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820 results for “structure and functions”
Data from: Functional structure of European forest beetle communities is enhanced by rare species
<p>From article abstract:</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109491">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109491</a></p> <p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p>Biodiverse communities have been shown to sustain high levels of multifunctionality and thus a loss of species likely negatively impacts ecosystem functions. For most taxa, however, the roles of individual species are poorly known. Rare species, often the most likely to go extinct, may have unique traits leading to unique functional roles. Alternatively, rare species may be functionally redundant, such that their loss would not disrupt ecosystem functions. We quantified the functional role of rare species by using capture records of wood-living (saproxylic) beetle species, combined with recent databases of their morphological and ecological traits, from three regions in central and northern Europe. Using a rarity index based on species’ local abundance, geographic range, and habitat breadth, we used local and regional species removal simulations to examine the contributions of both the rarest and the most common beetle species to three measures of community functional structure: functional richness, functional specialization, and functional originality. In both regional species pools and local communities, all three of these measures declined more rapidly when rare species were removed than under common (or random) species removal scenarios. These consistent patterns across scales and among several forest types give evidence that rare species provide unique functional contributions, and that their loss may disproportionately impact ecosystem functions. This implies that conservation measures targeting rare and endangered species, such as preserving intact forests with dead wood and mature trees, can provide broader ecosystem-level benefits. Experimental research linking functional structure to ecosystem processes should be prioritized to increase our understanding of the functional consequences of species loss and to develop more effective conservation strategies.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>DATASET DESCRIPTION</strong></p> <p>This dataset includes a) beetle capture information and b) beetle trait information from three countries: 1) Norway, 2) Finland, and 3) Germany. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>FILES</strong></p> <p><strong>readme.txt</strong> -- this has the information from this description section</p> <p><strong>Norway_traits.csv</strong>, <strong>Finland_traits.csv</strong>, <strong>Germany_traits.csv</strong> -- these are the trait files, including all species</p> <p><strong>Norway_sites.species.csv</strong>, <strong>Finland_sites.species.csv</strong>, <strong>Germany_sites.species.csv</strong> -- this has species (rows) by sites (columns); values are the number of beetles caught (for number of traps, dates, and other site covariates, see related dataset: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tmpg4f50b">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tmpg4f50b</a> and manuscript: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14272">https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14272</a>). Species names follow GBIF taxonomic backbone.</p> <p><strong>Traits_METADATA.csv</strong> -- this has information on all the fields in the trait data</p> <p> </p>
Upper lithospheric structure of northeastern Venezuela from joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver functions
<p>Dataset from the publication: <strong>Upper lithospheric structure of northeastern Venezuela from joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver functions</strong>. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-230">10.5194/egusphere-2022-230</a></p> <p> </p> <p>Includes: <em><strong>EGFs, Dispersion Curves measurements, RFs, Vs3dmodel and Moho depths</strong></em></p> <p> </p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group M4.1 Submerged artificial structures
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>M4.1 Submerged artificial structures</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Quantitative electronic structure and work-function changes of liquid water induced by solute - data
<p>Data set pertaining to the article "Quantitative electronic structure and work-function changes of liquid water induced by solute" | Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 24, 1310 (2022).</p> <p>Files with extension .h5 are hdf5-files structured according to the NeXus standard v2022.07 using the NXmpes user contributed format suggested by the Fairmat consortium, see<br> https://www.nexusformat.org/<br> https://fairmat-experimental.github.io/nexus-fairmat-proposal/50433d9039b3f33299bab338998acb5335cd8951/mpes-structure.html<br> A few extensions specific to liquid jet-experiments were added to the standard, and are explained in the notes-group on the top level of each file.<br> NeXus data files can be opened with any software capable of opening hdf5-structured files. The following viewers are adapted to the specifics of the NeXus data format:<br> * nexpy (distributed with python)<br> * https://h5web.panosc.eu/h5wasm (web-based NeXus viewer maintained by the European Photon and Neutron Open Science Cloud-consortium)</p> <p>In each NeXus file-entry, two types of spectra are shown:<br> 1. Sweep-averaged spectra, integrated over the non-dispersive coordinate of our detector ('data').