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166 results for “stem growth”
Data from: Radial stem growth of the clonal shrub Alnus alnobetula at treeline is constrained by summer temperature and winter desiccation and differs in carbon allocation strategy compared to co-occurring Pinus cembra
<p><strong>Data are documented in the following article:</strong></p> <p>Oberhuber W., G Wieser, F. Bernich, A. Gruber (2022) Radial stem growth of the clonal shrub <em>Alnus alnobetula</em> at treeline is constrained by summer temperature and winter desiccation and differs in carbon allocation strategy compared to co-occurring <em>Pinus cembra</em>. Forests 2022, 13, 440. doi: 10.3390/f13030440.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Summary:</strong></p> <p>Global change is affecting species areal distribution in many regions. A better understanding of how land-use change and climate warming affects shrub growth is essential for improved predictions of forest dynamics at the alpine treeline. Evaluation of radial stem growth of the clonal shrub <em>Alnus alnobetula</em> (= <em>Alnus viridis</em>) and the co-occurring tree species Swiss stone pine (<em>Pinus cembra</em>) within an alpine treeline ecotone revealed that mean ring width of nitrogen fixing <em>A. alnobetula</em> was about four times lower compared to <em>P. cembra</em>. Our findings are based on ring width data from <em>A. alnobetula</em> and <em>P. cembra</em> stems sampled at the alpine treeline ecotone on Mt. Patscherkofel (47°12’N, 11°27’E, Central European Alps, Austria, elevation range 2050 to 2190 m asl). Ring width time series include 86 radii from 51 stems of <em>A. alnobetula</em> (stems had mean age of 18±7 yrs) and 24 radii from 16 stems of <em>P. cembra </em>(18±4 yrs). We explain our findings by different carbon allocation strategies, i.e., preference of “vertical” stem growth in late successional <em>P. cembra</em> vs. favoring “horizontal” spread in the pioneer shrub<em> A. alnobetula.</em> By favouring clonal propagation over individual stem growth <em>A. alnobetula</em> is able to quickly spread at the alpine treeline ecotone.</p>
Data from: The 2018 European heatwave led to stem dehydration but not to consistent growth reductions in forests
<p>Heatwaves exert disproportionately strong and sometimes irreversible impacts on forest ecosystems. These impacts remain poorly understood at the tree and species level and across large spatial scales. Here, we investigate the effects of the record-breaking 2018 European heatwave on tree growth and tree water status using a collection of high-temporal resolution dendrometer data from 21 species across 53 sites. Relative to the two preceding years, annual stem growth was not consistently reduced by the 2018 heatwave but stems experienced twice the temporary shrinkage due to depletion of water reserves. Conifer species were less capable of rehydrating overnight than broadleaves across gradients of soil and atmospheric drought, suggesting less resilience toward transient stress. In particular, Norway spruce and Scots pine experienced extensive stem dehydration. Our high-resolution dendrometer network was suitable to disentangle the effects of a severe heatwave on tree growth and desiccation at large-spatial scales in situ, and provided insights on which species may be more vulnerable to climate extremes.</p>
Text-fig. 2: Microscopic photo of the wood from Kučlín (specimen No. G 4723, NM, transverse section) shoving growth ring boundary with markedly rounded tracheids and abundant axial parenchyma (dark cells) present both in late- and earlywood (scale bar = 100 µm). in Silicified Stem From The Late Eocene Fossil Locality Of Kučlín (Czech Republic): Overview And New Remarks
Text-fig. 2: Microscopic photo of the wood from Kučlín (specimen No. G 4723, NM, transverse section) shoving growth ring boundary with markedly rounded tracheids and abundant axial parenchyma (dark cells) present both in late- and earlywood (scale bar = 100 µm).
Pantropical tree rings show small effects of drought on stem growth
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Weights and lengths from retrospective growth analysis of different stem age classes of Betula nana, 1995, Arctic LTER, Toolik Lake, Alaska.
This data file contains the data on weights and lengths from retrospective growth analysis of different stem age classes of Betula nana ramets from the LTER Nutrient and Warming manipulations in tussock tundra at Toolik Lake.
