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22 results for “step selection”
Using the Genetic Algorithm for the Optimization of Dynamic School Bus Routing Problem-Figure 9. Step by step drawing of the selected route solution
<p>When the solution that is desired to be viewed is double clicked, the connections between bus stops are drawn in turn, and the route is shown as can be seen in Figure 9.</p>
Text-fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp., within some selected Amphicyonidae, and some extinct caniform carnivorans. Paramiacis exilis is the outgroup. Searches were performed by means of the Branch and Bound and a Bootstrap analysis through 1,000 replicates. One tree is obtained (length 73 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.6301, retention index (RI) = 0.7000). The numbers below nodes are Bremer indices, and the numbers above nodes are Bootstrap support percentages (only shown ≥ 50). in A New Thaumastocyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) From The Early Miocene Of Tuchořice, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp., within some selected Amphicyonidae, and some extinct caniform carnivorans. Paramiacis exilis is the outgroup. Searches were performed by means of the Branch and Bound and a Bootstrap analysis through 1,000 replicates. One tree is obtained (length 73 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.6301, retention index (RI) = 0.7000). The numbers below nodes are Bremer indices, and the numbers above nodes are Bootstrap support percentages (only shown ≥ 50).
Data for Integrated Step Selection Analysis of translocated female greater sage-grouse in the 60 days post-release, North Dakota 2018-2020
<p>The data include used and random available steps at 11-hour resolution generated for 26 female greater sage-grouse in the 60 days post-translocation to North Dakota, with associated environmental predictors and individual information. The code fits individual habitat selection models in an Integrated Step Selection Analysis framework.</p> <p>Data used to fit the models described in:</p> <p>Picardi, S., Ranc, N., Smith, B.J., Coates, P.S., Mathews, S.R., Dahlgren, D.K. <i>Individual variation in temporal dynamics of post-release habitat selection</i>. Frontiers in Conservation Science (in review)</p> <p>Code used to implement the analysis is available on GitHub: https://github.com/picardis/picardi-et-al_2021_sage-grouse_frontiers-in-conservation</p>
Dataset for "Single-Step Selective Oxidation of Methane by Iron-Oxo Species in the Metal-Organic Framework MFU-4l"
<p>Dataset belonging to publication "Single-Step Selective Oxidation of Methane by Iron-Oxo Species in the Metal-Organic Framework MFU-4l"</p>
Data for Integrated Step Selection Analysis of translocated female greater sage-grouse in the 60 days post-release, North Dakota 2018-2020
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The application of a mode of double preconcentration and double stripping steps in combination with a flow system to decrease the detection limit and increase the selectivity of determinations in stripping analysis of As(III)
<p><span>Due to the fact that arsenic </span><span>has very harmful and toxic effects on living organisms </span><span>monitoring of its content in various environmental samples </span><span>at trace level concentrations</span><span> </span><span>is desirable and highly recommended. Such advantages as low cost and portable instrumentation, achieving low detection limits and most of all the possibility of the direct determination of As(III) with no separation step make stripping voltammetry suitable for the determination of arsenic.</span><span> </span><span> <br></span></p> <p><span>These data concer the application of double deposition and double stripping steps mode in combination with a flow system for anodic stripping voltammetric determination of As(III) ions. An advantage of the proposed way of the voltammetric measurements is a decrease of the detection limit as compared to the values obtained using a traditional three-electrode system thanks to an initial preconcentration of the analyte on the first working electrode as well as the significant increase in a selectivity of As(III) determination thanks to the possibility of solution exchange after the first deposition step.</span></p> <p><span><span>The proposed way of the voltammetric measurements leads to the following analytical advantages: (i) a decrease of the detection limit as compared to the values obtained using traditional three-electrode system by an initial preconcentration of the analyte using the large-surface area electrode; (ii) an increase of the selectivity of voltammetric determinations thanks to the application of a flow system and exchange the solution after the first deposition step; (iii) simplification of performing the measurements in comparison to the original version of double accumulation and stripping steps mode due to the lack of a need to change the position of the first working electrode; (iv) the possibility of analysis of samples with a complex matrix thanks to the use of a flow system leading to minimization of matrix effects in the second deposition step. The developed procedure of As(III) determination offers a wide linear dynamic range in the range from 1 × 10<sup>-9</sup> to 5 × 10<sup>-8</sup> mol L<sup>-1</sup> at a deposition time of 120 s at both working electrodes. The detection limit for As(III) determination was 4.8 × 10<sup>-10</sup> mol L<sup>-1</sup>. The undoubted advantage of the described procedure is its high selectivity. The tolerable limit of excess of Cu(II), which is the main interferent in the course of anodic stripping voltammetric As(III) determination, was significantly increased thanks to the solution exchange after the first deposition step. The correctness of the proposed procedure was confirmed by analysis of a real water sample and lake water certified reference material by obtaining satisfactory recovery values. The additional advantage of the proposed procedure is a miniaturization of the measurement system and the use of environmentally friendly electrodes.</span></span></p>