<br> 2. As-measured data ('raw').</p> <p>Files with extension .txt are comma-separated ascii-files.<br> The following files are provided:</p> <p>Photoemission data pertaining to solute measurements using the cut-off as energy reference:<br> NaI_data.h5<br> tbai_data.h5</p> <p>Biased spectra were typically recorded in the following order:<br> [cut-off (fine), cut-off (coarse), (valence band)*(N repeats)]*(M repeats)<br> To avoid the saving of overly complex hdf5-files, these data were saved in a different order, namely:<br> [cut-off (fine)*(M repeats), cut-off (coarse)*(M repeats), (valence band)*(N*M repeats)].</p> <p>Numeric representations of the traces shown in the article's figures:<br> Figure_1a-data.txt<br> Figure_1b-data.txt<br> Figure_2a-data.txt<br> Figure_2b-data.txt<br> Figure_2c-data.txt<br> Figure_3-data.txt<br> Figure_4-data.txt<br> Figure_5a-data.txt<br> Figure_5b-data.txt<br> Figure_6a-data.txt<br> Figure_6b-data.txt<br> Figure_6c-data.txt<br> Figure_7_diff_spectra-data.txt<br> Figure_8-data.txt</p> <p>Traces shown in several figures are included only in the data file pertaining to the figure in which they occur first.</p> <p> </p> <p>Contact: Uwe Hergenhahn, uhe@fhi.mpg.de .</p>
Supplementary CIF files for "Shedding Light on the Enigmatic TcO2 ⋅ xH2O Structure with Density Functional Theory and EXAFS Spectroscopy"
<p>Optimized geometries from the paper "Shedding Light on the Enigmatic TcO2 ⋅ <em>x</em>H2O Structure with Density Functional Theory and EXAFS Spectroscopy" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202202235">https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202202235</a>), provided in CIF format.</p> <p>All structures were fully optimized (lattice vectors and atomic coordinates) using AMS/BAND (<a href="https://www.scm.com/">https://www.scm.com/</a>) with the PBE density functional, scalar relativistic effects (ZORA), and numerical atomic orbitals (NAOs) augmented with a triple-zeta polarized (TZP) set of Slater-type basis functions. For the chains, D3 dispersion corrections were also included.</p> <p> </p>
Effects of ribbed mussel aggregation size on marsh invertebrate community structure and multiple eocsystem functions
Ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) were added in aggregations containing 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40 or 80 mussels (N=3 replicates per aggregation size) in Spring of 2012 in a high marsh platform at the Airport Marsh on Sapelo Island, GA. In summer of 2013, we measured the response of invertebrate communities and six ecosystem functions. Specifically, we counted the number of Littoraria irrorata, Sesarma reticulatum burrows, Uca pugnax burrows (those > and <5mm in diameter were counted separately), and mud crab (Eurythium limosum and Panopeus herbstii) in 50cm x 50cm sampling frames. And, we measured aboveground cordgrass biomass, benthic algae biomass, invertebrate biomass, decomposition rate, infiltration rate, and soil accretion in the same size sampling frames in August of 2013.
NUT01 Nutrient Network: Investigating the roles of nutrient availability and vertebrate herbivory on grassland structure and function at Konza Prairie
The goals and focal research questions are copied below from the Nutrient Network website. More information can be found at nutnet.org. NutNet focal research questions: (1) How general is our current understanding of productivity-diversity relationships? (2) To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbacoues-dominated communities? (3) Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? NutNet goals: (1) To collect data from a broad range of sites in a consistent manner to allow direct comparisons of environment-productivity-diversity relationships among systems around the world. This is currently occurring at each site in the network and, when these data are compiled, will allow us to provide new insights into several important, unanswered questions in ecology. (2) To implement a cross-site experiment requiring only nominal investment of time and resources by each investigator, but quantifying community and ecosystem responses in a wide range of herbaceous-dominated ecosystems (i.e., desert grasslands to arctic tundra).
SBC LTER: BEACH: Invertebrate community structure and ecosystem functions of 24 sandy beach sites
These data result from a survey of 24 sandy beach sites in Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties in 2017 and 2018. We quantified marine macrophyte wrack subsidies, macroinvertebrates, and five ecosystem functions on three replicate transects at each site in order to elucidate the role of marine wrack subsidies on recipient ecosystem community structure and functioning. We also measured shorebirds at each site on three replicate survey days. Data are contained in four tables: 1) wrack cover and invertebrate community data by transect for each site used in our PiecewiseSEM model, 2) wrack cover and ecosystem function data by transect for each site used in our ecosystem multifunctionality estimate, 3) invertebrate species abundance and biomass by transect for each site, and 4) shorebird species abundance by survey date for each site.
