Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
113
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
113 results for “sublethal”
Exposure to sublethal concentrations of a pesticide or predator cues induces changes in brain architecture in larval amphibians, 2013.
Naturally occurring environmental factors shape developmental trajectories to produce variable phenotypes. Such developmental phenotypic plasticity can have important effects on fitness, and has been demonstrated for numerous behavioral and morphological traits. However, surprisingly few studies have examined developmental plasticity of the nervous system in response to naturally occurring environmental variation, despite accumulating evidence for neuroplasticity in a variety of organisms. Here, we asked whether the brain is developmentally plastic by exposing larval amphibians to natural and anthropogenic factors. Leopard frog tadpoles were exposed to predator cues, reduced food availability, or sublethal concentrations of the pesticide chlorpyrifos in semi-natural enclosures. Mass, growth, survival, activity, larval period, external morphology, brain mass, and brain morphology were measured in tadpoles and after metamorphosis. Tadpoles in the experimental treatments had lower masses than controls, although developmental rates and survival were similar. Tadpoles exposed to predator cues or a high dose of chlorpyrifos had altered body shapes compared to controls. In addition, brains from tadpoles exposed to predator cues or a low dose of chlorpyrifos were narrower and shorter in several dimensions compared to control tadpoles and tadpoles with low food availability. Interestingly, the changes in brain morphology present at the tadpole stage did not persist in the metamorphs. Our results show that brain morphology is a developmentally plastic trait that is responsive to ecologically relevant natural and anthropogenic factors. Whether these effects on brain morphology are linked to performance or fitness is unknown.
Sublethal effects of pesticides on predator-prey interactions in amphibians, 2008.
Increasing evidence suggests that contaminants in the environment can have important consequences on organismal interactions. While we have a good understanding of the lethal effects of contaminants on organisms, we have a weak understanding of how contaminants can affect organisms by altering the interactions that they have with other species in the community. Using tadpoles of two anuran species (Bullfrogs, Lithobates [Rana] catesbeianus; Green Frogs, L. clamitans), we investigated the effects of low nominal concentrations (1 and 10 ppb) of two pesticides (malathion and endosulfan) on tadpole activity and survival when exposed to four predator treatments (no predators; water bugs, Belostoma flumineum; newts, Notophthalmus viridescens; and dragonfly larvae, Anax junius). In both anuran species, adding predators reduced tadpole activity and survival, with increasing rates of mortality occurring with water bugs, newts, and dragonflies, respectively. Additionally, the highest concentration of endosulfan caused tadpole mortality after 48 hrs. Most significant, tadpole species also experienced interactive effects of predators and pesticides on survival after 48 hrs. In Bullfrog treatments, all predators reduced the amount of tadpole mortality when exposed to endosulfan. In Green Frogs, additive negative effects occurred, except that newts increased the tadpole mortality when exposed to endosulfan. Our findings illustrate that pesticide effects on predator–prey interactions are often complex and have the potential to alter aquatic community composition.
What doesn’t kill you makes you sluggish: How sublethal pesticides alter predator-prey interactions, 2004.
Pesticides commonly occur in ecological communities at relatively low concentrations, leading to growing interest in determining the sublethal effects of pesticides. Such effects should affect individuals and, in turn, alter interspecific interactions. We sought to determine how sublethal concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 mg/L) of two common pesticides (carbaryl and malathion) affected predator and prey behavior as well as subsequent predation rates. We conducted a series of experiments using three species of larval amphibians (Gray Treefrogs, Hyla versicolor; Green Frogs, Rana clamitans; and American Bullfrogs, R. catesbeiana) and three species of their predators (larval dragonflies, Anax junius; adult water bugs, Belostoma flumineum; and adult Red-spotted Newts, Notophthalmus viridescens). We found that the pesticides frequently reduced the activity of all three tadpole species. For the two invertebrate predators (Anax and Belostoma), the pesticides were lethal, precluding us from examining sublethal effects on predator–prey interactions. However, newt survival was high and the addition of the pesticides reduced the predation rates of newts in one of the three tadpole species. There were no effects of the pesticides on the striking frequency of the newts or on their prey capture efficiency. Thus, the mechanism underlying the pesticide-induced reduction in predation rates remains unclear. What is clear is that sublethal concentrations of pesticides have the potential to alter prey behavior and species interactions and thereby alter the composition of ecological communities.