Data from: Incorporating animal spatial memory in step selection functions
Memory is among the most important and neglected forces that shapes animal movement patterns. Research on the movement-memory interface is crucial to understand how animals use spatial learning to navigate across space because memory-biased navigation is directly linked to animals' space use and home range behaviour; however, because memory cannot be measured directly, it is difficult to account for. Here, we incorporated spatial memory into Step Selection Functions (SSF) to understand how resource selection and spatial memory affect space use of feral hogs (Sus scrofa). We used Biased Random Bridge kernel estimates linked to residence time as a surrogate for memory and tested four conceptually different dynamic maps of spatial memory. We applied this memory-based SSF to a data set of hog relocations to evaluate the importance of land cover type, time of day, and spatial memory on the animals' space use. Our approach has shown how the incorporation of spatial memory into animal movement models can improve estimates of habitat selection. Memory-based SSF provided a feasible way to gain insight into how animals use spatial learning to guide their movement decisions. We found that while hogs selected forested areas and water bodies and avoided grasslands during the day (primarily at noon), they had a strong tendency to select previously visited areas, mainly those held in recent memory. Beyond actively updating their memory with recent experiences, hogs were able to discriminate among spatial memories encoded at different circadian phases of their activity. Even though hogs are thought to have long memory retention, they likely relied on recent experiences because the local food resources are quickly depleted and slowly renewed, yielding an uncertain spatial distribution of resources.
Data from: Intrapopulation differences in polar bear movement and step selection patterns
<p><strong>Background</strong>: The spatial ecology of individuals often varies within a population or species. Identifying how individuals in different classes interact with their environment can lead to a better understanding of population responses to human activities and environmental change and improve population estimates. Most inferences about polar bear (<em>Ursus maritimus</em>) spatial ecology are based on data from adult females due to morphological constraints on applying satellite radio collars to other classes of bears. Recent studies, however, have provided limited movement data for adult males and sub-adults of both sexes using ear-mounted and glue-on tags. We evaluated class-specific movements and step selection patterns for polar bears in the Chukchi Sea subpopulation during spring.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We developed hierarchical Bayesian models to evaluate polar bear movement (i.e., step length and directional persistence) and step selection at the scale of 4-day step lengths. We assessed differences in movement and step selection parameters among the three classes of polar bears (i.e., adult males, sub-adults, and adult females without cubs-of-the-year).</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Adult males had larger step lengths and less directed movements than adult females. Sub-adult movement parameters did not differ from the other classes but point estimates were most similar to adult females. We did not detect differences among polar bear classes in step selection parameters and parameter estimates were consistent with previous studies.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Our findings support the use of estimated step selection patterns from adult females as a proxy for other classes of polar bears during spring. Conversely, movement analyses indicated that using data from adult females as a proxy for the movements of adult males is likely inappropriate. We recommend that researchers consider whether it is valid to extend inference derived from adult female movements to other classes, based on the questions being asked and the spatial and temporal scope of the data. Because our data were specific to spring, these findings highlight the need to evaluate differences in movement and step selection during other periods of the year, for which data from ear-mounted and glue-on tags are currently lacking.</p>
Data from: Characterizing wildlife behavioural responses to roads using integrated step selection analysis
Roads are a prevalent, ever-increasing form of human disturbance on the landscape. In many places in western North America, energy development has brought human and road disturbance into seasonal winter range areas for migratory elk. We sought to evaluate the predictions from the risk-disturbance hypothesis when studying elk response to roads during winter. Road proximity and crossing were used to evaluate these behaviours, which offered a rare comparison between two common measures of roads. We used integrated step selection analysis (iSSA) to evaluate four alternative hypotheses regarding the influence of roads on space-use behaviour across 175 elk-years of elk telemetry data, and we quantified both population-level and individual-level variations in responses. We demonstrated, for the first time, how iSSA can be used to combine movement analysis in a refined approach to habitat selection. Elk responded to roads as they would natural predation risk. Elk selected areas farther from roads at all times of day with avoidance being greatest during twilight. In addition, elk sought cover and moved more when in the vicinity of roads. Road crossings were generally avoided, but this avoidance was weakest during daytime when elk were both moving and closer to roads. Synthesis and applications. Energy development is transforming landscapes in western North America with the proliferation of roads, which we show is having substantial and multifaceted negative effects on elk movement and behaviour. These adverse effects can be mitigated by minimizing new road construction and by restricting traffic on roads as well as providing the protection of tree cover on elk winter ranges.
