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16 results for “steelhead trout”
Data from: Distinct patterns of inheritance shape life-history traits in steelhead trout
<p>Life-history variation is the raw material of adaptation, and understanding its genetic and environmental underpinning is key to designing effective conservation strategies. We used large-scale genetic pedigree reconstruction of anadromous steelhead trout (<em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss</em>) from the Russian River, California, USA to elucidate sex-specific patterns of life-history traits and their heritability. SNP data from adults returning from sea over a 14-year period were used to identify 13,474 parent-offspring trios. These pedigrees were used to determine age structure, size distributions, and family sizes for these fish, as well as to estimate the heritability of two key life-history traits, spawn date and age at maturity (first reproduction). Spawn date was highly heritable (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.73) and had a cross-sex genetic correlation near unity. We provide the first estimate of heritability for age at maturity in ocean-going fish from this species and found it to be high heritable (h<sup>2</sup> from 0.29–0.62, depending upon sex and calculation), with a much lower genetic correlation across sexes. We also evaluated genotypes at a migration-associated inversion polymorphism and found sex-specific correlations with age at maturity. The significant heritability of these two key reproductive traits in these imperiled fish, and their patterns of inheritance in the two sexes, is consistent with predictions of both natural and sexually antagonistic selection (sexes experience opposing selection pressures). This emphasizes the importance of anthropogenic factors, including hatchery practices and ecosystem modifications, in shaping the fitness of this species, thus providing important guidance for management and conservation efforts.</p>
Data from: Distinct patterns of inheritance shape life-history traits in steelhead trout
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Data from: Limited, asymmetric hybridization between coastal cutthroat trout and steelhead in a Northern California river
<p>Hybridization between coastal cutthroat trout (<em>Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii</em>) and steelhead (<em>O. mykiss</em>) was assessed in the Smith River, California. Individuals were categorized as pure or as one of 10 hybrid classes using 30 'diagnostic' single-nucleotide polymorphisms positioned on 26 separate chromosomes. Most of the individuals examined (n = 876), were pure coastal cutthroat trout (n = 634) or pure steelhead (n = 213), and 29 individuals were identified as having hybrid ancestry. Among hybrids, first generation hybrids (n = 15) and coastal cutthroat trout backcrosses (n = 12) were the most common. No individuals were identified as backcrosses to SH, suggesting the presence of genetic or behavioral mechanisms constraining such backcrosses, or the growth and survival of their progeny. Mitochondrial DNA of 14 of 15 F1 hybrids was of steelhead origin, suggesting that hybridization was driven primarily by sneak-mating of male coastal cutthroat trout with female steelhead. Evaluation of classical phenotypic characters for coastal cutthroat trout and steelhead (i.e., jaw slash, maxillary length, and hyoid teeth) were not reliable by themselves for identification of either pure parental fish or hybrids. In contrast, analysis with geometric morphometrics revealed distinctive body shapes for pure coastal cutthroat trout and steelhead, and the combination of classical traits and geometric morphology was mostly accurate in distinguishing them. However, first generation hybrids and backcrosses overlapped completely with parental types, highlighting challenges in hybrid identification using phenotypic traits.</p>
Data from: Limited, asymmetric hybridization between coastal cutthroat trout and steelhead in a Northern California river
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Data from: Age at release affects developmental physiology and sex-specific phenotypic diversity of hatchery steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Data from: An integrated population model for estimating the relative effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on a threatened population of steelhead trout
<p>This collection includes data on the abundance, age composition, and harvest of adult steelhead trout, as well as the numbers of juveniles released from a hatchery, for steelhead trout (<em>Oncorhyncus mykiss</em>) from the Skagit River in Washington, USA. It also includes estimates of the marine survival of hatchery-origin steelhead.</p>
Data from: Increased natural reproduction and genetic diversity one generation after cessation of a steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) conservation hatchery program
Spatial and temporal fluctuations in productivity and abundance confound assessments of captive propagation programs aimed at recovery of Threatened and Endangered populations. We conducted a 17 year before-after-control-impact experiment to determine the effects of a conservation hatchery program for anadromous steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on a key indicator of natural reproduction (naturally produced nests or 'redds'). The supplemented population exhibited a significant (2.6-fold) increase in redd abundance in the generation following supplementation. Four non-supplemented (control) populations monitored over the same 17 year period exhibited stable or decreasing trends in redd abundance. Expected heterozygosity in the supplemented population increased significantly. Allelic richness increased, but to a lesser (non-significant) degree. Estimates of the effective number of breeders increased from a harmonic mean of 24.4 in the generation before supplementation to 38.9 after supplementation. Several non-conventional aspects of the captive rearing program may have contributed to the positive response in the natural population.
