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33 results for “stand structures”
Structure of Ant Communities in Declining Hemlock Stands at Harvard Forest 2003
In biomass and ecological dominance, ants are the most important invertebrate taxon in terrestrial ecosystems and they can alter significantly fundamental processes and dynamics of soil ecosystems. Relative to deciduous stands, hemlock stands are depauperate in ant species that are linked to differences in rates of soil turnover and nutrient mineralization between these forest types. In both hemlock and deciduous stands, we will document ant species richness and abundance; assess their role in soil nutrient cycling; determine temporal trajectories of ant community assembly as hemlock declines following woolly adelgid infestation, and is subsequently replaced by birch; and discover how these trajectories influence nutrient availability during this transition. For more details see: Ellison, A. M., J. Chen, D. Dz, C. Kammerer-Burnham, and M. Lau. 2005. Changes in ant community structure and composition associated with hemlock decline in New England. Pages 280-289 in B. Onken and R. Reardon, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern United States. US Department of Agriculgure - US Forest Service - Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Radiative transfer modeling in structurally-complex stands: what aspects matter most?: Dataset
<p>This repository is linked to the paper "Radiative transfer modeling in structurally-complex stands: what aspects matter most?" submitted to Annals of Forest Science and written by Frédéric ANDRÉ (corresponding author), Louis DE WERGIFOSSE, François DE COLIGNY, Nicolas BEUDEZ, Gauthier LIGOT, Vincent GAUTHRAY-GUYÉNET, Benoit COURBAUD and Mathieu JONARD.</p> <p>The repository contains the three following files :</p> <ul> <li>CalibrationResults.csv: Bayes factors and summary statistics of parameter estimates for each calibration run</li> <li>ParameterPosteriorDistributions.csv: median values and 90% credible intervals for the parameter posterior distributions</li> <li>StatisticalComparison.csv: statistics (Fractional bias, Root mean square error, Paired Student test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Parameters of the Deming regression between observed and predicted values) used to compare the 'Best model configurations'</li> </ul> <p>For more information concerning this repository or the study, please do not hesitate to contact Frédéric ANDRÉ (frederic.andre@uclouvain.be) or Mathieu JONARD (mathieu.jonard@uclouvain.be).</p>
Stand structure and tree population dynamic attribute dataset of long abandoned strict forest reserves
<p>We provide an integrated dataset of two consecutive forest inventories, both containing plot-level, and individual tree-level data. The first provides the descriptions and measuring units (or categories) of plot-level variables (Table 1). The plot level table contains 233 records (rows), one for each selected permanent plot of six strict forest reserves located in Hungary. This dataset is georeferenced and contains information on inventories and basic stand structure attributes (Table_1_Plots ESRI shape format). </p> <p>The individual tree-level datasets were acquired by the sampling procedure, detailed in section 2.2. Species, dendrometric attributes, relative crown position, health, and decay status were documented for each tree belonging to the samples. Table 2 provides the descriptions and measuring units (or categories) of tree-level datasets in detail. Furthermore, it provides a tree history classification based on the interpretation of tree status changes. According to a simple scheme of the life and dead history of a tree, it could be classified into four main phases: establishment/regeneration phase; developmental phase; death and gradual decay of the tree trunk; terminated in decomposed/disintegrated state. The main events along these phases are ingrowth regeneration; death of the tree (mortality); disaggregation and decomposition of deadwood. We classify each sampled tree individuals into tree history categories (events and phases, Table 3) that can provide population dynamic aspects at stand level by appropriate tree aggregation functions.</p> <p>Relational link can be set between the plot-level and tree-level datasets based on the unique identification code of the site and sampling plots.</p>
Dataset (81 forest parcels) supplementing the publication "Owner attitudes and landscape parameters drive stand structure and valuable habitats in small-scale private forests of Lower Saxony (Germany)"
<p>The dataset about 81 small-scale private forest parcels contains the answer variables and predictors used in the publication "Owner attitudes and landscape parameters drive stand structure and valuable habitats in small-scale private forests of Lower Saxony (Germany)".</p>
Tree stand structure summary at Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest LTER sites
We measure trees and shrubs within 50 x 60 m permanent plots at LTER research sites within the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest, as a means to monitor vegetation change and to estimate productivity. The 27 LTER research sites represent three replicates each of six successional stages of primary succession on the floodplain of the Tanana River and three stages of succession following wildfire in the uplands. All trees and tall shrubs within the plot are stem mapped, and the dbh is measured at least every 5 years. The condition of each tree is assessed at the time of measurement and following major disturbance events. Band dendrometers have been placed on select trees at each site where applicable. Litterfall and seedfall are collected and measured annually. White spruce seedlings are mapped and their heights measured every 2 years within the tree plots at younger successional stages. The DBH of alders and willows are measured. Shrub heights are measured annually at young floodplain stands. Changes in species composition through succession are a function of life history traits modified by facilitative and competitive interactions. Vegetation-caused changes in resource (light, nutrients, and moisture)availability during succession control vegetation biomass, productivity, and organic matter and nutrient distribution.