TREATment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Selected Hospitals in Southern Sri Lanka (TREAT-SL): a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06331364. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
Data from: Predicting the continuum between corridors and barriers to animal movements using Step Selection Functions and Randomized Shortest Paths
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Data from: Intrapopulation differences in polar bear movement and step selection patterns
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Data from: Estimating encounter rates as the first step of sexual selection in the lizard Anolis sagrei
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Data from: Incorporating animal spatial memory in step selection functions
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Data from: Characterizing wildlife behavioural responses to roads using integrated step selection analysis
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Spatially anonymized data from: Novel step selection analyses on energy landscapes reveal how linear features alter migrations of soaring birds
<p>This dataset consists of spatially anonymized movement data as well as environmental covariate data to estimate energy landscape step selection selections for migratory golden eagles that summer in Alaska.</p> <ol> <li>Human modification of landscapes includes extensive addition of linear features, such as roads and transmission lines. These can alter animal movement and space use and affect the intensity of interactions among species, including predation and competition. Effects of linear features on animal movement have seen relatively little research in avian systems, despite ample evidence of their effects in mammalian systems and that some types of linear features, including both roads and transmission lines, are substantial sources of mortality.</li> <li>Here, we used satellite telemetry combined with step selection functions designed to explicitly incorporate the energy landscape (el‐SSFs) to investigate the effects of linear features and habitat on movements and space use of a large soaring bird, the golden eagle <em>Aquila chrysaetos</em>, during migration. Our sample consisted of 32 adult eagles tracked for 45 spring and 39 fall migrations from 2014 to 2017.</li> <li>Fitted el‐SSFs indicated eagles had a strong general preference for south‐facing slopes, where thermal uplift develops predictably, and that these areas are likely important aspects of migratory pathways. el‐SSFs also provided evidence that roads and railroads affected movement during both spring and fall migrations, but eagles selected areas near roads to a greater degree in spring compared to fall and at higher latitudes compared to lower latitudes. During spring, time spent near linear features often occurred during slower‐paced or stopover movements, perhaps in part to access carrion produced by vehicle collisions.</li> <li>Regardless of the behavioural mechanism of selection, use of these features could expose eagles and other soaring species to elevated risk via collision with vehicles and/or transmission lines. Linear features have previously been documented to affect the ecology of terrestrial species (e.g. large mammals) by modifying individuals' movement patterns; our work shows that these effects on movement extend to avian taxa.</li> </ol>
Data for: Simulating animal space use from fitted integrated Step-Selection Functions (iSSF)
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Data from: Equivalence between step selection functions and biased correlated random walks for statistical inference on animal movement
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Spatially anonymized data from: Novel step selection analyses on energy landscapes reveal how linear features alter migrations of soaring birds
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Distinct mechanisms of acquired resistance to oncogenic kinase inhibition in cancer cells revealed using a single-step, high-dose selection scheme
GEO Series GSE137290. Homo sapiens. 21 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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