Sublethal exposure to deltamethrin stimulates reproduction and has limited effects on post-hatching maternal care in the European earwig
<p>Data set and associated R script used to obtain the statistical results presented in the corresponding study.</p>
Lethal and sublethal effects of marine heatwaves on octocorals early life history stages
<p>In this study, the effect of increased water temperature (+4 ºC and +6 ºC above ambient, 20 ºC) on larval survival and settlement was evaluated for two of the most representative Mediterranean octocoral species (<em>Eunicella singularis</em> and <em>Corallium rubrum</em>). Moreover, data on larval biomass and caloric consumption of larvae per day are also provided.Our study shows that warmer treatments did not affect the survival of symbiotic <em>E. singularis </em>larvae, but drastically reduced the survival of the non-symbiotic <em>C. rubrum</em> larvae. The results on larval biomass and caloric consumption suggest that higher mortality rates of <em>C. rubrum</em> exposed to increased temperature were not related to depletion of endogenous energy in larvae. The results also show that settlement rates of <em>E. singularis</em> did not change in response to elevated temperature after 20 days of exposure, but larvae may settle fast and close to their native population at 26 ºC (+6 ºC). Although previous experimental studies found that adult colonies of both octocoral species are mostly resistant to thermal stress, our results on early life history stages suggest that the persistence and inter-connectivity of local populations may be severely compromised under continued trends in ocean warming.</p>
Figure 2 in Sublethal effects of cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen on biological parameters of citrus red mite, Panonychus citri McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Figure 2. Age-stage specific survival rate (Sxj) of offspring from P. citri females treated with LC20 sublethal concentration of cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen compared with untreated females.
Figure 3 in Sublethal effects of cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen on biological parameters of citrus red mite, Panonychus citri McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Figure 3. Age-stage life expectancy (exj) of offspring from P. citri females treated with LC20 sublethal concentration of cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen compared with untreated females.
Fig. 2 in Sublethal effects of indoxacarb and beta-cypermethrin on Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions
Fig. 2. Effects of beta-cypermethrin and indoxacarb sub-lethal concentrations on age-specific survival rate and age-specific fecundity of Rhopalosiphum padi F1 generation. CK: control treatment; B-LC10: LC10 of beta-cypermethrin; BLC30: LC30 of beta-cypermethrin; I-LC10: LC10 of indoxacarb; I-LC30: LC30 of indoxacarb.
Fig. 1 in Sublethal effects of indoxacarb and beta-cypermethrin on Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions
Fig. 1. Comparisons of development times of nymphs (mean ± SE) across all treatments (different letters indicate significant differences between populations at the P <0.05 level). CK: control treatment; B-LC10: LC10 of beta-cypermethrin; B-LC30: LC30 of beta-cypermethrin; I-LC10: LC10 of indoxacarb; I-LC30: LC30 of indoxacarb.
Figure 1 in Lethal and sublethal effects of exposure to Roundup 360 Plus for the Chaoborus flavicans larvae (Diptera: Chaoboridae)
Figure 1. The distribution of C. flavicans larvae within the water column under different concentrations of GLY. Box-mean, whisker-SD, n = 10, 0-close to the bottom, 1-in the water column, 2-close to the surface of the water. The letters above boxes indicate significant differences between time points (Tukey test, p <0.05)
Figure 2 in Lethal and sublethal effects of exposure to Roundup 360 Plus for the Chaoborus flavicans larvae (Diptera: Chaoboridae)
Figure 2. Morphological malformations of C. flavicans larvae. a– control organisms. Note two pairs of air sacs (arrows) and the digestive system (arrowhead). b– magnified picture of a pair of air sacs of a control insect. Note the regular distribution of chromatophores over the sacs. c– C. flavicans larva exposed to 20 µg/L GLY. Note altered pigmentation of the air sacs (arrow) and contortion of the body. d– C. flavicans larva exposed to 100 µg/L GLY. Note altered pigmentation, a contortion of the body that is close to the front air sacs (arrowhead), and darkening of the body. e, f– C. flavicans larva exposed to 400 µg/L GLY. Note the disappearance of pigmentation of air sacs, and the darkening of the body.
