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Endurance swimming performance and physiology of juvenile Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) at different temperatures, CA, 2022
This dataset provides information on the endurance swimming performance and physiological responses of juvenile Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), reared and tested at the University of California, Davis, in 2022. Fish were acclimated to two temperature treatments (13°C and 18°C) for 14 days prior to swimming trials. Endurance tests were conducted at 47–53 days post-hatch (DPH) in modified swim tunnels at fixed water velocities (25–55 cm s⁻¹) to measure time-to-fatigue (End.min), station-holding behavior (Station_holding), and swimming type (Swim.type). Fish morphometrics (e.g., weight, fork length, total length) were recorded before trials. Post-swim physiological analyses included whole-body measurements of cortisol, glucose, lactate, and protein. Tissue homogenates were processed to determine concentrations normalized to fish weight (e.g., Cortisol_ng_g, Glucose_ug_g, Lactate_ug_g). Standard curves showed high assay linearity (R² > 0.98) and low variability (CV < 10%). This dataset contributes to understanding sturgeon endurance and physiological stress under different environmental conditions, providing insights into their resilience to temperature and flow changes relevant to river management and conservation efforts. Variables include: species, developmental stage (DPH), rearing and trial conditions (tank, temperature, velocity), fish morphometrics (weight, fork length, total length), and physiological metrics (cortisol, protein, glucose, and lactate).
California Department of Fish and Wildlife Adult Sturgeon Study, Sacramento-San Joaquin Watershed, 1954-2022
The Sacramento-San Joaquin Watershed, located in Central and Northern California, drains approximately 43,000 square miles and terminates at the Golden Gate Bridge. This watershed hosts numerous species of ecological, cultural, and recreational importance, including White (Acipenser transmontanus) and Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris). Sturgeon were severely overfished in the late 1800s and early 1900s, prompting a closure of the recreational and commercial sturgeon fishery in 1917 by the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG; Now California Department of Fish and Wildlife, CDFW). The fishery remained closed until 1954, when a recreational fishery was once again allowed by the CDFG. A single year of surveying was conducted by the CDFG in 1954 to monitor the new fishery and a semi-regular survey was established in 1967. Since then, CDFW has systematically surveyed subadult and adult White and Green Sturgeon as part of the Adult Sturgeon Study, with annual surveys conducted between 2005 and 2022. Capturing adult sturgeon using 3.7m deep drifted trammel nets in areas including Suisun Bay, Grizzly Bay, and San Pablo Bay, these efforts have been supplemented by angler-contributed data, collected through mail returns and river/bay creel surveys. Tagging practices involve individually coded ½” Petersen-disk tags, with reward values introduced in 1974 to encourage angler cooperation and enhance tag return rate accuracy. The adoption of PIT (Passive Integrated Transponder) tags began in 2007 and has been consistently employed since 2019. These data provide insights into tag return rates, recaptures, and mortalities, supporting the estimation of abundance and harvest rates. This comprehensive dataset enriches our understanding of sturgeon population dynamics and is crucial for monitoring California sturgeon.
USFWS Adult White Sturgeon Monitoring, San Joaquin River, 2012-2025
Overview The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) funds habitat improvement work and associated monitoring in the Central Valley of California to increase salmonid populations in furtherance of meeting CVPIA fish doubling goals. This data package contains three datasets for adult White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) monitoring in the San Joaquin River (SJR) conducted by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Lodi Fish and Wildlife Office. The primary purpose for this sampling was to capture White Sturgeon and implant acoustic telemetry tags for a tracking project. Therefore, the data are useful for determining when and where White Sturgeon were captured, but they should not be used to determine actual distribution or abundance. SJR_Adult_WST_Set Data This dataset contains data from a sampling program using various methods to catch adult White Sturgeon in the San Joaquin River. Sets were made at targeted locations primarily from March-May in 2012-2024 (other dates were occasionally sampled). SJR_Adult_WST_Catch Data This dataset contains data for individual fish caught via gillnets, trammel nets, setlines, or angling in the San Joaquin River. Species and fork length were recorded for all fish. For White Sturgeon, girth, maturation, tag, and surgery information are provided. SJR_Fish_Taxonomy Data This dataset contains data for fish codes used in the Catch datafile. For each species that was captured, the Species codes are listed with the corresponding Interagency Ecological Program code, common name, taxonomy (Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species), and whether or not the species is native to the region.
