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23 results for “stand dynamics”
Long-term Stand Dynamics in Central Massachusetts 1500-2000
The long-term impact of human land-use is among the most important factors influencing the development of vegetation in New England, a region which experienced extensive agricultural clearance in the 19th century and subsequent reforestation during this century. We employed stand-level pollen stratigraphies and tree-ring chronologies to examine the post-settlement dynamics of hemlock stands which have never been pastured or plowed, representing among the least disturbed parts of the central Massachusetts landscape. Although the sites are currently dominated by large Tsuga canadensis individuals and give the impression of great age and stability, our results indicate that they have dynamic developmental histories driven by exogenous disturbance factors, including logging, forest pathogens, catastrophic wind disturbance, and fire. Sites containing pre-settlement pollen assemblages indicate stand compositions at this time which were substantially different from each other and from modern assemblages. Pollen assemblages similar to those of modern stands were not established in any of our sites until the 20th century and the mechanisms by which these assemblages arose was considerably different in each stand, indicating great flexibility of forest response to a variety of disturbance types.
Stand structure and tree population dynamic attribute dataset of long abandoned strict forest reserves
<p>We provide an integrated dataset of two consecutive forest inventories, both containing plot-level, and individual tree-level data. The first provides the descriptions and measuring units (or categories) of plot-level variables (Table 1). The plot level table contains 233 records (rows), one for each selected permanent plot of six strict forest reserves located in Hungary. This dataset is georeferenced and contains information on inventories and basic stand structure attributes (Table_1_Plots ESRI shape format). </p> <p>The individual tree-level datasets were acquired by the sampling procedure, detailed in section 2.2. Species, dendrometric attributes, relative crown position, health, and decay status were documented for each tree belonging to the samples. Table 2 provides the descriptions and measuring units (or categories) of tree-level datasets in detail. Furthermore, it provides a tree history classification based on the interpretation of tree status changes. According to a simple scheme of the life and dead history of a tree, it could be classified into four main phases: establishment/regeneration phase; developmental phase; death and gradual decay of the tree trunk; terminated in decomposed/disintegrated state. The main events along these phases are ingrowth regeneration; death of the tree (mortality); disaggregation and decomposition of deadwood. We classify each sampled tree individuals into tree history categories (events and phases, Table 3) that can provide population dynamic aspects at stand level by appropriate tree aggregation functions.</p> <p>Relational link can be set between the plot-level and tree-level datasets based on the unique identification code of the site and sampling plots.</p>
Carbon Dynamics Along a Permafrost Gradient at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: Forest stand structure in a 75x75m spatial domain along a permafrost and vegetation gradient.
This dataset includes forest stand structure. Project summary: Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) is a key canopy structural characteristic, a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and an important input into many terrestrial process models. Although many studies have examined SLA variation, relatively few data exist from high latitude, climate-sensitive permafrost regions. We measured SLA and soil and topographic properties across a boreal forest permafrost transition, in which forest composition changed as permafrost deepened from 54 to >150 cm over 75 m hillslope transects in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, Alaska. This is an exploratory study to begin understanding SLA variation and controls thereof in a non-contiguous permafrost system.
Stand Dynamics and Radial Growth Measurements from Old-Growth and Secondary-Growth Forests at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory and Joyce Kilmer Wilderness Area
Our objectives were to define disturbance causes, rates (percent disturbance per decade), magnitudes and frequency (time since last disturbance) for both secondary and old-growth mixed-oak stands, and to determine if all mixed oak stands experience similar disturbance history.