Genome-wide structure and function modeling of SARS-COV-2
<p>Homology models and function annotation for all proteins in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. For a description of each file, follow <a href="https://zhanglab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/COVID-19/">this link</a>. </p>
Dataset: Effects of high altitude reservoirs on the structure and function of lotic ecosystems: a case study in Italy
<p>Supporting data for "Effects of high altitude reservoirs on the structure and function of lotic ecosystems: a case study in Italy"</p> <p>Macroinvertebrate community composition</p> <p>Water chemical characteristics</p> <p>Daily mean water temperature and daily temperature variations</p> <p>Results of the leaf bags experiments</p>
Dataset for "Olfactory system structure and function in newly hatched and adult locusts"
<p>This directory contains data for the article "Olfactory System Structure and Function in Newly Hatched and Adult Locusts" by Sun, Kui, Subhasis Ray, Nitin Gupta, Zane N. Aldworth, and Mark A. Stopfer. 2023.</p><p>- The folders with extension .zarr can be read with xarray package as Datasets.</p><p>- The files with extension .mat are matlab data files.</p>
Compiled database, code and raw data for the article "A Comprehensive Database of Leaf Temperature, Water, and CO2 Fluxes in Young Oil Palm Plants Across Diverse Climate Scenarios for the Evaluation of Functional-Structural Models"
<p>This dataset results from an experiment on young oil palm plants (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) in the Ecotron facility from CNRS in Montpellier. Four plants were put in a microcosm one by one with varying climatic conditions to investigate the effect of climate on leaf temperature, CO2, and H2O fluxes at the plant scale. The conditions were defined based on typical daily conditions from a location where it is grown (Libo, Indonesia), <em>i.e.</em>, a day with no rainfall and near-average air temperature and humidity. This base condition was then modified by adding more CO2 (400, 600 and 800ppm), less radiation (typical cloudy sky), and more or less temperature and vapour pressure deficit (± 30%).</p> <p>Find more details from the <code>README.md</code> file in the repository or from the associated <a href="https://github.com/PalmStudio/Biophysics_database_palm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Github repository</a>.</p>
dataset: Responses of the structure and function of the understory plant communities to precipitation reduction across forest ecosystems in Germany
<p><strong>Context</strong>: Understory plant communities play a central role in forest biogeochemistry and the recruitment of trees making up the future forest. It is so far poorly understood how climate change will affect understory structure and functions in forest of different management intensity.</p> <p> </p><p><strong>Aims</strong>: We monitored understory functional traits including transpiration and carbon isotope discrimination, community structure and diversity during two growing seasons as affected by drought in forests subjected to different management intensities. We hypothesized that drought would affect ecophysiological traits such as transpiration but not species richness and diversity. Moreover, we assumed that stand-specific characteristics and forest management intensity modify the drought-resistance of the understory community.</p> <p></p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We set up roofs in beech and conifer stands with different management intensity in three different regions across Germany and a drought event close to the 2003 drought was imposed in two consecutive years.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Precipitation reduction decreased soil water content by 2 to 8%, depending on stand and region, in comparison to the control subplots. In the first year, leaf level transpiration was reduced for different functional groups, which scaled to community transpiration modified by additional effects of drought on functional group specific leaf area. Acclimation effects in most functional groups were observed in the second year. We did not observe a significant reduction of plant diversity or a consistent management effect upon drought.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Our results indicate high plasticity and acclimation responses of the forest understory vegetation to changing climate conditions and recurrent drought events.</p> <p><strong>Abbreviations:</strong></p> <p>sp12 - campaign spring 2012; ls12 - campaign late summer 2012; es13 - campaign early summer 2013; ls13-campaign late summer 2013</p> <p>SEW16 - Schorfheide plot 16; SEW49 - Schorfheide plot 49; SEW48 - Schorfheide plot 48;HEW03 - Hainich plot 03; HEW12 - Hainich plot 12; HEW47- Hainich plot 47; AEW13 - Alb plot 13; AEW29 - Alb plot 29; AEW08 - Alb plot 08<br> explo - exploratory<br> SEW - Schorfheide; HEW - Hainich; AEW - Schwäbische Alb<br> in - conifer intensive managed; ma - beech managed; un - beech unmanaged<br> c- control; r - roof<br> LAIs - community leaf area index m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>; H - Shannon´s diversity index; Ts - community transpiration rate (weighted by LAI) mmol H<sub>2</sub>O m-<sup>2</sup> leaf area s-<sup>1</sup>; Ets - Evapotranspiration (mmol/m2/sec); E - Evaporation (mmol/m2/sec); C - leaf photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination (∆<sup>13</sup>C) according to Farquhar et al. (1982); Cs - community photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination (∆<sup>13</sup>C) according to Farquhar et al. (1982) (weighted by LAI)</p> <p> </p>