Carbon Dynamics Along a Permafrost Gradient at Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in Interior Alaska: Forest stand structure in a 75x75m spatial domain along a permafrost and vegetation gradient.
This dataset includes forest stand structure. Project summary: Specific leaf area (SLA, leaf area per unit dry mass) is a key canopy structural characteristic, a measure of photosynthetic capacity, and an important input into many terrestrial process models. Although many studies have examined SLA variation, relatively few data exist from high latitude, climate-sensitive permafrost regions. We measured SLA and soil and topographic properties across a boreal forest permafrost transition, in which forest composition changed as permafrost deepened from 54 to >150 cm over 75 m hillslope transects in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed, Alaska. This is an exploratory study to begin understanding SLA variation and controls thereof in a non-contiguous permafrost system.
Masting is shaped by tree-level attributes and stand structure, more than climate, in a Rocky Mountain conifer species
<p>Many tree species mast, meaning seed production is highly variable from year to year and synchronous within a stand, but this phenomenon remains poorly understood. To better understand how a changing climate, altered disturbance regimes, or novel management strategies might affect future seed production, we quantified the joint influence of both biotic (tree size, age, and neighborhood competition) and abiotic factors (climate and weather) on seed production in a widespread conifer species, Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine (<em>Pinus ponderosa</em> var. <em>scopulorum</em>). We reconstructed individual-level annual cone production across a large portion of this species' range using the cone abscission scar method, and mixed models were used to test hypotheses related to the causes and drivers of masting in this species. Our results suggest that masting in ponderosa pine is a process shaped at the individual-level, and this leads to high, local-scale variation in annual cone production. The effects of weather were strongest at climatically marginal sites, but overall, the joint effects of weather and climate only weakly described individual-level patterns of annual cone production in ponderosa pine (R<sup>2</sup><sub>m</sub> = 1.6%, R<sup>2</sup><sub>c</sub> = 30.1%). Rather, we found that masting was strongly influenced by tree- and stand-level factors such as diameter, age, and local neighborhood density, all of which were associated with the mean, interannual variability, and between-tree synchrony of cone production at the individual-level. Larger and older trees produced more cones, more frequently, and with less synchrony than smaller and younger trees. Open-grown trees experiencing lower levels of neighborhood competition also produced more cones with less interannual variability, but with higher between-tree synchrony. Because tree- and stand-level traits appear to regulate seed production more strongly than climate or weather in this species, management interventions targeting these factors could be powerful tools to manage future tree recruitment. Thus, current efforts to reduce stand density and conserve large trees in some ponderosa pine forests may enhance tree-level seed production and reduce variability in seed crops among years.</p>
Masting is shaped by tree-level attributes and stand structure, more than climate, in a Rocky Mountain conifer species
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Water budget components and forest structure in burned and unburned longleaf pine stands, the Jones Center at Ichauway, Southwest Georgia, USA, 2015 - 2021
This data package includes data tables used to assemble a stand-level water budget of the longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem in southwestern Georgia, USA, between 2015 and 2021. Water budgets were estimated by measuring or modeling each distinct water budget component. Thus, the data tables included in the package are generally divided by stratum (i.e. overstory, midstory, vegetative groundcover, litter layer) and/or process (i.e. evaporation or transpiration). Relevant forest structure data is also included; they are often presented in tables alongside estimates of transpiration. Much of the data were collected across a soil moisture gradient, at both mesic and xeric sites, and in stands treated with different fire regimes: frequent prescribed fire (FF) or fire exclusion (EX). For some data, site or treatment may not be specified if the data were not collected for comparative purposes, but rather as representative baseline data for models that would be applied across sites and treatments. Transpiration data contained within this package include: 1) seasonal averages of daily sap-flux for pines and oaks measured with thermal dissipation probes 2) daily and seasonal transpiration for individual trees 3) seasonal transpiration for functional groups of shrubs and small trees 4) seasonal transpiration of groundcover functional groups Evaporation data contained within this package include: 1) Continuously-measured canopy interception and throughfall 2) overstory stemflow 3) midstory stemflow 3) groundcover interception and throughfall 4) litter moisture content data paired with time since rain (to develop litter drying curves), and 5) litter moisture content data paired with recent rain event depth (to develop litter wetting curves) Forest structure data contained within this package include: 1) Annual measures of tree DBH 2) Biannual estimates of small tree and shrub DBH, by functional group 3) Monthly estimates of groundcover functional group leaf area index 4) Monthly
Data from: Relict stands of Central European oaks: unravelling autochthony and genetic structure based on a multi-population study
