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26 results for “stream restoration”
Stream Restoration and Flood Impacts in the Kickapoo River Watershed, Wisconsin, 2019
Data were collected from May to November 2019 at five sites on two stream reaches in the Kickapoo River Watershed. Sites include Billings Creek restoration site (BRES), Billings Creek reference site (BREF), Warner Creek upstream site (WUP), Warner Creek middle site (WMD), and Warner Creek downstream (WDN) site. Data were collected by Dr. Caroline Gottschalk Druschke as part of research into the impacts of stream restoration and flooding on Kickapoo River Watershed (WI, USA) streams. Data were collected on methane and carbon dioxide fluxes on all reaches, as well as cross sectional area and soft sediment depth on the restored reach on Billings Creek before and after restoration in July 2019.
Water quality in restored urban streams in Lexington, KY, USA
Stream-water grab samples were collected periodically from sampling locations upstream and downstream of restored stream reaches in Lexington, KY, USA, and analyzed for a suite of water quality characteristics including nitrate, cations, and pH. Study sites included streams receiving riparian reforestation or other conservation, as well as streams restored using a natural channel design approach. The goal of this sampling program was to evaluate to what extent stream restoration interventions can influence stream-water quality in an urban context.
FIGURE 4 in Short-term response of fish assemblages to instream habitat restoration in heavily impacted streams
FIGURE 4 | Changes in environmental parameters (mean ± sd) depth, flow and structural diversity in pre and post-restoration conditions. C= Control treatment, W= Wood treatment, WL= Wood/leaf treatment, *= p-values <0,05.
FIGURE 1 in Short-term response of fish assemblages to instream habitat restoration in heavily impacted streams
FIGURE 1 | Map of the study area, highlighting the state of São Paulo and the location of the streams within the watersheds: Tietê River (streams P1, P2, P6 and P7), São José dos Dourados River (P3 and P4), and Turvo River (P5 and P8).
Seeing the light: nitrate spiraling and hydrogeomorphic characteristics of restored and unrestored streams in the Baltimore, MD region.
The continually increasing global population residing in urban landscapes impacts numerous ecosystem functions and services provided by urban streams. Urban stream restoration is often employed to offset these impacts and conserve or enhance the various functions and services these streams provide. Despite the assumption that ‘if you build it, [the function] will come’, current understanding of the effects of urban stream restoration on stream ecosystem functions are based on short term studies which may not capture variation in restoration effectiveness over time. We quantified the impact of stream restoration on nutrient and energy dynamics of urban streams by studying 10 urban stream reaches (five restored, five unrestored) in the Baltimore, Maryland, USA, region over a two-year period. We measured gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) at the whole-stream scale continuously throughout the study and nitrate (NO3-N) spiraling rates seasonally (spring, summer, autumn) across all reaches. There was no significant restoration effect on NO3-N spiraling across reaches. However, there was a significant canopy cover effect on NO3-N spiraling, and directly comparing paired sets of unrestored-restored reaches showed that restoration does affect NO3-N spiraling after accounting for other environmental variation. Furthermore, there was a change in GPP:ER seasonality, with restored and open-canopied reaches exhibiting higher GPP:ER during summer. The restoration effect, though, appears contingent upon altered canopy cover, which is likely to be a temporary effect of restoration and is a driver of multiple ecosystem services, e.g., habitat, riparian nutrient processing. Our results suggest that decision-making about stream restoration, including evaluations of nutrient benefits, clearly needs to consider spatial and temporal dynamics of canopy cover and tradeoffs among multiple ecosystem services. Here we provide site descriptions and nitrate spiraling d
Seeing the light: metabolic activity of restored and unrestored streams in the Baltimore, MD region.