Assemblies, synapse clustering and network topology interact with plasticity to explain structure-function relationships of the cortical connectome
<p>Dataset linked to the article with the same title</p> <p>The model itself is very similar to its non-plastic counterpart under the following DOI: <a href="../record/7930275">10.5281/zenodo.7930275</a>, i.e. a 1.5 mm diameter cortical tissue comprising 211,712 neurons and their connectivity in the front limb and jaw subregions and the dysgranular zone of the Paxinos & Watson rat brain atlas. It's formatted in the open <a href="https://github.com/AllenInstitute/sonata">SONATA</a> standard and contains neuron locations and their properties (such as morphological types, cortical layer, etc.), their detailed morphologies, and synaptic connectivity (with all their anatomical and physiological parameters). The main difference from the non-plastic version is the addition of plasticity related parameters to <em>O1/S1nonbarrel_neurons__S1nonbarrel_neurons__chemical/edges.h5. </em>Extrinsic synaptic connections from the thalamus are included in this release, but for inputs from neurons in the remainder of non-barrel somatosensory cortex please see the non-plastic version of the circuit.</p> <p><strong>Analyzing the model</strong></p> <p>The model can be analyzed in terms of its anatomy, physiology and connectivity using the packages <a href="https://neurom.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">NeuroM</a>, <a href="https://bluebrainsnap.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">BlueBrain SNAP</a> and <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/ConnectomeUtilities">ConnectomeUtilities</a>. (see first Jupyter notebook)</p> <p><strong>Simulating the model</strong></p> <p>To simulate the model we'd recommend using out using our open-source simulator <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/neurodamus">Neurodamus</a>. The reference version is the branch <em>nbS1-2023</em>, which is archived under the following DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075202">10.5281/zenodo.8075202</a>. Instructions on how to use the simulator are provided on the GitHub page linked above. Briefly, you'll first have to <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/neurodamus#install-neurodamus">install Neurodamus</a>. Next, build a <em>"special"</em> executable that include compiled versions of ion channel and synapse models. To do that, follow <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/neurodamus#build-special-with-mod-files">these instructions</a>, where <em>mod-files-from-released-circuit </em>is replaced by the location of <em>O1/mods</em> on your system. Finally, <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/neurodamus#examples">run a simulation</a>. The specific simulation conditions and stimuli are specified in simulation configuration files. An exemplary simulation configuration is included in this release (<em>simulation_config.zip</em>).</p> <p><strong>Analyzing simulation results</strong></p> <p>Simulation results can be analyzed with <a href="https://bluebrainsnap.readthedocs.io/en/stable/">BlueBrain SNAP</a>, <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/ConnectomeUtilities">ConnectomeUtilities</a>, and <a href="https://github.com/BlueBrain/assemblyfire">assemblyfire</a>. Notebooks 2-5 go though these analysis and recreate some of the panels from our article. In most cases the notebooks can be run with the shared HDF5 files and don't require running any simulations.</p> <p><strong>Version 2</strong></p> <p>Bug fix in simulation_config.json and therefore new version of results (and corresponding notebooks). The underlying circuit model (O1.xz) did not change from v1.</p> <p>--</p> <p><em>The development of this dataset was supported by funding to the Blue Brain Project, a research center of the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), from the Swiss government’s ETH Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology.</em></p>
Deposited data for 'Structural and functional map for forelimb movement phases between cortex and medulla'; Yang, Kanodia and Arber; 2023
<p>Primary source data for figures in '<strong>Structural and functional map for forelimb movement phases between cortex and medulla</strong>'; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.009">Yang et al. 2023</a> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Structural and functional connectomes from 27 schizophrenic patients and 27 matched healthy adults