<p><span>Central European white oaks expanded rapidly after the last glacial period and reached their current distribution range during the early Holocene. They have been an important resource of timber, fuelwood and animal feed for humans, who actively promoted their presence in forests and other landscape types at least since the early historical times. Besides stands with intensive management, putatively relict populations of three native oak species can be found on unproductive sites with restricted accessibility. Here, we apply chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers in order to address the autochthony of relict and managed stands and compare the spatial distribution of genetic variation between them. Based on data from more than 150 populations, we demonstrate that oak autochthony was preserved throughout historical times which is likely the result of traditional silvicultural treatment. This is supported by the fact that the spatial pattern of chloroplast haplotype distribution still reflects the post-glacial recolonization in both relict and old managed stands. We observed significant admixture of haplotypes only in stands established after the Second World War, which is attributable to the transfer of reproductive material used for afforestation. In terms of nuclear genetic variation, we observed marked differences among species. <em>Quercus</em> <em>pubescens</em> exhibited a pronounced genetic structure. Genetic drift and limited gene flow among its small and isolated populations in our study area might have contributed to this pattern. Varying extent of genetic introgression with other sympatric oak species could offer an additional explanation. On the contrary, the gene pools of <em>Q. petraea </em>and<em> Q. robur</em> are highly homogenous, displaying only weak isolation-by-distance. We found no significant differences of genetic diversity and differentiation between relict and managed stands. This suggests that seed transfer mostly occurred within our study area, even in those stands established in post-war times, verifying previous findings that point out limited human interference. We recommend consideration of population genetic structure for gene conservation, with a finer resolution of gene conservation units needed for <em>Q. pubescens </em>due to its spatial genetic structure. Both relict and old managed stands, species-pure or mixed, are suitable for conservation, as they host autochthonous gene pools. Coppice-with-standard management could contribute to preservation of autochthony. In the face of climate change, it is also important to maintain the evolutionary potential of the stands, by facilitating generative reproduction and allowing for hybridization in mixed stands.</span></p>
Validation of a new spatially-explicit process-based model (HETEROFOR) to simulate structurally and compositionally complex stands in Eastern North-America : Dataset
<p>This dataset is linked to the paper “Validation of a new spatially-explicit process-based model (HETEROFOR) to simulate structurally and compositionally complex stands in Eastern North-America" published in Geoscientific Model Development (https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1661-2023). It contains the installer of the model, its user guide, as well as all the input files (inventory, thinning, meteorology and soil horizons files for each stand used in the evaluation and calibration steps), the R scripts and associated data used to analyse the model outputs.</p>
Population genomic structure in Goodman's mouse lemur reveals long-standing separation of Madagascar's Central Highlands and eastern rainforests
<p>Madagascar's Central Highlands are largely composed of grasslands, interspersed with patches of forest. The pre-human extent of these grasslands is a topic of vigorous debate, with conventional wisdom holding that they are anthropogenic in nature and emerging evidence supporting that grasslands were a component of the pre-human Central Highlands vegetation. Here, we shed light on the temporal dynamics of Madagascar's vegetative composition by conducting a population genomic investigation of Goodman's mouse lemur (<em>Microcebus lehilahytsara</em>;<em> </em>Cheirogaleidae). These small-bodied primates occur both in Madagascar's eastern rainforests and in the Central Highlands, which makes them a valuable indicator species. Population divergences among forest-dwelling mammals can serve as a proxy for habitat fragmentation and patterns of post-divergence gene flow can reveal potential migration corridors consistent with a wooded grassland mosiac. We used RADseq data to infer phylogenetic relationships, population structure, demographic models of post-divergence gene flow, and population size change through time. These analyses offer evidence that open habitats are an ancient component of the Central Highlands, and that wide-spread forest fragmentation occurred naturally during a period of decreased precipitation near the last glacial maximum. Models of gene flow suggest that migration across the Central Highlands has been possible from the Pleistocene through the recent Holocene via riparian corridors. Notably, though our findings support the hypothesis that Central Highland grasslands predate human arrival, we also find evidence for human-mediated population declines. This highlights the extent to which species imminently threatened by human-mediated deforestation may be more vulnerable from paleoclimatic changes.</p>
Data from: Structural diversity shifts from negative to positive associations with forest productivity via basal area, stand age, and precipitation thresholds
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Data from: Relict stands of Central European oaks: unravelling autochthony and genetic structure based on a multi-population study
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Data from: Space-for-time substitution misleads projections of plant community and stand-structure development after disturbance in a slow-growing environment
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Population genomic structure in Goodman's mouse lemur reveals long-standing separation of Madagascar’s Central Highlands and eastern rainforests
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Data from: Seeing the wood despite the trees: exploring the impact of human disturbance on plant diversity, community structure, and standing biomass in fragmented high Andean forests
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Data from: Twenty-four years after the Yellowstone fires: are postfire lodgepole pine stands converging in structure and function?
