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7 results for “subalpine meadow”
Dynamics of montane and subalpine meadows in the Three Sisters Wilderness Area and Biosphere Reserve, 1981-1993
The Three Sisters Wilderness Area is a Biosphere Reserve that represents the northern half of the Sierra-Cascade Province. It encompasses nearly 100,000 ha of essentially undisturbed landscape straddling the crest of the central Cascade Range, Oregon. Coniferous forests dominate the Three Sisters, although the Wilderness also supports a diversity of non-forested habitats including montane and subalpine meadows. The Three Sisters was given wilderness status in 1957 and was selected as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1974, to represent a "control" area for the nearby H. J. Andrews Biosphere Reserve. Integral to the establishment of a Biosphere Reserve is the documentation of existing ecosystems with baseline data. However, basic ecological research in theThree Sisters has been relatively limited. We conducted two types of studies: (1) phytosociological studies to characterize current vegetation patterns and to interpret relationships between community composition and major environmental and edaphic gradients, and (2) retrospective analyses of the invasion of montane and subalpine meadows by trees with a focus on the effects of recent climatic variation, grazing history, and site environment.
Pollinator visitation on Na-enriched plants in a subalpine meadow
<p>Many plants have evolved nutrient rewards to attract pollinators to flowers, but most research has focused on the sugar content of floral nectar resources. Concentrations of sodium in floral nectar (a micronutrient in low concentrations in nectar) can vary substantially both among and within co-occurring species. Sodium concentrations in floral nectar might play an important and underappreciated role in plant-pollinator interactions, especially because many animals, including pollinators, are sodium-limited in nature. Yet, the consequences of variation in sodium concentrations in floral nectar have gone largely unexplored. Here, we investigate whether enriching floral nectar with sodium influences the composition, diversity, and abundance of pollinator interactions. We experimentally enriched sodium concentrations in four plant species in a subalpine meadow in Colorado, USA. We found that flowers with sodium-enriched nectar received more visits from a greater diversity of pollinator visitors throughout the season. Each pollinator species foraged more frequently on flowers enriched with sodium and showed evidence of other changes to pollinator foraging behavior, including greater dietary evenness. These findings are consistent with the 'salty nectar hypothesis,' providing evidence for the importance of sodium limitation in pollinators and suggesting that even small nectar constituents can shape plant-pollinator interactions.</p>
Pollinator visitation on Na-enriched plants in a subalpine meadow
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Data from: Climate and landscape drive the pace and pattern of conifer encroachment into subalpine meadows
Mountain meadows have high biodiversity and help regulate stream water release following the snowmelt pulse. However, many meadows are experiencing woody plant encroachment, threatening these ecosystem services. While there have been field surveys of individual meadows and remote sensing-based landscape-scale studies of encroachment, what is missing is a broad scale, ground-based study to understand common regional drivers, especially at high elevations, where land management has often played a less direct role. With this study we ask: what are the climate and landscape conditions conducive to woody plant encroachment at the landscape scale, and how has historical climate variation affected tree recruitment in subalpine meadows over time? We measured density of encroaching trees across 340 subalpine meadows in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA, and used generalized additive models (GAMs) to determine the relationship between landscape-scale patterns of encroachment and meadow environmental properties. We determined ages of trees in 30 survey meadows, used observed climate and GAMs to model the relationship between timing of recruitment and climate since the early 1900s, and extrapolated recruitment patterns into the future using downscaled climate scenarios. Encroachment was high among meadows with lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon var. murrayana (Balf.) Engelm.) in the immediate vicinity, at lower elevations, with physical conditions favoring strong soil drying, and with maximum temperatures above or below average. Climatic conditions during the year of germination were unimportant, with tree recruitment instead depending on a 3-year seed production period prior to germination and a 6-year seedling establishment period following germination. Recruitment was high when the seed production period had high snowpack, and when the seedling establishment period had warm summer maximum temperatures, high summer precipitation, and high snowpack. Applying our temporal model to downscaled output from four global climate models indicated that the average meadow will shift to forest by the end of the 21st century. Sierra Nevada meadow encroachment by conifers is ubiquitous and associated with climate conditions increasingly favorable for tree recruitment, which will lead to substantial changes in subalpine meadows and the ecosystem services they provide.
Data from: Multi-year stigmatic pollen-load sampling reveals temporal stability in interspecific pollination of flowers in a subalpine meadow
Co-flowering plants may commonly experience interspecific pollination. It remains unknown, however, whether interspecific pollination is a largely stochastic process or consistent enough over years to exert selection for traits that can reduce interspecific pollination or ameliorate its deleterious effects on reproduction. To assess the likelihood of this precondition being met, stigmatic pollen loads on 17 to 34 insect-pollinated plant species over 3 consecutive years were scored in a subalpine meadow in southwestern China. Plant species varied significantly in the amount and proportion of heterospecific pollen (HP) on stigmas. Both the number of HP species and the proportion of the pollen load that was HP for each recipient species correlated positively between years (reflected in pairwise correlations for all year-by-year combinations). Although inter-annual variation was smaller for conspecific pollen (CP) than for HP loads, species tended to experience either consistently high or consistently low HP proportions across years. We found that species with higher stigmatic HP proportions generally experienced lower proportional variation in stigmatic HP, an unexpected result if high HP loads are the result of rare stochastic events. The novel finding of between-year consistency in stigmatic loads of heterospecific pollen suggests that adaption to stigmatic loads of HP is possible, and two divergent strategies may have evolved: HP avoidance and HP tolerance. The observation of temporally consistent differences among species in levels of HP supports the idea that natural selection may be operating either to increase tolerance or to minimize arrival of heterospecific pollen on stigmas in co-flowering plants. Such adaptations may be important for the maintenance of high levels of local plant diversity in biodiversity hotspots such as our study area.
Data from: Climate and landscape drive the pace and pattern of conifer encroachment into subalpine meadows
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Multi-year stigmatic pollen-load sampling reveals temporal stability in interspecific pollination of flowers in a subalpine meadow
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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