Aboveground Standing Crop Biomass:Nutrient Network A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Temporal nitrogen dynamics in intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development
<p>Forest production is strongly dependent on nutrient uptake; however, sustainable management of intensively managed plantations requires an improved understanding of this relationship when fertilization occurs frequently across short rotations. Here, we studied temporal nitrogen (N) concentration ([N]) and content (Nc) dynamics under different silvicultural practices (herbicide, fertilization, and planting density) throughout early loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i>) stand development (5 years). We describe relationships of [N] and Nc of different stand components (foliage, branches, stem, roots, and competing vegetation) with carbon and biomass. Our results demonstrate that [N] of perennial loblolly tissues do not respond to silvicultural practices and progressively decrease through development. While foliar [N] was most responsive to resource availability, it was not consistent across time. Controlling competing vegetation was crucial to promote the use of site resources by the crop tree and increased loblolly Nc by >500%. However, increased N uptake and expedited growth is dependent upon fertilization early in stand development. At age 5,<i> </i>herbicide<i> </i>plus <i>reduced </i>and <i>full </i>fertilization<i> </i>rates exhibited similar aboveground Nc, which was 32% higher than with <i>herbicide only</i>. Increasing planting density resulted in increased above- and belowground loblolly Nc; however, increases in Nc were not proportional with increases in planting density. Net primary productivity and N uptake were linearly related, but age/development strongly controlled N use efficiency. Our study helps to understand complex relationships between N, biomass, and silvicultural practices during early stand development and demonstrates that temporal evaluation of nutrient dynamics is crucial to better understand loblolly pine growth, carbon sequestration potential, and to inform sustainable silvicultural practices across short rotations.</p>
Data from: forest stand dynamics of a short-stature tree species: ecological knowledge for sustainable forest management
<p>This data set is a forest inventory of <em>Nothofagus antarctica</em> in southern Chile. More than 20 sites were selected. In each site, parallel transects were set and every 30 m a sampling point was set where the distance to the nearest four trees (in accordance with the cardinal points) were measured.</p>
Temporal nitrogen dynamics in intensively managed loblolly pine early stand development
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Data from: White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) exclusion shifts soil carbon dynamics in mature oak-dominated and hemlock-dominated forest stands
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Data from: A literature synthesis resolves litter intrinsic constraints on fungal dynamics and decomposition across standing dead macrophytes
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Data from: forest stand dynamics of a short-stature tree species: ecological knowledge for sustainable forest management
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Data from: Fitness dynamics within a poplar hybrid zone: I. Prezygotic and postzygotic barriers impacting a native poplar hybrid stand.
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Supplementary material 2 from: Standovár T, Horváth S, Aszalós R (2017) Temporal changes in vegetation of a virgin beech woodland remnant: stand-scale stability with intensive fine-scale dynamics governed by stand dynamic events. Nature Conservation 17: 35-56. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.17.12251
Map showing canopy trees in the study area. :
Supplementary material 1 from: Standovár T, Horváth S, Aszalós R (2017) Temporal changes in vegetation of a virgin beech woodland remnant: stand-scale stability with intensive fine-scale dynamics governed by stand dynamic events. Nature Conservation 17: 35-56. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.17.12251
Map showing the position of sampling plots in 1996 and 2013 :
Don't stand so close to me: microbiota-facilitated enemy release dynamics in introduced Onthophagus taurus dung beetles.
<p>Microbial symbionts can influence their hosts in stunningly diverse ways. Emerging research suggests that an underappreciated facet of these relationships is the influence microbes can have on their host's responses to novel, or stressful, environmental conditions. We sought to address these and related questions in populations resulting from the recent introduction and subsequent rapid range expansion of <i>Onthophagus taurus</i> dung beetles. Specifically, we manipulated both microbial communities and rearing temperature to detect signatures of developmental and life history differentiation in response to the local thermal conditions in two populations derived from the southern-most (Florida) and northern-most (Michigan) extremes of the exotic Eastern U.S. range of <i>O. taurus</i>. We then sought to determine the contributions, if any, of host-associated microbiota to this differentiation. We found that when reared under common garden conditions individuals from Florida and Michigan populations differed significantly in developmental performance measures and life history traits, consistent with population divergence. At the same time, and contrary to our predictions, we failed to find support for the hypothesis that animals perform better if reared at temperatures that match their location of origin, and that performance differences may be mediated by host-associated microbiota. Instead, we found that microbiome swapping across host populations improved developmental performance in both populations, consistent with enemy release dynamics. We discuss the implications of our results for our understanding of the rapid spread of exotic <i>O. taurus </i>through the Eastern US, and the significance of symbiosis in host responses to novel environmental conditions more broadly.</p>
Don’t stand so close to me: microbiota-facilitated enemy release dynamics in introduced Onthophagus taurus dung beetles.
