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65 results for “stable isotope analysis”
PIE LTER, stable isotope chemistry (carbon, nitrogen and sulfur) for food web analysis of functional groups in the Plum Island Sound Estuary, Massachusetts.
Stable isotopes of primary producers will be compared to stable isotopes of functional groups of organisms at primarily three sites within the estuary that have different dominant sources of organic matter. The three sites are: Lower (IBYC, SO-3, mouth of Plum Island Sound, 2-3 km upstream of the mouth of the estuary), Middle (OTL, PR-10.1, upper Sound, lower Parker, 8-11 km upstream of the mouth of the estuary) and Upper (P2, PR-21.9, upper Parker, above Middle Rd Bridge (22 km upstream of the mouth of the estuary). The Lower site is dominated by marine phytoplankton, the Middle site is dominated by a mixture of salt marsh and phytoplankton and the Upper site is dominated by oligohaline phytoplankton and fresh marsh. Ten functional groups will be sampled at each site (Surface sediment, benthic diatoms, Nereis, mummichog, ribbed mussels, POM, blue mussels, pelagic copepods (Acartia), silversides and soft shell clams (Mya). Marsh, benthic algae and phytoplankton inputs or benthic vs. pelagic pathways will be evident in the isotopic signals of these functional groups. Samples will be collected between the middle and end of August to reflect a growing season using recently produced OM. Samples of 15 – 20 individuals will be pooled for analysis. Some silverside samplings will have 3 different pooled samples for determination of variance. Often times the same species are not collected at each site due to habitat differences (salinity/discharge) so additional species are collected to try to accomplish task of getting functional groups collected.
Blue Mussel Stable Isotope Analysis on Islands of the Virginia Coast
Blue Mussel Stable Isotope Analysis on Islands of the Virginia Coast As climate change causes ocean temperatures to rise, some intertidal organisms, like blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), are retreating northward. Species that consume blue mussels, like the federally-threatened red knot (Calidris canutus rufa), may be negatively affected by this range contraction. We investigated the variation in blue mussel abundance from 2010 - 2018 on Virginia's barrier islands, where migrating red knots eat recently settled blue mussels, and compared the oxygen isotopic composition of blue mussel shell calcite (delta^18Oc; n = 74) to delta^18Oc, which is calculated to be in equilibrium with regional ocean water, to predict their origins. During peak red knot migration (May 14 - 27), between 34 - 538 blue mussels were available/core sample, with blue mussel abundance decreasing over time. Stable isotope analyses indicated that shell umbo delta^18Oc (mean = -0.23o/oo, SE = 0.12) was more ^18O enriched than shell edge delta^18Oc (mean = -0.53 o/oo, SE = 0.10). Blue mussel umbo delta^18Oc was not different than the range of delta^18Oc calculated in equilibrium with regional ocean water off the Virginia and Delaware coasts. Umbo delta^18Oc was more ^18O enriched than the expected estuarine signature at the Delaware Bay's mouth, precluding an estuarine origin, and more ^16O enriched than the expected delta^18Oc off New Hampshire's coast, likely precluding an origin that far north. We concluded that Virginia's juvenile blue mussels likely originated in the regional ocean between the Delaware Bay and Virginia. Continued increases in regional sea surface temperature may further affect the availability of blue mussels to foraging red knots in Virginia.
Exploring variability in the diet of depredating sperm whales in the Gulf of Alaska through stable isotope analysis
Sperm whales interact with commercially important groundfish fisheries offshore in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This study aims to use stable isotope analysis to better understand the trophic variability of sperm whales and their potential prey, and to use dietary mixing models to estimate the importance of prey species to sperm whale diets. We analyzed tissue samples from sperm whales and seven potential prey (five groundfish and two squid species). Samples were analyzed for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, and diet composition was estimated using Bayesian isotopic mixing models. Mixing model results suggest that an isotopically combined sablefish/dogfish group, skates, and rockfish make up the largest proportion of sperm whale diets (35%, 28% and 12%) in the GOA. The top prey items of whales that interact more frequently with fishing vessels consisted of skates (49%) and the sablefish/dogfish group (24%). This is the first known study to provide an isotopic baseline of adult male sperm whales and these adult groundfish and offshore squid species, and to assign contributions of prey to whale diets in the GOA. This study provides information to commercial fishermen and fisheries managers to better understand trophic connections of important commercial species.