Fig. 1 in Hormesis in the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) exposed to sublethal doses of imidacloprid
Fig. 1. Mean number of F1 (A) and F2 (B) nymphs per female Toxoptera citricida treated with a sublethal concentration (0.1 ng per µL) of imidacloprid compared with water control at 3 intervals afer emergence. *Indicates significant differ- ence between control treatment (P <0.05, Student's t-test).
Fig. 7 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA
Fig. 7. Sketches of the orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA illustrating the distribution and formation of cameral deposits. A. Thin section illustrating the bite marks on the dorsal (left) and ventral (right) sides of the conch, the pre− and post−attack cameral deposits, and the post−mortem deposits. The dorsal septum was partly cut off during sectioning. A1, photograph, A2, explanatory sketch drawing. B. Sketch drawing illustrating the distribution of the several mineralogies/materials (HMC, aragonite, siphuncle, hydrocarbons and sediment). C. Hypothetical precipitation of the cameral deposits. C1, C2 before, C3 at the time, and C4–C6 after the attack. For abbreviations and colours used see A. Note that the drawing is prepared from the thin section illustrated in A1 and thus, effects of the cut through the specimen also play a role in the distribution of deposits and the individual parts of the specimen. The interpretation of the precipitation is based on thin sections, serial sections and observation in SEM. Before the attack: C1, the two chambers of the specimen with layers 1 and 2 (black deposit) and an intact siphuncle; the "?" denotes the suggested trend of the deposit in this area; C2, layers 3 (cauliflower−like deposits) and 4 (light brown deposits) are deposited and in the siphuncle the first deposits (layer 5) are precipitated. The attack: C3, damage marks on both sides of the specimen; on the right (ventral) the mark penetrates the cameral deposits layer 1 to 4 (see Fig. 4A). After the attack: C4, deposition of the unusual dark brown cameral deposits (layer 6) in the orad chamber; further growth of the deposits in the orad siphuncle (note: whether these deposited had grown further same time as the dark brown deposits were precipitated cannot be stated without doubt); C5, precipitation of the latest deposits in the chambers (layer 7), mainly at the siphuncle (layer 7) and in the siphuncle (note: the deposits might have started growing in this stage, see also comment on C4). Post−mortem: C6, intrusion of hydrocarbons and sediment; precipitation of calcite cements and diagenesis.
Fig. 6 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA
Fig. 6. Thin sections of the orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA illustrating the whitish (layers 3 and 4) and dark brown deposits (layer 6). A. Layer 4 illustrating the alternation of lighter granular and darker fibrous layers. B. Cauliflower−like to semi−spherical dark brown deposits (layer 6) in the adoral chamber overlying the whitish deposits illustrating the abrupt change in cameral deposition. C. Adoral septum with early deposits, whitish deposits and the dark brown deposits. D. Layered dark brown deposits in the orad chamber. E. Whitish and dark brown deposits in the adoral chamber illustrating the abrupt change in deposition. F. Dark brown deposits showing the alternation of light mineral layers and darker more organic layers.
Fig. 4 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA
Fig. 4. Details of shell wall of the orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA. A. Venter showing the damage on the shell filled with sediment and proving that the damage extends through layer 1, thus opening the chamber for seawater, this establishes that alteration of the original cameral fluid was possible. B. Large spherical dark brownish deposits (layer 6; that the deposit directly above the bite mark appears whitish is an effect of the imaging technique; compare with thin section in Fig. 7A1). C. Siphuncular and cameral deposits in the adapical chamber; siphuncular deposits are best preserved at the adoral end of the chamber inside the connecting ring and adjacent to the ventral side of the septal neck. D. Fragmented siphuncle in the apical chamber with late post−mortem cement filling. Within the connecting ring there are blocky cements, hydrocarbons and some sediment, on the outside outer surface of the connecting ring cameral deposits are present. E. Preserved (circle on the right) and diagenetically altered (circle on the left) aragonite of the middle septum. Hydrocarbons partly cover the nacreous structure. F. Sector of the thin section in Fig. 7A1 illustrating the area of the ventral hole. In the upper right, the boundary between the dark brown cameral deposits is visible (arrow b). On the left and right of the hole the cauliflower−like layer 3 is present, identical structures are missing directly above the bite. On the left and right of and above the hole are the black deposit is present, but this layer is missing within the hole (arrows a). Vertical cracks (arrows c) through the whitish layer (layers 3 and 4) indicate that external pressure was exerted from the outside of the shell. On the right above the bite the whitish deposits shows a structure suggesting that the part left of the crack was moved upward (arrow d).