Disturbance and succession have long been of interest in ecology, but how landscape patterns of ecosystem structure and function evolve following large disturbances is poorly understood. After nearly 25 years, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests that regenerated after the 1988 Yellowstone Fires (Wyoming, USA) offer a prime opportunity to track the fate of disturbance-created heterogeneity in stand structure and function in a wilderness setting. In 2012, we resampled 72 permanent plots to ask (1) How have postfire stand structure and function changed between 11 and 24 yr postfire, and what variables explain these patterns and changes? (2) How has landscape-level (among-stand) variability in postfire stand structure and function changed between 11 and 24 yr postfire? We expected to see evidence of convergence beginning to emerge, but also that initial postfire stem density would still determine trajectories of biomass accumulation. After 24 yr, postfire lodgepole pine density remained very high (mean = 21,738 stems ha−1, range = 0 to 344,067 stems ha−1). Stem density increased in most plots between 11 and 24 yr postfire, but declined sharply where 11-yr-postfire stem density was > 72,000 stems ha−1. Stems were small in high-density stands, but stand-level lodgepole pine leaf area, foliage biomass, and live aboveground biomass increased over time and with increasing stem density. After 24 yr, mean annual lodgepole pine aboveground net primary production (ANPP) was high (mean = 5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, range = 0 to 16.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1). Among stands, lodgepole pine ANPP increased with stem density, which explained 69% of the variation; another 8% of the variation was explained by environmental covariates. Early patterns of postfire lodgepole pine regeneration, which were contingent on prefire serotiny and fire severity, remained the dominant driver of stand structure and function. We observed mechanisms that would lead to convergence in stem density (structure) over time, but it was landscape variation in functional variables that declined substantially. Stand structure and function have not converged across the burned landscape, but our evidence suggests function will converge sooner than structure.
Data from: Climate-related adaptive genetic variation and population structure in natural stands of Norway spruce in the South-Eastern Alps
Forest trees dominate many Alpine landscapes that are currently exposed to changing climate. Norway spruce is one of the most important conifer species of the Italian Alps, and natural populations are found across steep environmental gradients with large differences in temperature and moisture availability. This study seeks to determine and quantify patterns of genetic diversity in natural populations toward understanding adaptive responses to changing climate. Across the Italian species range, 24 natural stands were sampled with a major focus on the Eastern Italian Alps. Sampled trees were genotyped for 384 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 285 genes. A wide array of potential candidate genes was tested for correlation with climatic parameters. To minimize false-positive association between genotype and climate, population structure was investigated. Pairwise F ST estimates between sampled populations ranged between 0.000 and 0.075, with the highest values involving the two disjoint populations, Valdieri, on the western Italian Alps, and Campolino, the most southern population on the Apennines. Despite considerable genetic admixture among populations, both Bayesian and multivariate approach identified four genetic clusters. Selection scans revealed five F ST outliers, and the environmental association analysis detected ten SNPs associated to one or more climatic variables. Overall, 13 potentially adaptive loci were identified, three of which have been reported in a previous study on the same species conducted on a broader geographical scale. In our study, precipitation, more than temperature, was often associated with genotype; therefore, it appears as the most important environmental variable associated with the high sensitivity of Norway spruce to soil water supply. These findings provide relevant information for understanding and quantifying climate change effects on this species and its ability to genetically adapt.
Data from: Effects of fire regime on the population genetics of natural pine stands, in Genetic structure of forest trees in biodiversity hotspots at different spatial scales (Ph.D. thesis).
The recurrence of wildfires is predicted to increase worldwide due to climate change, resulting in severe impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We used simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to examine the effects of fire regime on genetic diversity, demographic history and fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) of Pinus pinaster and P. halepensis, two conifers with similar adaptations to fire in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. Stands growing under high (HiFi) or low (LoFi) frequency of crown fires had similar levels of genetic diversity and similar demographic history, with bottlenecks detected in all stands in both species. HiFi populations were not genetically depleted, suggesting that adaptations such as a diverse canopy seed bank due to serotinous cones, an early age of first flowering and high gene flow buffer against possible reductions of genetic diversity. Significantly stronger SGS at SNPs in HiFi than LoFi stands of P. halepensis suggested fire-related altered dispersal possibly combined with microenvironmental selection in this fire-sensitive "seeder" species. In contrast, SGS at SNP markers was unrelated to fire regime in P. pinaster. This could be a consequence of more pronounced fire-resistance in this species enabling some adults to survive fire, hence causing a lower dependence on post-fire regeneration. Our results highlight that the impact of fire differs in species with similar life-history traits. Therefore, species-specific studies are needed to understand the role of wildfires for the evolution of future forests
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.