The continually increasing global population residing in urban landscapes impacts numerous ecosystem functions and services provided by urban streams. Urban stream restoration is often employed to offset these impacts and conserve or enhance the various functions and services these streams provide. Despite the assumption that ‘if you build it, [the function] will come’, current understanding of the effects of urban stream restoration on stream ecosystem functions are based on short term studies which may not capture variation in restoration effectiveness over time. We quantified the impact of stream restoration on nutrient and energy dynamics of urban streams by studying 10 urban stream reaches (five restored, five unrestored) in the Baltimore, Maryland, USA, region over a two-year period. We measured gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) at the whole-stream scale continuously throughout the study and nitrate (NO3-N) spiraling rates seasonally (spring, summer, autumn) across all reaches. There was no significant restoration effect on NO3-N spiraling across reaches. However, there was a significant canopy cover effect on NO3-N spiraling, and directly comparing paired sets of unrestored-restored reaches showed that restoration does affect NO3-N spiraling after accounting for other environmental variation. Furthermore, there was a change in GPP:ER seasonality, with restored and open-canopied reaches exhibiting higher GPP:ER during summer. The restoration effect, though, appears contingent upon altered canopy cover, which is likely to be a temporary effect of restoration and is a driver of multiple ecosystem services, e.g., habitat, riparian nutrient processing. Our results suggest that decision-making about stream restoration, including evaluations of nutrient benefits, clearly needs to consider spatial and temporal dynamics of canopy cover and tradeoffs among multiple ecosystem services. Here we provide model estimates for GPP, ER, and net ecos
Seeing the light: high temporal frequency (5-10min resolution) measurements of dissolved oxygen, photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, and depth used to estimate metabolism in restored and unrestored Baltimore streams.
The continually increasing global population residing in urban landscapes impacts numerous ecosystem functions and services provided by urban streams. Urban stream restoration is often employed to offset these impacts and conserve or enhance the various functions and services these streams provide. Despite the assumption that ‘if you build it, [the function] will come’, current understanding of the effects of urban stream restoration on stream ecosystem functions are based on short term studies which may not capture variation in restoration effectiveness over time. We quantified the impact of stream restoration on nutrient and energy dynamics of urban streams by studying 10 urban stream reaches (five restored, five unrestored) in the Baltimore, Maryland, USA, region over a two-year period. We measured gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) at the whole-stream scale continuously throughout the study and nitrate (NO3-N) spiraling rates seasonally (spring, summer, autumn) across all reaches. There was no significant restoration effect on NO3-N spiraling across reaches. However, there was a significant canopy cover effect on NO3-N spiraling, and directly comparing paired sets of unrestored-restored reaches showed that restoration does affect NO3-N spiraling after accounting for other environmental variation. Furthermore, there was a change in GPP:ER seasonality, with restored and open-canopied reaches exhibiting higher GPP:ER during summer. The restoration effect, though, appears contingent upon altered canopy cover, which is likely to be a temporary effect of restoration and is a driver of multiple ecosystem services, e.g., habitat, riparian nutrient processing. Our results suggest that decision-making about stream restoration, including evaluations of nutrient benefits, clearly needs to consider spatial and temporal dynamics of canopy cover and tradeoffs among multiple ecosystem services. Here we provide the raw dissolved oxygen, temperature, li
Data and code for: Facilitating the recovery of insect communities in restored streams by increasing oviposition habitat
<p>Recruitment limitation is known to influence species abundances and distributions. Recognition of how and why it occurs both in natural and in designed environments could improve restoration. Aquatic insects, for instance, rarely re-establish in restored streams to levels comparable to reference streams even years after post-restoration. We experimentally increased oviposition habitat in five out of ten restored streams in western North Carolina to test whether insect egg-laying habitat was limiting insect populations in restored streams. A main goal was to test whether adding oviposition habitat in the form of rocks that partially protrude above the water surface could be used to increase the abundance and richness of stream insect eggs and larval insects in restored streams. Adding egg-laying habitat enhanced several response variables (e.g., protruding rocks, number of eggs, egg masses, egg morphotype richness, and oviposition habitat stability) to levels similar to those found in reference streams. Following the addition of protruding rocks, egg mass abundance increased by 186 % and richness increased by 77 % respectively in restored-treated streams. Densities of larval insects that attached their eggs to protruding rocks showed an overall pattern consistent with treatment effects due to the combination of non-significant and significant increases of several taxa and not just one taxon. Our results indicate that these stream insect populations are limited by oviposition habitat and that adding egg-laying habitat alleviated this component of recruitment limitation. However, the weaker larval response indicates that additional post-recruitment factors, such as egg or larval mortality, may still be limiting a full recovery of larval insect abundances in these restored streams. This study shows the importance of integrating information from animal life histories, ecology, and geomorphology into restoration practices to improve the recovery of aquatic insects, which are commonly used to assess water quality and the biological efficacy of stream restoration.</p>
Dataset sand addition stream restoration
<p>This dataset includes raw data sampled at the Leuvenumse stream, the Netherlands from 2014-2016, related to the publication entitled "Lowland stream restoration by sand addition: impact, recovery and beneficial effects on benthic invertebrates".</p>