Stable isotope analysis reveals shifts in diet of a breeding montane bird
<p><span>Insectivorous breeding birds require access to high quality prey to produce a successful nest. A lack of suitable prey (e.g., low nutritional quality or low invertebrate availability) that fulfill energetic demands can negatively affect nestling growth and survival. In high elevation ecosystems (>900 m), cooler and wetter climates can have negative influences on invertebrate availability which in turn can affect bird diets. Yet we lack studies of how diet composition changes over elevation gradients. Here, we assessed the diet of Swainson's Thrush (<em>Catharus ustulaus</em>) within the White Mountains, New Hampshire using stable isotope analysis and DNA metabarcoding. We found that the proportion of detritivore arthropods in thrush diets increased with elevation, while the proportion of predatory arthropods and overall niche-width declined. Further, we show that high-elevation thrushes had diets that were different in composition, but similar in diversity to thrushes at low-elevation sites. Lepidoptera, araneae, and coleoptera were important diet items across all elevations, but increases in woodlice and ghost spiders contributed to familial-level differences in diet composition at high-elevation sites. This research suggests montane breeding birds may be consuming low quality prey (i.e., millipedes) at high elevation sites, due to either availability or preference. With considerations due to climate change, environmental contamination, and residual impacts on the diet and nutrient availability for breeding montane birds, understanding diet composition changes along environmental gradients can provide information on nutrient availability for species that breed in harsh climatic conditions. Future work on invertebrate availability and nutritional composition, daily energy expenditure, and dietary niche would help contribute to important context to conserving montane birds within these sensitive, high elevation systems. </span></p>
Diet composition based on stable isotopic analysis of fecal samples revealed the preference of Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) for natural wetlands and fishponds
<p><span>Background:</span><span> Black-faced spoonbill (BFS) is a global endangered species, distributed only in the coastal zones of East Asia. Xinghua Bay is one of the main wintering sites and migration stopovers of BFS in mainland China. However, </span><span>with the </span><span>reduction and degradation of natural wetlands, it is uncertain whether the constructed wetland can provide habitat for the endangered BFS. Research on diet of BFS will help to understand their preference between natural and artificial wetlands, and also provide reference for their conservation and habitat restoration. </span></p> <p><span>Results:</span><span> In the early winter, the proportion of Palaemonidae in BFS's food was as high as 74.4%, while that of other food was only 3.0% to 6.0%. In the late winter, the food contribution of BFS was as follow: Portunidae </span><span>39.3% </span><span>> Palaemonidae </span><span>26.1% </span><span>> Cyprinidae </span><span>8.8% </span><span>></span> <span>Mugilidae </span><span>8.5% </span><span>> Gobiidae </span><span>7.3% </span><span>></span> <span>Crucian </span><span>5.1% </span><span>> Whiteshrimp </span><span>4.8%</span><span>. The proportion of Portunidae exceeded that of Palaemonidae, and together with Palaemonidae, it has become the main food of BFS in late winter. </span></p> <p><span>Conclusion: </span><span>The diet composition of BFS between the early and late winter was significantly different, which may be due to seasonal changes in food resources. Natural wetlands are the main feeding grounds of BFS, but artificial wetlands also provide them with supplementary feeding grounds and resting places. Aquaculture ponds play an important ecological function in maintaining the overwintering population of BFS in Xinghua Bay.</span></p>
Can diet composition estimates using stable isotope analysis of feathers predict growth and condition in nestling mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides)