Endurance swimming performance and physiology of juvenile sturgeon at different temperatures, 2022-2024
Endurance swimming trials were conducted on both Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) and White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) across multiple size classes to assess the effects of temperature and velocity on swimming performance. Fish were exposed to various water temperatures for at least 14 days and swam at fixed-water velocities (cm/s) in controlled swim tunnels. Data were collected on parameters such as species, size class, trial temperature, velocity, recovery time, time-to-fatigue, swim type classifications, and whether the trials were completed. Additional metadata included fish morphometrics such as fork length, total length, weight, and trial dates, enabling comparisons across species, size, and treatment conditions. Physiological responses were measured post-swimming to evaluate the impacts of endurance trials on the smallest size class of Green Sturgeon (5cm fork length): - In 2022, whole-body cortisol, glucose, and lactate concentrations were measured immediately following endurance trials (0 min recovery). - In 2023, recovery dynamics were incorporated, with physiological responses assessed at multiple time points (0 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min post-trial). - In 2022 and 2023 the baseline physiological metrics (whole-body cortisol, glucose, and lactate concentrations) of control fish (not subjected to swimming trials) were measured across all temperatures, years, species, and size classes. This dataset provides information on sturgeon swimming performance under varied temperature conditions, as well as the associated physiological stress responses, offering valuable insights into their endurance capabilities and recovery processes. The findings can inform conservation strategies, habitat management, and aquaculture practices for these ecologically and economically important species.
USFWS Larval White Sturgeon Monitoring, San Joaquin River, 2013-2017
Overview The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) funds habitat improvement work and associated monitoring in the Central Valley of California to increase salmonid populations in furtherance of meeting CVPIA fish doubling goals. This data package contains three datasets for larval White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) monitoring in the San Joaquin River (SJR) conducted by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Lodi Fish and Wildlife Office. SJR_Larval_WST_Set Data This dataset contains data on an experimental sampling program using boat-mounted drift nets (D-frame nets), a large drift net attached to a stationary pontoon (pontoon net), and otter trawls to catch larval White Sturgeon in the San Joaquin River. Sets were made at targeted locations from March-July in 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017. A total of ten White Sturgeon were captured in 2016 and 11 in 2017, all with D-frame driftnets. SJR_Larval_WST_Catch Data This dataset contains data for individual fish caught in the San Joaquin River. Species and fork length were recorded for most individuals. SJR_Fish_Taxonomy Data This dataset contains data for fish codes used in the Catch datafile. For each species that was captured, the Species codes are listed with the corresponding Interagency Ecological Program code, common name, taxonomy (Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species), and whether or not the species is native to the region.
USFWS Juvenile White Sturgeon Monitoring, San Joaquin River, 2016-2017
Overview The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) funds habitat improvement work and associated monitoring in the Central Valley of California to increase salmonid populations in furtherance of meeting CVPIA fish doubling goals. This data package contains three datasets for juvenile White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) monitoring in the San Joaquin River (SJR) conducted by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Lodi Fish and Wildlife Office. After two years of this experimental sampling program, it was discontinued due to low catches of White Sturgeon. SJR_Juvenile_WST_Set Data This dataset contains data on an experimental sampling program using trammel nets and setlines to catch juvenile White Sturgeon in the San Joaquin River. Sets were made at targeted locations from November-January in 2016 and 2017. One White Sturgeon (1000 mm fork length) was captured in a trammel net in 2016. SJR_Juvenile_WST_Catch Data This dataset contains data for individual fish caught in trammel nets or setlines in the San Joaquin River. Species and fork length were recorded for all fish. For White Sturgeon, girth, maturation, and tag information are provided. SJR_Fish_Taxonomy Data This dataset contains data for fish codes used in the Catch datafile. For each species that was captured, the Species codes are listed with the corresponding Interagency Ecological Program code, common name, taxonomy (Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species), and whether or not the species is native to the region.
