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72 results for “subcortical”
Subcortical DMN functional connectivity
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Cortico-subcortical β burst dynamics underlying movement cancellation in humans
<p>Dominant neuroanatomical models hold that humans regulate their movements via loop-like cortico-subcortical networks, including the subthalamic nucleus (STN), thalamus, and sensorimotor cortices (SMC). Inhibitory commands across these networks are purportedly sent via transient, burst-like signals in the β frequency (15-29Hz). However, since human depth-recording studies are typically limited to one recording site, direct evidence for this proposition is hitherto lacking. Here, we present simultaneous multi-site depth-recordings from SMC and either STN or thalamus in humans performing the stop-signal task. In line with their purported function as inhibitory signals, subcortical β-bursts were increased on successful stop-trials and were followed within 50ms by increased β-bursting over SMC. Moreover, between-site comparisons (including in a patient with simultaneous recordings from all three sites) confirmed that β-bursts in STN precede thalamic β-bursts. This provides first empirical evidence for the role of β-bursts in conveying inhibitory commands along long-proposed cortico-subcortical networks underlying movement regulation in humans.</p>
Cortico-subcortical β burst dynamics underlying movement cancellation in humans
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Mediodorsal thalamus and ventral pallidum contribute to subcortical regulation of the default mode network
<p>Humans and other animals readily transition from externally to internally focused attention, and these transitions are accompanied by coactivation of a group of brain regions collectively known as the default mode network (DMN). While the DMN was considered a cortical network, recent evidence suggests subcortical structures are part of the DMN. Here we investigated the role of ventral pallidum (VP) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD) in DMN regulation in the tree shrew, a close relative of primates. We combine electrophysiology and deep learning-based motion tracking to perform unsupervised classification of behavioral states. We found gamma oscillations in VP and MD coordinated with gamma in the anterior cingulate (AC) cortex specifically during DMN states. Similar enhancements were found for high gamma, but only at subcortical sites. Cross-frequency coupling between gamma and delta oscillations were higher during DMN than other behaviors, underscoring the engagement of MD, VP, and AC circuits. Our findings highlight the importance of VP in DMN regulation in the tree shrew, consistent with rodent studies, and demonstrate a role for MD thalamus in DMN regulation. Our results extend homologies in DMN regulation among mammals, and underline the importance of thalamus and basal forebrain to the regulation of DMN brain states.</p>
Stimulus presentation can enhance spiking irregularity across subcortical and cortical regions
<p>Stimulus presentation is believed to quench neural response variability as measured by fano-factor (FF). However, the relative contribution of within-trial spike irregularity and trial-to-trial rate variability to FF reduction has remained elusive. Here, we introduce a principled approach for accurate estimation of spiking irregularity and rate variability in time for doubly stochastic point processes. Consistent with previous evidence, analysis showed stimulus-induced reduction in rate variability across multiple cortical and subcortical areas. However, unlike what was previously thought, spiking irregularity, was not constant in time and could be enhanced partly due factors beyond local CV measures such as bursting abating the quench in the post-stimulus FF. Simulations confirmed plausibility of a time varying spiking irregularity arising from within and between pool correlations of excitatory and inhibitory neural inputs. By accurate parsing of neural variability, our approach reveals previously unnoticed changes in neural response variability and constrains candidate mechanisms that give rise to observed rate variability and spiking irregularity within brain regions.</p>
Pupil size reflects activation of subcortical ascending arousal system nuclei during rest
<p>Neuromodulatory nuclei that are part of the ascending arousal system (AAS) play a crucial role in regulating cortical state and optimizing task performance. Pupil diameter, under constant luminance conditions, is increasingly used as an index of activity of these AAS nuclei. Indeed, task-based functional imaging studies in humans have begun to provide evidence of stimulus-driven pupil-AAS coupling. However, whether there is such a tight pupil-AAS coupling during rest is not clear. To address this question, we examined simultaneously acquired resting-state fMRI and pupil-size data from 74 participants, focusing on six AAS nuclei: the locus coeruleus, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and cholinergic basal forebrain. Activation in all six AAS nuclei was optimally correlated with pupil size at 0- to 2-second lags, suggesting that spontaneous pupil changes were almost immediately followed by corresponding BOLD-signal changes in the AAS. These results suggest that spontaneous changes in pupil size that occur during states of rest can be used as a noninvasive general index of activity in AAS nuclei. Importantly, the nature of pupil-AAS coupling during rest appears to be vastly different from the relatively slow canonical hemodynamic response function that has been used to characterize task-related pupil-AAS coupling.</p>
The Effect of Venlafaxine on Language Function in Patients With Subcortical Aphasia: A fMRI Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03588572. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 31.
