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30 results for “sublethal effects”
Sublethal effects of pesticides on predator-prey interactions in amphibians, 2008.
Increasing evidence suggests that contaminants in the environment can have important consequences on organismal interactions. While we have a good understanding of the lethal effects of contaminants on organisms, we have a weak understanding of how contaminants can affect organisms by altering the interactions that they have with other species in the community. Using tadpoles of two anuran species (Bullfrogs, Lithobates [Rana] catesbeianus; Green Frogs, L. clamitans), we investigated the effects of low nominal concentrations (1 and 10 ppb) of two pesticides (malathion and endosulfan) on tadpole activity and survival when exposed to four predator treatments (no predators; water bugs, Belostoma flumineum; newts, Notophthalmus viridescens; and dragonfly larvae, Anax junius). In both anuran species, adding predators reduced tadpole activity and survival, with increasing rates of mortality occurring with water bugs, newts, and dragonflies, respectively. Additionally, the highest concentration of endosulfan caused tadpole mortality after 48 hrs. Most significant, tadpole species also experienced interactive effects of predators and pesticides on survival after 48 hrs. In Bullfrog treatments, all predators reduced the amount of tadpole mortality when exposed to endosulfan. In Green Frogs, additive negative effects occurred, except that newts increased the tadpole mortality when exposed to endosulfan. Our findings illustrate that pesticide effects on predator–prey interactions are often complex and have the potential to alter aquatic community composition.
Sublethal exposure to deltamethrin stimulates reproduction and has limited effects on post-hatching maternal care in the European earwig
<p>Data set and associated R script used to obtain the statistical results presented in the corresponding study.</p>
Lethal and sublethal effects of marine heatwaves on octocorals early life history stages
<p>In this study, the effect of increased water temperature (+4 ºC and +6 ºC above ambient, 20 ºC) on larval survival and settlement was evaluated for two of the most representative Mediterranean octocoral species (<em>Eunicella singularis</em> and <em>Corallium rubrum</em>). Moreover, data on larval biomass and caloric consumption of larvae per day are also provided.Our study shows that warmer treatments did not affect the survival of symbiotic <em>E. singularis </em>larvae, but drastically reduced the survival of the non-symbiotic <em>C. rubrum</em> larvae. The results on larval biomass and caloric consumption suggest that higher mortality rates of <em>C. rubrum</em> exposed to increased temperature were not related to depletion of endogenous energy in larvae. The results also show that settlement rates of <em>E. singularis</em> did not change in response to elevated temperature after 20 days of exposure, but larvae may settle fast and close to their native population at 26 ºC (+6 ºC). Although previous experimental studies found that adult colonies of both octocoral species are mostly resistant to thermal stress, our results on early life history stages suggest that the persistence and inter-connectivity of local populations may be severely compromised under continued trends in ocean warming.</p>
Figure 2 in Sublethal effects of cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen on biological parameters of citrus red mite, Panonychus citri McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Figure 2. Age-stage specific survival rate (Sxj) of offspring from P. citri females treated with LC20 sublethal concentration of cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen compared with untreated females.
Figure 3 in Sublethal effects of cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen on biological parameters of citrus red mite, Panonychus citri McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Figure 3. Age-stage life expectancy (exj) of offspring from P. citri females treated with LC20 sublethal concentration of cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen compared with untreated females.
Fig. 2 in Sublethal effects of indoxacarb and beta-cypermethrin on Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions
Fig. 2. Effects of beta-cypermethrin and indoxacarb sub-lethal concentrations on age-specific survival rate and age-specific fecundity of Rhopalosiphum padi F1 generation. CK: control treatment; B-LC10: LC10 of beta-cypermethrin; BLC30: LC30 of beta-cypermethrin; I-LC10: LC10 of indoxacarb; I-LC30: LC30 of indoxacarb.
Fig. 1 in Sublethal effects of indoxacarb and beta-cypermethrin on Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under laboratory conditions
Fig. 1. Comparisons of development times of nymphs (mean ± SE) across all treatments (different letters indicate significant differences between populations at the P <0.05 level). CK: control treatment; B-LC10: LC10 of beta-cypermethrin; B-LC30: LC30 of beta-cypermethrin; I-LC10: LC10 of indoxacarb; I-LC30: LC30 of indoxacarb.