USFWS White Sturgeon Egg Monitoring, San Joaquin River, 2011-2018
Overview The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) funds habitat improvement work and associated monitoring in the Central Valley of California to increase salmonid populations in furtherance of meeting CVPIA fish doubling goals. This data package contains two datasets for White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) monitoring in the San Joaquin River (SJR) conducted by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Lodi Fish and Wildlife Office. The objective of this sampling to was determine if White Sturgeon were spawning in the San Joaquin River and to explore where and when spawning occurred, within areas where adult White Sturgeon were known to congregate during the suspected spawning season. SJR_Egg_WST_Set Data This dataset contains data on egg mat sets used to document White Sturgeon spawning in the San Joaquin River. Sets were made at non-random locations from February to May in 2011-2018. In 2017, additional “blitz” sets were used in areas where eggs were detected. Details about set location, timing, and environmental conditions are included, along with the total number eggs of White Sturgeon and other non-sturgeon eggs. SJR_Egg_WST_Catch Data This dataset contains data specific to eggs found in egg mat nets in the San Joaquin River. Across all years, the diameter of eggs (or groups of eggs) were recorded. In 2011 and 2012, efforts were made to describe the developmental stage of White Sturgeon eggs and estimates of spawning timing were sometimes calculated.
Experimental evaluation of louver guidance efficiency for green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), Primary Datasets, 2016-2017
Throughout the world, louver-bypass systems are a common method for fish protection at water diversion sites. This study used controlled laboratory experiments to quantify louver efficiency for juvenile green sturgeon under a range of conditions. Green sturgeon juveniles used in the study were spawned from the University of California, Davis (hereafter UC Davis) captive broodstock program. Experimental trials were conducted within an indoor flume at the J. Amorocho Hydraulics Laboratory (JAHL) at UC Davis. The flume had a zero degree bed slop, and was equipped with a louver placed at a 15-degree angle to the streamwise flow. Louver slats had 25-mm clear spacing. The louver terminated at a bypass channel 0.3 m wide, and was operated to maintain water velocity in the bypass that was 1.2 times greater than the velocity in the flume. Full factorial experimental treatments were designed to address the influence of sturgeon size, water velocity, diel period, and water temperature on louver performance and behavior. Sturgeon were tested within three predefined size classes (range: 6 – 34 cm TL). At each size class, fish were tested under combinations of water velocity, water temperature, and photophase. During each experimental trial, 60 (+/-2) juvenile sturgeon were released from an acclimation chamber to enter the test area at the bottom of the flume. Fish were allowed to freely navigate throughout the test area until they were transported through the louver slats or bypass channel, at which point they were removed and the time was recorded. Trials ended when all fish were collected at a downstream endpoint, or after 90 minutes of exposure time, and remaining fish were removed from the flume. Trials were completed across two study years within seven months after hatch, following the same protocols with a few minor adjustments in year two. During daytime trials in both study years the louver face was monitored with video recordings to observe contact between fish and the
Data from: Molecular Dating of Phylogeny of Sturgeons (Acipenseridae) Based on Total Evidence Analysis
<p>Bayesian chronograms (original and updated 08.10.2022) of cladogenesis of fossil and recent Acipenseriformes reconstructed on the basis of combined (mtDNA, morphological characters) data.</p>
Fig. 3 in Early Pliocene Sturgeons And Bony Fishes From The Dniester Valley (Republic Of Moldova)
Fig. 3. Isolated pharyngeal teeth of carp fishes: 1–2 — Rutilus sp.; 3 — Scardinius erythrophthalmus;
Fig. 2 in Early Pliocene Sturgeons And Bony Fishes From The Dniester Valley (Republic Of Moldova)
Fig. 2. Acipenser gueldenstaedtii: 1 — opercular bone; 2–4 — pectoral fin fragments (pinna pectoralis I); Acipenser sp.: 5 — marginalia.
Figure 3 in Detailed analysis of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) and stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) migration in the Lower Danube River
Figure 3. Recorded upstream (u/s) and downstream (d/s) movement preference in different depth frequencies for Beluga sturgeon at rkm 71 and rkm 200 stations.