<p>Insectivorous birds breeding in seasonal environments provision their dependent young during periods when prey diversity and abundance vary. Consequently, the composition and nutritional value of diets parents feed to their offspring may differ within and among broods, potentially affecting the condition of nestlings. In a population of mountain bluebirds (<i>Sialia currucoides</i>), we used two methods to estimate diet composition for individual nestlings: direct observation of provisioning using video recordings at 5 and 9 days post-hatch, and stable isotopes of the δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N in nestling feathers and prey followed by analysis with mixing models. We determined the macronutrient content (% fat and lean mass) and estimated the metabolized energy from each type of prey. We evaluated whether different methods of estimating diet composition would produce similar results, and if the types of prey nestlings ate at one or both ages affected their morphology, growth rates, or blood ketone concentration. We found that bluebirds fed their young 5 main types of prey: beetles, cicadas, grasshoppers, insect larvae, and spiders. Both observational and mixing model estimates of diet composition indicated that larvae are traded-off with grasshoppers, and that fewer larvae are provided to nestlings as the season progresses. In evaluating how diet influences individual growth and condition, estimates from direct observations had greater explanatory power than those from mixing models, indicating that diets rich in the most energy-dense prey (greatest fat content; cicadas and larvae) were associated with larger size and higher body condition, and faster rate of mass gain and growth of tarsus. Lower value prey had more limited, specific effects on nestlings, but may still be important dietary components. While isotopic methods produced estimates of diet composition that were generally informative, when applied to explain the growth and condition of nestlings they proved less useful. </p>
Fig. 2 in Enhanced understanding of ectoparasite-host trophic linkages on coral reefs through stable isotope analysis
Fig. 2. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data for Haemulon flavolineatum blood vs. P3 (A and B), blood vs. adult gnathiids (C and D), and P3 vs. adult gnathiids (E and F). Solid triangles represent males and P3s, open triangles represent females. Error bars represent 1 SE of N = 5 individual P3 gnathiids analysed from each fish. Dashed line represents 1:1 linear relationship.
Fig. 1 in Enhanced understanding of ectoparasite-host trophic linkages on coral reefs through stable isotope analysis
Fig. 1. Mean δ13C and δ15N (±1 Standard Error) values of gnathiids (open squares), (A) Haemulon flavolineatum heart (grey diamond), blood (white diamond), and muscle (black diamond), Pederson shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni, open triangle), and Anilocra isopods (cross), (B) Stegastes diencaeus heart (grey diamond), and muscle (black diamond), and Pederson shrimp (open triangle), and (c) Holocentrus adscenscionis heart (grey diamond), and muscle (black diamond), and Anilocra isopods (cross).
Fig. 2 in Parasites in Myodes glareolus and their association with diet assessed by stable isotope analysis
Fig. 2. The relationship between parasite intensity and δ 15N values for the mite Listrophorus brevipes in September (S1) and October (S2) samples of Myodes glareolus. Note the log-scale for parasite abundance.
Fig. 3 in Parasites in Myodes glareolus and their association with diet assessed by stable isotope analysis
Fig. 3. The average Pearsons Correlation Coefficient (error bars: SE) between abundance and δ 13C and δ 15N for the two parasite groups: ecto and endoparasite for females (left) and males (right). The data includes 13 parasites occurring on 5 or more individuals and indicate consistent correlations for endoparasites and δ 15 N, while this is not the case for δ 13C.
Fig. 1 in Parasites in Myodes glareolus and their association with diet assessed by stable isotope analysis
Fig. 1. The relationship between δ 13C and δ 15N values for the 21 Myodes glareolus sampled from Kongelunden Denmark in September (S1) and October (S2). The rodents present great variation in isotope values.
Fig. 1 in Stable isotope analysis spills the beans about spatial variance in trophic structure in a fish host - parasite system from the Vaal River System, South Africa
Fig. 1. Map of the Vaal River showing the position of sampling sites (I: below Grootdraai Dam; II: Vaal Dam; III: below Vaal River Barrage; IV: Bloemhof Dam; V: below Vaalharts Weir; VI: Douglas Weir) along the Vaal River. The block (B) indicates the position of the Vaal River within South Africa and insert A indicates the position of South Africa shaded on the African continent.