Data from: Restored streams recover food web properties but with different scaling relationships when compared to natural streams
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Data and code for: Facilitating the recovery of insect communities in restored streams by increasing oviposition habitat
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Dynamics of Large Wood in a stream restoration in Michigan, USA 2004-2018
Large wood (LW) additions are commonly used to restore degraded streams, particularly in regenerating forests that have low LW recruitment due to past logging. While the short-term effects of LW input on stream structure and function are well studied, the long-term dynamics of added wood are less documented. We assessed the long-term movement and condition of LW added to three small (mean discharge, 28-47 L sec-1) midwestern USA streams. In 2004, 25 aspen logs (2.5 m L x 0.5 m D) were added to 100-m treatment reaches of three replicate streams in northern Michigan, USA, that contained low prior LW abundance. We monitored log movement and evaluated factors contributing to that movement over 14 years. Across all three streams, 41 of the 75 added logs moved downstream, with a mean travel distance of 4.0 m (SD, 7.0 m; n=75). However, all logs still remained within their original reaches. Most log movements occurred within the first three years following placement and were associated with high flow events. Individual log mobility was related to position in the channel; logs that were at least 70% submerged, and near horizontal in inclination, accounted for 83% of the single movements ≥0.5 m. In addition, after 14 years 32% of logs became part of aggregations and 86% displayed substantial decay. Our study suggests that restoration efforts that add LW to small, groundwater-dominated streams can pose minimal risk to downstream reaches or human structures, and may provide sustained ecological benefits to the ecosystem.
Data from: Functional responses of aquatic and riparian vegetation to hydrogeomorphic restoration of channelized lowland streams and their valleys
1. Streams and riparian zones are highly heterogeneous ecosystems. Their high biodiversity is promoted by variable flow velocities and water depths, strong hydrological gradients and disturbance regimes. However, human interventions like damming and channelization have degraded these ecosystems worldwide. And, although restoration efforts have increased in the past decades, ecological improvement is lagging. 2. We assessed vegetation development in channelized lowland stream valleys in the Netherlands, combining innovative restoration measures to the stream and stream valleys. This 'stream valley restoration' entailed construction of narrower and shallower channels to increase flow velocities during base discharges, meandering of the watercourse to increase flow and depth heterogeneity and excavation of banks to create wide v-shaped stream valleys. We evaluated the effects on functional aspects of the developing in-stream and riparian vegetation by comparing restored stream reaches to nearby unrestored reaches. 3. The reduced channel dimensions led to higher flow velocities, which, through interaction with meandering, triggered a higher variability in flow and depth. Combined with enlargement of the floodplain, this promoted flooding in stream valleys and created wider environmental gradients. Plant diversity strongly increased in the floodplain area, the land-water interface and the shallow water habitat at the channel margins, but decreased in the central parts of stream channels. There, higher flow velocities led to more typically lotic (running water) in-stream plant communities, indicated by a sharp decrease in floating-leaved species and an increase in trailing species. Riparian vegetation showed a higher beta-diversity across the wider valley slopes of restored reaches, with more wetland species in areas with water tables between 0.0 and -0.6 m, and more upland species as well. 4. Synthesis and applications. This study demonstrates that the combination of strongly reduced channel dimensions, remeandering and widening of riparian zones, is effective in restoring in-stream and riparian habitat heterogeneity. The restoration efforts lead to distinct immediate increases in total and beta-diversity of many typical stream and riparian plant species. Overall, this stresses the importance of applying restoration measures to both streams and stream valleys simultaneously, considering them as a single landscape unit. 27-Nov-2018
Data from: Time for recovery of riparian plants in restored northern Swedish streams: a chronosequence study
A lack of ecological responses in stream restoration projects has been prevalent throughout recent literature with many studies reporting insufficient time for recovery. We assessed the relative importance of time, site variables, and landscape setting for understanding how plant species richness and understory productivity recover over time in riparian zones of northern Swedish streams. We used a space-for-time substitution consisting of 13 stream reaches restored 5–25 years ago, as well as five unrestored channelized reference reaches. We inventoried the riparian zone for all vascular plant species along 60-m study reaches and quantified cover and biomass in plots. We found that while species richness increased with time, understory biomass decreased. Forbs made up the majority of the species added, while the biomass of graminoids decreased the most over time, suggesting that the reduced dominance of graminoids favored less productive forbs. Species richness and density patterns could be attributed to dispersal limitation, with anemochorous species being more associated with time after restoration than hydrochorous, zoochorous, or vegetatively reproducing species. Using multiple linear regression, we found that time along with riparian slope and riparian buffer width (e.g., distance to logging activities) explained the most variability in species richness, but that variability in total understory biomass was explained primarily by time. The plant community composition of restored reaches differed from that of channelized references, but the difference did not increase over time. Rather, different time categories had different successional trajectories that seemed to converge on a unique climax community for that time period. Given our results, timelines for achieving species richness objectives should be extended to 25 years or longer if recovery is defined as a saturation of the accumulation of species over time. Other recommendations include making riparian slopes as gentle as possible given the landscape context and expanding riparian buffer width for restoration to have as much impact as possible.
