastic flowering time. Selection favoured individuals with an earlier mean flowering time and a lower thermal plasticity of flowering time. Less plastic individuals were more strongly favoured in colder springs, indicating that spring temperature influenced optimal flowering time plasticity. Our results show how selection on plasticity can be linked to climatic conditions, and illustrate how we can understand and predict evolutionary responses of organisms to changing environmental conditions.<span><span> </span></span></p>
Data from: Earlier springs increase goose breeding propensity and nesting success at Arctic but not at temperature latitudes
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>1. Intermittent breeding is an important tactic in long-lived species that trade off survival and reproduction to maximize lifetime reproductive success. When breeding conditions are unfavourable, individuals are expected to skip reproduction to ensure their own survival. <br>2. Breeding propensity (i.e. the probability for a mature female to breed in a given year) is an essential parameter in determining reproductive output and population dynamics, but is not often studied in birds because it is difficult to obtain unbiased estimates. Breeding conditions are especially variable at high latitudes, potentially resulting in a large effect on breeding propensity of Arctic-breeding migratory birds, such as geese. <br>3. With a novel approach, we used GPS-tracking data to determine nest locations, breeding propensity and nesting success of barnacle geese, and studied how these varied with breeding latitude and timing of arrival on the breeding grounds relative to local onset of spring. <br>4. Onset of spring at the breeding grounds was a better predictor of breeding propensity and nesting success than relative timing of arrival. At Arctic latitudes (> 66°), breeding propensity decreased from 0.89 (95% CI: 0.65-0.97) in early springs to 0.22 (95% CI: 0.06-0.55) in late springs, while at temperate latitudes it varied between 0.75 (95% CI: 0.38-0.93) and 0.89 (95% CI:<span> </span>0.41-0.99) regardless of spring phenology. Nesting success followed a similar pattern, and was lower in later springs at Arctic latitudes, but not at temperate latitudes.<span> </span>In early springs, a larger proportion of geese started breeding despite arriving late relative to the onset of spring, possibly because the early spring enabled them to use local resources to fuel egg laying and incubation. <br>5. While earlier springs due to climate warming are considered to have mostly negative repercussions on reproductive success through phenological mismatches, our results suggest that these effects may partly be offset by higher breeding propensity and nesting success.</span></p>
Data from: The duration of high spring light for understory plants: contrasting responses to spatial and temporal temperature variation
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Data from: Spring temperature predicts upstream migration timing of invasive Sacramento pikeminnow within its introduced range
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Spring temperature drives phenotypic selection on plasticity of flowering time
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