Acid fractionation during carbonate digestion with phosphoric acid – Assessment of two different techniques applied for clumped and stable isotope analysis using a Tuneable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectrometer (TILDAS) [dataset]
<p>Date files : </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p>Data 1 (Relationship between Mixing ratio difference of sample and WRG and D638 value).xlsx;Data 2 (Role of bulk isotope composition (δ628 & δ636) on Δ638).xlsx;Data 3 (CDES scale conversion).xlsx;Data 4 (VPDB scale conversion for d628 and d636).xlsx;Data 5 (Reference material values).xlsx;Data 6 (Break seal method acid fractionation factor of calcite).xlsx;Data 7 (IAB method acid fractionation factor of calcite).xlsx</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Stable isotope analysis reveals shifts in diet of a breeding montane bird
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Exploring variability in the diet of depredating sperm whales in the Gulf of Alaska through stable isotope analysis
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Supporting data for tiger beetle stable isotope analysis
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Can diet composition estimates using stable isotope analysis of feathers predict growth and condition in nestling mountain bluebirds (Sialia currucoides)
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Diet composition based on stable isotopic analysis of fecal samples revealed the preference of Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) for natural wetlands and fishponds
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Tracking long-distance migration of marine fishes using compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids
The long-distance migrations by marine fishes are difficult to track by field observation. Here, we propose a new method to track such migrations using stable nitrogen isotopic composition at the base of the food web (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub>), which allows for direct comparison of isotope ratios between proxy organisms of the isoscape and the target migratory animal. We initially constructed a <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub> isoscape in the North Pacific by bulk and compound-specific isotope analyses of copepods (<i>n</i> = 360 and 24, respectively). We then determined retrospective <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N<sub>Base</sub> values of spawning chum salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus keta</i>) from their vertebral centra (10 sections from each of two salmon), and estimated their migration routes by using a state-space model. Our isotope tracking method successfully reproduced a known chum salmon migration route between the Okhotsk and Bering seas, and our findings suggest the presence of a migration route to the Bering Sea Shelf during a later growth stage.
Data from: Spider webs, stable isotopes and molecular gut content analysis: multiple lines of evidence support trophic niche differentiation in a community of Hawaiian spiders
1. Adaptive radiations are typically characterized by niche partitioning among their constituent species. Trophic niche partitioning is particularly important in predatory animals, which rely on limited food resources for survival. 2. We test for trophic niche partitioning in an adaptive radiation of Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiders, which have diversified in situ on the Hawaiian Islands. We focus on a community of nine species belonging to two different clades, one web building and the other actively hunting, which co-occur in wet forest on East Maui. We hypothesize that trophic niches differ significantly both 1) among species within a clade, indicating food resource partitioning, and 2) between the two clades, corresponding with their differences in foraging strategy. 3. To assess niches of the spider species, we measure a) web architecture, the structure of the hunting tool, and b) site choice, the physical placement of the web in the habitat. We then test whether differences in these parameters translate into meaningful differences in trophic niche by measuring c) stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen in the spiders' tissues, and d) gut content of spiders based on metabarcoding data. 4. We find significant interspecific differences in web architecture and site choice. Importantly, these differences are reflected in stable isotope signatures among the five web-building species, as well as significant isotopic differences between web-builders and active hunters. Gut content data also show interspecific and inter-clade differences. Pairwise overlaps of web architecture between species are positively correlated with overlaps of isotopic signature. 5. Our results reveal trophic niche partitioning among species within each clade, as well as between the web-building and actively hunting clades. Based on the correlation between web architecture and stable isotopes, it appears that the isotopic signatures of spiders' tissues are influenced by architectural differences among their webs. Our findings indicate an important link between web structure, microhabitat preference and diet in the Hawaiian Tetragnatha.
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