Data from: Restoration as mitigation: analysis of stream mitigation for coal mining impacts in southern Appalachia
Compensatory mitigation is commonly used to replace aquatic natural resources being lost or degraded but little is known about the success of stream mitigation. This article presents a synthesis of information about 434 stream mitigation projects from 117 permits for surface mining in Appalachia. Data from annual monitoring reports indicate that the ratio of lengths of stream impacted to lengths of stream mitigation projects were < 1 for many projects, and most mitigation was implemented on perennial streams while most impacts were to ephemeral and intermittent streams. Regulatory requirements for assessing project outcome were minimal; visual assessments were the most common and 97% of the projects reported suboptimal or marginal habitat even after 5 years of monitoring. Less than a third of the projects provided biotic or chemical data; most of these were impaired with biotic indices below state standards and stream conductivity exceeding federal water quality criteria. Levels of selenium known to impair aquatic life were reported in 7 of the 11 projects that provided Se data. Overall, the data show that mitigation efforts being implemented in southern Appalachia for coal mining are not meeting the objectives of the Clean Water Act to replace lost or degraded streams ecosystems and their functions.
Data from: Influence of natural and novel organic carbon sources on denitrification in forest, degraded urban, and restored streams
Organic carbon is important in regulating ecosystem function, and its source and abundance may be altered by urbanization. We investigated shifts in organic carbon quantity and quality associated with urbanization and ecosystem restoration, and its potential effects on denitrification at the riparian–stream interface. Field measurements of streamwater chemistry, organic carbon characterization, and laboratory-based denitrification experiments were completed at two forested, two restored, and two unrestored urban streams at the Baltimore Long-Term Ecological Research site, Maryland, USA. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate loads increased with runoff according to a power-law function that varied across sites. Stable isotopes and molar C:N ratios suggested that stream particulate organic matter (POM) was a mixture of periphyton, leaves, and grass that varied across site types. Stable-isotope signatures and lipid biomarker analyses of sediments showed that terrestrial organic carbon sources in streams varied as a result of riparian vegetation. Laboratory experiments indicated that organic carbon amendments significantly increased rates of denitrification (35.1 ± 9.4 ng N·[g dry sediment]−1·h−1; mean ± SE) more than nitrate amendments (10.4 ± 4.0 ng N·[g dry sediment]−1·h−1) across streamflow conditions and sites. Denitrification experiments with naturally occurring carbon sources showed that denitrification was significantly higher with grass clippings from home lawns (1244 ± 331 ng N·g dry sediment−1·h−1), and overall unrestored urban sites showed significantly higher denitrification rates than restored and forest sites. We found that urbanization influences organic carbon sources and quality in streams, which can have substantial downstream impacts on ecosystem services such as denitrification.
Data from: Restoration as mitigation: analysis of stream mitigation for coal mining impacts in southern Appalachia
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Data from: Differential responses by stream and riparian biodiversity to in-stream restoration of forestry-impacted streams
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Data from: Enhanced ecosystem functioning following stream restoration: the roles of habitat heterogeneity and invertebrate species traits
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Data from: Influence of natural and novel organic carbon sources on denitrification in forest, degraded urban, and restored streams
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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