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Data from: Century-long tree population dynamics in a deciduous forest stand in central Sweden
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Biome-BGC: Modeling Carbon Dynamics in Ponderosa Pine Stands (Law et al. 2003)
This archived model product contains the directions, executables, and procedures for running Biome-BGC, Version 4.1.2, to recreate the results of Law BE, Sun OJ, Campbell J, Van Tuyl S, Thornton PE, 2003. Changes in carbon storage and fluxes in a chronosequence of ponderosa pine. Global Change Biology, 9(4), 510-514.Law et al. 2003 excerpt: Abstract Forest development following stand-replacing disturbance influences a variety of ecosystem processes including carbon exchange with the atmosphere. On a series of ponderosa pine (Pinius ponderosa var. Laws.) stands ranging from 9 to > 300 years in central Oregon, USA, we used biological measurements to estimate carbon storage in vegetation and soil pools, net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) to examine variation with stand age. Measurements were made in 2000 on a chronosequence of 12 ponderosa pine stands. Total ecosystem carbon storage and the fraction of ecosystem carbon in aboveground wood mass increased rapidly until 150-200 years, and did not decline in older stands. Forest inventory data on 950 ponderosa pine plots in Oregon show that the greatest proportion of plots exist in stands ~ 100 years old, indicating that a majority of stands are approaching maximum carbon storage and net carbon uptake. Our data suggests that NEP averages ~ 70 g C m-2 year-1 for ponderosa pine forests in Oregon. About 85% of the total carbon storage in biomass on the survey plots exists in stands greater than 100 years, which has implications for managing forests for carbon sequestration. To investigate variation in carbon storage and fluxes with disturbance, simulation with process models requires a dynamic parameterization for biomass allocation that depends on stand age, and should include a representation of competition between multiple plant functional types for space, water, and nutrients.
Data from: Fine root dynamics in lodgepole pine and white spruce stands along productivity gradients in reclaimed oil sands sites
Open-pit mining activities in the oil sands region of Alberta, Canada, create disturbed lands that, by law, must be reclaimed to a land capability equivalent to that existed before the disturbance. Re-establishment of forest cover will be affected by the production and turnover rate of fine roots. However, the relationship between fine root dynamics and tree growth has not been studied in reclaimed oil sands sites. Fine root properties (root length density, mean surface area, total root biomass, and rates of root production, turnover, and decomposition) were assessed from May to October 2011 and 2012 using sequential coring and ingrowth core methods in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss) stands. The pine and spruce stands were planted on peat mineral soil mix placed over tailings sand and overburden substrates, respectively, in reclaimed oil sands sites in Alberta. We selected stands that form a productivity gradient (low, medium, and high productivities) of each tree species based on differences in tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH) increments. In lodgepole pine stands, fine root length density and fine root production, and turnover rates were in the order of high > medium > low productivity sites and were positively correlated with tree height and DBH and negatively correlated with soil salinity (P < 0.05). In white spruce stands, fine root surface area was the only parameter that increased along the productivity gradient and was negatively correlated with soil compaction. In conclusion, fine root dynamics along the stand productivity gradients were closely linked to stand productivity and were affected by limiting soil properties related to the specific substrate used for reconstructing the reclaimed soil. Understanding the impact of soil properties on fine root dynamics and overall stand productivity will help improve land reclamation outcomes.
Post-Physical Therapy Extension of In-Home Dynamic Standing Table Use in Parkinson Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03045211. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.