Figure 2 in Detailed analysis of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) and stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) migration in the Lower Danube River
Figure 2. Recorded upstream (u/s) and downstream (d/s) movement preference in different depth frequencies for Beluga sturgeon at rkm 71 and rkm 847 stations.
Figure 28. - Dorsal scutes. A in Guide for the identification of archaeological sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio and A. oxyrinchus) remains
Figure 28. - Dorsal scutes. A: Complete dorsal scute row and dorsal fin fulcrum from a modern A. sturio (NHM 2015.2.18.1, 160.5 cm); B: Archaeological dorsal scutes; C: Possible measurements on the dorsal scutes for size reconstruction: M1: B-D; M2: F = A-C; M3: A = F-E; M4: B-E; M5: B-C; M6: B-F = A; M7: D-E; M8: D-C; M9: D-F = A. Scale bars: A = 10 cm; B = 1 cm.
Figure 31. - Alveolar ornamentation type. A in Guide for the identification of archaeological sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio and A. oxyrinchus) remains
Figure 31. - Alveolar ornamentation type. A: Alveolar pattern with tubercular characteristics at the edge in A. oxyrinchus (NRM 60821, 4th dorsal scute, 99 cm TL); B: Alveolar pattern in a large A. oxyrinchus (MHNNZ 19558, 6th left lateral scute, 276 cm TL); C: Lacrimale-suborbitale from Trigla lucerna (RBINS 23663; 47.5 cm SL). Note the alveolar-like ornamentation. Scale bars = 1 cm.
Figure 20 in Guide for the identification of archaeological sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio and A. oxyrinchus) remains
Figure 20. - Isolated elements of the branchial arches or the hyoid (with the exclusion of the hyomandibula). A: Modern A. oxyrinchus (RBINS 24792); B: Archaeological remains of the hyoid or branchial arches. Scale bars = 1 cm.
Figure 27. - Lateral scutes. A in Guide for the identification of archaeological sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio and A. oxyrinchus) remains
Figure 27. - Lateral scutes. A: Complete right lateral row from a modern A. sturio (NHM 2015.2.18.1, 160.5 cm TL); B: Archaeological right lateral scutes from the back of the row; C, D: Right and left lateral scute from the front or middle of the row; E: Right lateral scute with the possible measurements for size reconstruction: M1: B-D; M2: F-C; M3: A-E; M4: B-E; M5: B-C; M6: B-F (caudal edge of the dorsal part); M7: D-E; M8: D-C; M9: D-F (caudal edge of the ventral part). Arrow 1: caudal point; arrow 2: frontal edge of the ridge; Arrow 3: dorsally pointed thickened fold. Scale bars: A = 10 cm; B, C, D = 1 cm.
Figure 19. - Hyomandibula. A in Guide for the identification of archaeological sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio and A. oxyrinchus) remains
Figure 19. - Hyomandibula. A: Hyomandibula from A. oxyrinchus (RBINS 24792), lateral view and perpendicular view of the proximal end; B: Archaeological hyomandibula, lateral view and perpendicular view of the distal and proximal end (latter two not to scale). Note the shape differences between the distal, triangular end and the proximal, oval, squatted ends of the bone. Scale bars = 1 cm.
Figure 30 in Guide for the identification of archaeological sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio and A. oxyrinchus) remains
Figure 30. - Scutes behind the dorsal fin of A. oxyrinchus (NRM 35438; 154 cm TL). Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 15. - Dermopalatine. A in Guide for the identification of archaeological sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio and A. oxyrinchus) remains
Figure 15. - Dermopalatine. A: Dorsal and ventral view of left dermopalatine from A. oxyrinchus (RBINS 24792); B: Dorsal and ventral view of an archaeological right dermopalatine from A. oxyrinchus; C: Dorsal and ventral view of an archaeological right dermopalatine from A. sturio; D: Measurements on the dermopalatine as defined by Desse-Berset (2011b). Arrows: fossa. Scale bars = 1 cm.
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