Data from: Relative contributions of neutral and non-neutral genetic differentiation to inform conservation of steelhead trout across highly variable landscapes
Mounting evidence of climatic effects on riverine environments, and adaptive responses of fishes has elicited growing conservation concerns. Measures to rectify population declines include assessment of local extinction risk, population ecology, viability, and genetic differentiation. While conservation planning has been largely informed by neutral genetic structure, there has been a dearth of critical information regarding the role of non-neutral or functional genetic variation. We evaluated genetic variation among steelhead trout of the Columbia River Basin, which supports diverse populations distributed among dynamic landscapes. We categorized 188 SNP loci as either putatively neutral or candidates for divergent selection (non-neutral) using a multi-test association approach. Neutral variation distinguished lineages and defined broad-scale population structure consistent with previous studies, but fine-scale resolution was also detected at levels not previously observed. Within distinct coastal and inland lineages, we identified 9 and 22 candidate loci (respectively) commonly associated with precipitation or temperature variables, and putatively under divergent selection. Observed patterns of non-neutral variation suggest overall climate is likely to shape local adaptation (e.g., potential rapid evolution) of steelhead trout in the Columbia River region. Broad geographic patterns of neutral and non-neutral variation demonstrated here can be used to accommodate priorities for regional management and inform long-term conservation of this species.
Contemporary genetic structure affects genetic stock identification of steelhead trout in the Snake River basin
<p>Genetic stock identification is a widely applied tool for the mixed-stock management of salmonid species throughout the North Pacific Rim. The effectiveness of genetic stock identification is dependent on the level of differentiation among stocks which is often high due to the life history of these species that involves high homing fidelity to their natal streams. However, the utility of this tool can be reduced when natural genetic structuring has been altered by hatchery translocation and/or supplementation. We examined the genetic population structure of ESA-listed steelhead in the Snake River basin of the United States. We analyzed 9,613 natural-origin adult steelhead returning to Passive Integrated Transponder detection sites throughout the basin from 2010 through 2017. Individuals were genotyped at 180 single nucleotide polymorphic genetic markers and grouped into 20 populations based on their return location. While we expected to observe a common pattern of hierarchical genetic structuring due to isolation by distance, we observed low genetic differentiation between populations in the upper Salmon River basin compared to geographically distant populations in the lower Snake River basin. These results were consistent with lower genetic stock assignment probabilities observed for populations in this upper basin. We attribute these patterns of reduced genetic structure to the translocation of lower basin steelhead stocks and ongoing hatchery programs in the upper Salmon River basin. We discuss the implications of these findings on the utility of genetic stock identification in the basin and discuss opportunities for increasing assignment probabilities in the face of low genetic structure.</p>
Data from: Black spot infection in juvenile steelhead trout increases with stream temperature in northern California
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Contemporary genetic structure affects genetic stock identification of steelhead trout in the Snake River basin
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Data from: Little impact of hatchery supplementation that uses native broodstock on the genetic structure and diversity of steelhead trout revealed by a large scale spatio-temporal microsatellite survey
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Data from: Relative contributions of neutral and non-neutral genetic differentiation to inform conservation of steelhead trout across highly variable landscapes
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Data from: Increased natural reproduction and genetic diversity one generation after cessation of a steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) conservation hatchery program
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Environmental correlates of fine-scale juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat use and movement patterns in an intermittent estuary during drought
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Differential DNA Methylation in Somatic and Sperm cells of Hatchery versus Wild (Natural-Origin) Steelhead Trout Populations
GEO Series GSE145887. Oncorhynchus mykiss. 30 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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