Hydraulic traits are not robust predictors of tree species stem growth during a drought in a wet tropical forest
<p>Severe droughts have led to lower plant growth and high mortality in many ecosystems worldwide, including tropical forests. Drought vulnerability differs among species but there is limited consensus on the nature and degree of this variation in tropical forest communities. Understanding species-level vulnerability to drought requires examination of hydraulic traits since these reflect the different strategies species employ for surviving drought. Here we examined hydraulic traits and growth reductions during a severe drought for 12 common woody species in a wet tropical forest community in Puerto Rico to ask:</p> <p>Q1. To what extent can hydraulic traits predict growth declines during drought? We expected that species with more hydraulicly vulnerable xylem and narrower safety margins would grow less during drought.</p> <p>Q2. How do species successional association relate to levels of vulnerability to drought and hydraulic strategies? We predicted that early- and mid-successional species would exhibit more acquisitive strategies, making them more susceptible to drought than shade-tolerant species.</p> <p>Q3. What are the different hydraulic strategies employed by species and are there trade-offs between drought avoidance and drought tolerance?</p> <p>We anticipated that species with greater water storage capacity would have leaves that lose turgor at higher xylem water potential and be less resistant to embolism forming in their xylem (P50). We found a large range of variation in hydraulic traits across species; however, they did not closely capture the magnitude of growth declines during drought. Among larger trees (≥10 cm diameter at breast height—DBH), some tree species with high xylem embolism vulnerability and risk of hydraulic failure experienced substantial declines during drought but this pattern was consistent across species. We found a trade-off among species between drought avoidance (capacitance) and drought tolerating (P50) in this tropical forest community. Hydraulic strategies did not align with successional associations. Instead, some of the more drought-vulnerable species were shade-tolerant dominants in the community, suggesting that a drying climate could lead to shifts in long-term forest composition and function in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean.</p>
Data from: Climate overrides the influence of microsite conditions on radial growth of the tall multi-stemmed shrub Alnus alnobetula at treeline
<p><strong>Data are documented in the following article:</strong></p> <p>Oberhuber W., A-L. Dobler, T. Heinzle, F. Scandurra, A. Gruber, G. Wieser (2023) Climate overrides the influence of microsite conditions on radial growth of the tall multi-stemmed shrub <em>Alnus alnobetula</em> at treeline. Plants 12, 1708. doi: 10.3390/plants12081708.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Summary:</strong></p> <p>Green alder (<em>Alnus alnobetula</em>), a tall multi-stemmed deciduous shrub characterized by shoots showing arched ascending growth, is widespread at high elevations in the European Central Alps. Its growth form frequently leads to asymmetric radial growth and anomalous growth ring patterns making development of representative ring width series needed for analyzing climate-growth relationships or site-specific growth rates and long-term growth trends quite a challenge. In order to assess the variability among radii of one shoot, among shoots belonging to one individual (=stock) and among individuals, 60 stem discs were sampled at treeline on Mt. Patscherkofel (Tyrol, Austria). Annual increments were measured along 188 radii and analyzed in terms of its variability by applying dendrochronological techniques. Results revealed a high agreement in ring width variation among radii of one shoot, among shoots of one individual and largely among individuals from different sites, which confirms the pronounced limitation of radial stem growth by climate forcing at the alpine treeline. In contrast to this, a high variability in absolute growth rates and long-term growth trends was found among shoots belonging to one individual and among individuals, which we attribute to different microsite conditions and disturbances. These factors also override climate control of radial growth under growth limiting environmental conditions, i.e., the agreement in inter-annual variations of radial growth is directly related to the growth rate. Based on these findings we provide recommendations for the number of samples needed to carry out inter- and intra-annual studies of radial growth in this tall multi-stemmed shrub.</p>
Stem Cell Therapy and Growth Factor Ovarian in Vitro Activation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04009473. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.
Effects of Growth Hormone and IGF-1 on Anabolic Signals and Stem Cell Recruitment in Human Skeletal Muscle
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03878992. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Hydraulic traits are not robust predictors of tree species stem growth during a drought in a wet tropical forest
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A new algorithm for reconstructing tree height growth with stem analysis data
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Decreasing stem growth in common European tree species despite earlier growth onset
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Data on weights and lengths from retrospective growth analysis of different stem age classes of Betula nana ramets from the Arctic LTER Nutrient and Warming manipulations in mosit acidic tussock tundra at 1995, Toolik Lake, AK.
This data file contains the data on weights and lengths from retrospective growth analysis of different stem age classes of Betula nana ramets from the Arctic LTER Nutrient and Warming manipulations in moist acidic tussock tundra at Toolik Lake.