<p><strong><em>Data Acquisition</em></strong></p> <p>The cohort consists of a total of 27 healthy participants (age 35 ± 6.8 years) and 27 schizophrenic patients (age 41 ± 9.6), scanned in a 3-Tesla MRI scanner (Trio, Siemens Medical, Germany) using a 32-channel head-coil. The schizophrenic patients are from the Service of General Psychiatry at the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV). All of them were diagnosed with schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders after meeting the DSM-IV criteria (American Psychiatric Association (2000): Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Pub, Arlington, VA22209, USA). The Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies assessment was used to recruits the healthy controls (Preisig et al. 1999). 24 out of the 27 schizophrenics were under medication with mean chlorpromazine equivalent dose (CPZ) of 431 ± 288 mg. The written consent was obtained for all subjects - in accordance with institutional guidelines of the Ethics Committee of Clinical Research of the Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, #82/14, #382/11, #26.4.2005). All subjects were fully anonymised.</p> <p>The session protocol consisted of (1) a magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence sensitive to white/gray matter contrast (1-mm in-plane resolution, 1.2-mm slice thickness), (2) a Diffusion Spectrum Imaging (DSI) sequence (128 diffusion-weighted volumes and a single b0 volume, maximum b-value 8,000 s/mm<sup>2</sup>, 2.2x2.2x3.0 mm voxel size), and (3) a gradient echo EPI sequence sensitive to BOLD contrast (3.3-mm in-plane resolution and slice thickness with a 0.3-mm gap, TE 30 ms, TR 1,920 ms, resulting in 280 images per participant). During the fMRI scan, participants were not engaged in any overt task, and the scan was treated as eyes-open resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI).</p> <p><strong><em>Data Pre-processing </em></strong></p> <p>Initial signal processing of all MPRAGE, DSI, and rs-fMRI data was performed using the Connectome Mapper pipeline (Daducci et al. 2012). Grey and white matter were segmented from the MPRAGE volume using freesurfer (Desikan<em> </em>et al. 2006) and parcellated into 83 cortical and subcortical areas. The parcels were then further subdivided into 129, 234, 463 and 1015 approximately equally sized parcels according to the Lausanne anatomical atlas following the method proposed by (Cammoun et al. 2012). DSI data were reconstructed following the protocol described by (Wedeen et al. 2005), allowing us to estimate multiple diffusion directions per voxel. The diffusion probability density function was reconstructed as the discrete 3D Fourier transform of the signal modulus. The orientation distribution function (ODF) was calculated as the radial summation of the normalized 3D probability distribution function. Thus, the ODF is defined on a discrete sphere and captures the diffusion intensity in every direction.</p> <p><strong><em>Structural Connectivity</em></strong></p> <p>Structural connectivity matrices were estimated for individual participants using deterministic streamline tractography on reconstructed DSI data, initiating 32 streamline propagations per diffusion direction, per white matter voxel (Wedeen et al. 2008). Structural connectivity between pairs of regions was measured in terms of fiber density, defined as the number of streamlines between the two regions, normalized by the average length of the streamlines and average surface area of the two regions (Hagmann et al. 2008). The goal of this normalization was to compensate for the bias toward longer fibers inherent in the tractography procedure, as well as differences in region size. The number of fibers and fiber length were also included in the dataset. For the quantitative measure of structural connectivity, the generalised fractional anisotropy (gFA, Tuch et al. 2004) and average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC, Sener et al. 2001) were also computed for each tract.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>Functional Connectivity</em></strong></p> <p>Functional data were pre-processed using routines designed to facilitate subsequent network exploration (Murphy et al. 2009, Power et al. 2012). The first four time points were excluded from subsequent analysis to allow the time series to stabilize. The signal was linearly detrended and further physiological (white-matter and cerebrospinal fluid regressors) and motion artefacts (three translational and three rotational regressors) confounds were regressed. Then, the signal was spatially smoothed and bandpass-filtered between 0.01-0.1 Hz with Hamming windowed sinc FIR filter. To obtain the brain regions for different atlas scales the signal was linearly registered to the MPRAGE image and averaged within a given region (Jenkinson et al. 2012). Functional matrices were obtained by computing Pearson’s correlation between the individual pairs of regions. All of the above was carried out in subject’s native space (Daducci et al. 2012, Griffa et al. 2017).</p> <p>Brain cortical bert freesurfer rendering for the 5 scales of the Lausanne2008 atlas is available on <a href="https://github.com/jvohryzek/bert4lausanne2008">https://github.com/jvohryzek/bert4lausanne2008</a>.</p>
Data for: Brain structural connectivity predicts brain functional complexity
<p>Data used in analyses for "Brain structural connectivity predicts brain functional complexity: DTI derived centrality accounts for variance in fractal properties of fMRI signal"</p>
Data from "Behavioral flexibility is associated with changes in structure and function distributed across a frontal cortical network in macaques"