Deep Brain Stimulation Motor Ventral Thalamus (VOP/VIM) for Restoration of Speech and Upper-limb Function in People With Subcortical Stroke
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06303869. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Rehabilitation of Attention in Patients With MCI and Brain Subcortical Vascular Changes Using the APT-II
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02033850. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Stimulus presentation can enhance spiking irregularity across subcortical and cortical regions
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Exposing distinct subcortical components of the auditory brainstem response evoked by continuous naturalistic speech
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Pupil size reflects activation of subcortical ascending arousal system nuclei during rest
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Context-dependent disturbance synergies: Subcortical competitors may constrain bark beetle irruption following wildfires
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Mediodorsal thalamus and ventral pallidum contribute to subcortical regulation of the default mode network
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Data from: The subcortical basis of outcome and cognitive impairment in TBI: a longitudinal cohort study
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Data from: A human subcortical network underlying social avoidance revealed by risky economic choices
Social interactions have a major impact on well-being. While many individuals actively seek social situations, others avoid them, at great cost to their private and professional life. The neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in social approach or avoidance tendencies are poorly understood. Here we estimated people's subjective value of engaging in a social situation. In each trial, more or less socially anxious participants chose between an interaction with a human partner providing social feedback and a monetary amount. With increasing social anxiety, the subjective value of social engagement decreased; amygdala BOLD response during decision-making and when experiencing social feedback increased; ventral striatum BOLD response to positive social feedback decreased; and connectivity between these regions during decision-making increased. Amygdala response was negatively related to the subjective value of social engagement. These findings suggest a relation between trait social anxiety / social avoidance and activity in a subcortical network during social decision-making.
Fig. 10 in Are subcortical rove beetles truly Holarctic? An integrative taxonomic revision of north temperate Quedionuchus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Fig. 10 Distribution of: Quedionuchus plagiatus (Mannerheim) (squares) and Q. gilaensis Brunke (circles) (a); and Q. armipes Sharp (b)
Fig. 5 in Are subcortical rove beetles truly Holarctic? An integrative taxonomic revision of north temperate Quedionuchus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Fig. 5 Quedionuchus samuraicus (Bernhauer and Schubert) (a–d), Q. deceptor Brunke (e–h), Q. caucasicus Brunke (i–i), Q. reitterianus (Bernhauer) (m, o, p), and Q. yunnanensis Brunke (N). Aedeagus in
Fig. 3 in Are subcortical rove beetles truly Holarctic? An integrative taxonomic revision of north temperate Quedionuchus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Fig. 3 Dorsal habitus of: Quedionuchus armipes (Sharp) (a), Q. reitterianus (Bernhauer) (b), Q. yunnanensis (c), and Q. longipennis (d–f), (three colour morphs). Photo of Q. armipes by K.V. Makarov
Fig. 7 Female tergite X in Are subcortical rove beetles truly Holarctic? An integrative taxonomic revision of north temperate Quedionuchus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)
Fig. 7 Female tergite X of: Quedionuchus samuraicus (Bernhauer and Schubert) (a); Q. reitterianus (Bernhauer) (b); Q. longipennis (Mannerheim) (c); Q. plagiatus (Mannerheim) (d); Q. gilaensis Brunke (E); Q. armipes Sharp (F). Scale bars = 0.5 mm
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.