Are leaf, stem and hydraulic traits good predictors of individual tree growth? (FUN2FUN project)
<ol> <li>A major foundation of trait-based ecology is that traits have an impact on individual performance. However, trait-growth relationships have not been extensively tested in trees, especially outside tropical ecosystems. In addition, measuring traits directly related to physiological processes ('hard traits') remains difficult and the differences between inter- and intraspecific relationships are seldom explored.</li> <li> <span>Here, we use individual-level data on a set of hydraulic, leaf and stem traits to explore which traits are the best predictors of basal area increment (BAI) and growth efficiency (BAI per unit of tree leaf area, GE) among and within species for six dominant tree species along a water availability gradient under Mediterranean climate (Catalonia, NE Spain). Measured traits include: </span>leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf nitrogen concentration (N), leaf C isotopic composition (d<sup>13</sup>C), stem wood density (WD), branch-level estimates of the Huber value (Hv), the sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity (K<sub>S</sub>), the leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity (K<sub>L</sub>) and resistance to xylem embolism (P<sub>50</sub>), and the leaf water potential at turgor loss (P<sub>tlp</sub>).</li> <li>Traits were better predictors of GE than BAI and significant relationships were largely driven by differences among species means. Contrary to our initial hypotheses, high values of both growth metrics<span> were associated with 'conservative' leaf and hydraulic traits. In particular, BAI was negatively associated with wood density and hydraulic efficiency per unit leaf area (</span>K<sub>L</sub><span>), while GE increased with LMA, allocation to sapwood relative to leaves (Hv) and resistance to xylem embolism </span>(P<sub>50</sub>)<span>. </span>Climate effects on BAI and GE were indirectly mediated by changes in traits, stand structure and tree size. Overall, these results suggest that maintaining functionality over extended periods of time may be more important that maximum gas exchange or hydraulic capacity to achieve high radial growth under Mediterranean climates.</li> <li>Our study reveals that the relationships between 'functional' traits and tree performance along environmental gradients are complex and do not necessarily conform to simple hypotheses based on our understanding of organ-level processes. Trait integration along common axes of variation together with a revaluation of the variables that better reflect whole-tree performance can greatly improve our understanding of trait-growth relationships.</li> </ol>
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes combined with mouse nerve growth factor can more effectively ameliorate the motor disorder and brain pathological injury in mice with cerebral palsy
<p>Supplementary Table 1.The statistics of the pole-climbing experiments and the horizontal network test</p> <p>Supplementary Table 2.Results of Kruskal–Wallis test as presented in pole-climbing experiments and the horizontal network test.</p> <p>Supplementary Figure 1. Identification of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (hUC-MSCs-exos)</p> <p>Supplementary Figure 2. Results of horizontal network test and pole-climbing experiments.</p> <p> </p>
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes combined with mouse nerve growth factor can more effectively ameliorate themotor disorder and brain pathological injury inmice with cerebral palsy
<p>This research design.</p>
Number of growth days and not length of the growth period determines radial stem growth of temperate trees
<p>Radial stem growth dynamics at seasonal resolution are essential to understand how forests respond to climate change. We studied daily radial growth of 160 individuals of seven temperate tree species at 47 sites across Switzerland over eight years. Growth of all species peaked in the early part of the growth season and commenced shortly before the summer solstice, but with species-specific seasonal patterns. Day length set a window of opportunity for radial growth. Within this window, the probability of daily growth was constrained particularly by air and soil moisture, resulting in intermittent growth to occur only on 29 to 77 days (30 to 80 %) within the growth period. The number of days with growth largely determined annual growth, whereas the growth period length contributed less. We call for accounting these non-linear intra-annual and species-specific growth dynamics in tree and forest models to reduce uncertainties in predictions under climate change.</p>
Dataset to paper "The effects of solar radiation on daily and seasonal stem increment of canopy trees in European temperate old-growth forests."
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FIGURE 11. Cynoglossum wallichii G. Don. Different growth habits. A Plant with single stem branching from below with long inflorescences and elliptical leaves. B Smaller plant branching from the base with ovate leaves. C in A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species
FIGURE 11. Cynoglossum wallichii G. Don. Different growth habits. A Plant with single stem branching from below with long inflorescences and elliptical leaves. B Smaller plant branching from the base with ovate leaves. C Specimen with single stem, terminal and young, still more or less congested inflorescence and very narrow leaves (A M. Weigend 9169; B. Miyamoto et al. 20210115; C Lowndes 1-082).
FIGURE. Growth patterns of tree species and texture of their branches. A. Small tree erect lax canopy in Ch. orbiculata. B. Small tree with little branched stem in Ch. tocantinensis. C. Small tree with very branched stem in Ch. trichortyrsus. D. Stems with bark cerous in Ch. claussenii. E. Stems with bark longitudinally fissured in Ch. celiae. in Taxonomic review of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)
FIGURE. Growth patterns of tree species and texture of their branches. A. Small tree erect lax canopy in Ch. orbiculata. B. Small tree with little branched stem in Ch. tocantinensis. C. Small tree with very branched stem in Ch. trichortyrsus. D. Stems with bark cerous in Ch. claussenii. E. Stems with bark longitudinally fissured in Ch. celiae.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.