<p>DATA FILES from the study below:</p> <p><strong><a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603530v1">Behavioral flexibility is associated with changes in structure and function distributed across a frontal cortical network in macaques</a></strong></p> <p>Jérôme Sallet, MaryAnn P Noonan, Adam Thomas, Jill X O’Reilly, Jesper Anderson, Georgios KPapageorgiou, Franz X Neubert, Bashir Ahmed, Jackson Smith, Andrew H Bell, Mark J Buckley, LéaRoumazeilles, Steven Cuell, Mark E Walton, Kristine Krug, Rogier B Mars, Matthew FS Rushworth</p> <p>bioRxiv 603530; doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/603530">https://doi.org/10.1101/603530</a></p> <p>*.nii.gz files could be opened with FSLeyes -<a href="https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/FSLeyes)">https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/FSLeyes)</a></p> <p>Dara are also available from : https://www.jeromesallet.org/data-ofc-reversal-learning</p>
Chemical-genetic interrogation of RNA polymerase mutants reveals structure-function relationships and physiological tradeoffs
<p>The multi-subunit bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) and its associated regulators carry out transcription and integrate myriad regulatory signals. Numerous studies have interrogated the inner workings of RNAP, and mutations in genes encoding RNAP drive adaptation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> to many health- and industry-relevant environments, yet a paucity of systematic analyses has hampered our understanding of the fitness benefits and trade-offs from altering RNAP function. Here, we conduct a chemical-genetic analysis of a library of RNAP mutants. We discover phenotypes for non-essential insertions, show that clustering mutant phenotypes increases their predictive power for drawing functional inferences, and demonstrate that some RNA polymerase mutants both decrease average cell length and confer insensitivity to killing by cell-wall targeting antibiotics. Our findings demonstrate that RNAP chemical-genetic interactions provide a general platform for interrogating structure-function relationships <i>in vivo</i> and for identifying physiological trade-offs of mutations, including those relevant for disease and biotechnology. This strategy should have broad utility for illuminating the role of other important protein complexes.</p>
Effects of tidal influence on the structure and function of prokaryotic communities in the sediments of a pristine Brazilian mangrove
<p>Mangrove forests are ecosystems that constitute a large portion of the world's coastline and span tidal zones below, between, and above the waterline, while the ecosystem as a whole is defined by the health of these tidal microhabitats. However, we are only beginning to understand tidal zone microbial biodiversity and the role of these microbiomes in nutrient cycling. While extensive research has characterized microbiomes in pristine versus anthropogenically impacted mangroves these have, largely, overlooked differences in tidal microhabitats (sublittoral, intertidal, and supralittoral). Unfortunately, the small number of studies that have sought to characterize mangrove tidal zones have occurred in impacted biomes, making interpretation of the results difficult. Here, we characterized prokaryotic populations and their involvement in nutrient cycling across the tidal zones of a pristine mangrove within a Brazilian Environmental Protection Area of the Atlantic Forest. We hypothesized that the tidal zones in pristine mangroves are distinct microhabitats, which we defined as distinct regions that present spatial variations in the water regime and other environmental factors, and as such, these are composed of different prokaryotic communities with distinct functional profiles. Samples were collected in triplicate from zones below, between, and above the tidal waterline. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we found distinct prokaryotic communities with significantly diverse nutrient cycling functions, as well as specific taxa with varying contribution to functional abundances between zones. Where previous research from anthropogenically impacted mangroves found the intertidal zone to have high prokaryotic diversity and functionally enriched in nitrogen cycling, we find that the intertidal zone from pristine mangroves have the lowest diversity and no functional enrichment, relative to the other tidal zones. The main bacterial phyla in all samples were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi while the main archaeal phyla were Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota. Our results differ slightly from other studies where Proteobacteria is the main phyla in mangrove sediments and Firmicutes make up for only a small percentage of the communities. Salinity and organic matter were the most relevant environmental factors influencing these communities. Bacillaceae was the most abundant family at each tidal zone and showed potential to drive a large proportion of the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Our findings suggest that some aspects of mangrove tidal zonation may be compromised by human activity, especially in the intertidal zone.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.