Fig. 1 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA
Fig. 1. Setting and features of Oklahoma and the Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry. A. Geographical position of Oklahoma (modified after www.stepmap.de). B. Section of Oklahoma with the Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry northeast of the Arbuckle Mountains (indicated with the arrow and the dot); inserted sketch of the geographical position of Sulphur and the Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry area (marked with a star). C. Main section of Oklahoma with the "asphalt belt" of Oklahoma and the Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry within this belt (marked with the oval); modified after Hutchinson (1911: 5). D. Hydrocarbon−soaked cephalopod coquina with an orthoconic (on) and a coiled nautiloid (cn) specimen.
Fig. 3 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA
Fig. 3. Various orthoconic nautiloid specimens from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA: BSPG 2011 0003 (A), BSPG 2011 0004 (B), BSPG 2011 0005 (C), BSPG 2011 0006 (D), BSPG 2011 0007 (E), BSPG 2011 0008 (F), BSPG 2011 0009 (G), and BSPG 2011 0010 (H) representing at least two different undetermined genera with normal, but in part diagenetically altered cameral deposits. Generic determination is difficult because the outer test is missing and the siphuncle is not well preserved or absent and is not aim of this study. Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 5 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA
Fig. 5. Thin sections of the orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA illustrating the whitish cameral deposits (layers 3 and 4) in adoral and adapical chambers. A. Adapical septum, altered early deposits and black deposit overlain by the cauliflower−shaped and laminated whitish cameral deposits in the older chamber. B. Ventral side of the conch with the middle septum, early cameral deposits, the black deposit and the whitish deposits. C. Middle septum with ventral side of the siphuncle of the adapical and adoral chambers; hypo− and episeptal deposits and the black deposit; in the siphuncle sediment and siphuncular deposits are present; in the adapical chamber the filling with hydrocarbons is obvious. D. Ventral side of the adapical chamber with cameral deposits and hydrocarbon filling. E. Whitish cameral deposits and black deposit in the adapical chamber. F. Whitish cameral deposit illustrating the alternation of lighter and darker layers and the grading into darker later deposits of layer 4.
Fig. 2. Investigated orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA
Fig. 2. Investigated orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA with nacreous shine and one of the marks on the conch (dorsal side of the phragmocone). In the middle of this mark a septum is visible (marked with an arrow).
Fig. 2 in Sublethal injuries in Early Devonian cephalopod shells from Morocco
Fig. 2. Remains of orthoconic nautiloids with minor healed fractures ("forma substructa" of Hölder, 1973; a slightly more extensive fracture in D, F), Tafilalt, Morocco. A. Spyroceras patronus (Barrande, 1866), limestone, with shell, MB.C.9652, bed KMO−I, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 38 mm. B. Pseudorthoceratidae indet., limestone, with shell, MB.C.9675, bed KMO−II, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 27 mm. C. Orthocycloceras sp., MB.C.9655, bed KMO−II, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 33 mm. D. Spyroceras aff. patronus (Barrande, 1866), limestone, with shell, MB.C.9653, bed KMO−I, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, height of displayed detail 11 mm; this specimen and the one in F display two fractures, easily detectable by the course of the ribs after the fracture which gradually changes to the "normal" course, compensating for the shell loss. E. Pseudorthoceratidae indet., limestone, with shell, MB.C.9595, bed KMO−II, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 22.9 mm. F. Pseudorthoceratidae indet., PIMUZ 27030, limestone, with shell, latest Pragian or earliest Emsian, Gara Mdouara, length 175 mm. G. Anaspyroceras sp. aff. pseudocalamiteum (Barrande, 1868), limestone, with shell, MB.C.9680, bed KMO−III, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 18.25 mm. H. Plagiostomoceras sp., limonitic internal mould, PIMUZ 27031, earliest Emsian, El Atrous, length 14.3 mm. I. Arionoceratidae indet., limestone, with shell, PIMUZ 27032, latest Pragian or earliest Emsian, Gara Mdouara, length 175 mm. The specimens of figures A–C and D–G were collected and photographed by Björn Kröger (Berlin). All specimens were coated with NH4Cl.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.