Figure 1 in Lethal and sublethal effects of exposure to Roundup 360 Plus for the Chaoborus flavicans larvae (Diptera: Chaoboridae)
Figure 1. The distribution of C. flavicans larvae within the water column under different concentrations of GLY. Box-mean, whisker-SD, n = 10, 0-close to the bottom, 1-in the water column, 2-close to the surface of the water. The letters above boxes indicate significant differences between time points (Tukey test, p <0.05)
Figure 2 in Lethal and sublethal effects of exposure to Roundup 360 Plus for the Chaoborus flavicans larvae (Diptera: Chaoboridae)
Figure 2. Morphological malformations of C. flavicans larvae. a– control organisms. Note two pairs of air sacs (arrows) and the digestive system (arrowhead). b– magnified picture of a pair of air sacs of a control insect. Note the regular distribution of chromatophores over the sacs. c– C. flavicans larva exposed to 20 µg/L GLY. Note altered pigmentation of the air sacs (arrow) and contortion of the body. d– C. flavicans larva exposed to 100 µg/L GLY. Note altered pigmentation, a contortion of the body that is close to the front air sacs (arrowhead), and darkening of the body. e, f– C. flavicans larva exposed to 400 µg/L GLY. Note the disappearance of pigmentation of air sacs, and the darkening of the body.
Beyond microplastics: Water soluble synthetic polymers exert sublethal adverse effects in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna - experimental Dataset
<p>This Dataset contains the raw experimental data for the article "Beyond microplastics: Water soluble synthetic polymers exert sublethal adverse effects in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna" by Simona Mondellini, Matthias Schott, Martin G.J. Löder, Seema Agarwal, Andreas Greiner, Christian Laforsch. Published on Science of the Total Environment (2022) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157608">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157608</a><br> The file "dataset information" contains a description of the other files.</p>
Figure 3 in Sublethal effects of spiromesifen on life table traits ofTetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) andNeoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Figure 3 Age-stage life expectancy (exj) of two generations of Tetranychus urticaeexposed to LC20 of spiromesifen.
Figure 6 in Sublethal effects of spiromesifen on life table traits ofTetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) andNeoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Figure 6 Age-stage survival rate (sxj) and age specific survival rate (lx), fecundity (mx), and net maternity l(xmx) of Neoseiulus californicus exposed to LC20 of spiromesifen.
Figure 2 in Sublethal effects of spiromesifen on life table traits ofTetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) andNeoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Figure 2 Age specific survival rate (lx), fecundity (mx), and net maternity l(xmx) of two generations of Tetranychus urticaeexposed to LC20 of spiromesifen.
Sublethal effects of Voliam Flexi on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Insights from Life Table Theory
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Bioaccumulation of the pesticide Imidacloprid in stream organisms and sublethal effects in salamanders in West Virginia
<p>Dataset for the article "Bioaccumulation of the Pesticide Imidacloprid in Stream Organisms and Sublethal Effects on Salamanders." Contains imidacloprid and metabolite concentrations for Desmognathus spp., benthic macroinvertebrates, and stream water. Also contains corticosterone concentration data for Desmognathus spp. and body condition indices for 5 species of stream salamander in relation to water imidacloprid concentrations.Dataset for the article "Bioaccumulation of the Pesticide Imidacloprid in Stream Organisms and Sublethal Effects on Salamanders." Contains imidacloprid and metabolite concentrations for Desmognathus spp., benthic macroinvertebrates, and stream water. Also contains corticosterone concentration data for Desmognathus spp. and body condition indices for 5 species of stream salamander in relation to water imidacloprid concentrations.</p>
Data from: Regime shifts shorten food chains for mesopredators with potential sublethal effects
1. Predator populations are in decline globally. Exploitation, as well as habitat degradation and associated changes in prey availability are key drivers of this process of trophic downgrading. In the short term, longevity and dietary adaptability of large-bodied consumers can mask potential sub-lethal effects of a changing prey base, producing a delayed effect that may be difficult to detect. 2. In coral reef ecosystems, regime shifts from coral- to algae-dominated states caused by coral bleaching significantly alter the assemblage of small-bodied reef fish associated with a reef. The effects of this changing prey community on reef-associated mesopredators remains poorly understood. 3. This study found that the total diversity, abundance and biomass of piscivorous mesopredators was lower on regime-shifted reefs than recovering reefs, 16 years after the 1998 mass coral bleaching event. 4. We used stable isotope analyses to test for habitat-driven changes in the trophic niche occupied by a key piscivorous fishery target species on reefs that had regime-shifted or recovered following climatic disturbance. Using morphometric indices, histology, and lipid analyses, we also investigated whether there were sub-lethal costs for fish on regime-shifted reefs. 5. Stable isotopes demonstrated that fish from regime-shifted reefs fed further down the food chain, compared to recovering reefs. Lower densities of hepatocyte vacuoles in fish from regime-shifted reefs, and reduced lipid concentrations in spawning females from these reefs, indicated a reduction in energy stores, constituting a sub-lethal and potential delayed effect on populations. 6. Reduced energy reserves in mesopredators could lead to energy allocation trade-offs, and decreased growth rates, fecundity, and survivorship, resulting in potential population declines in the longer term.
Data from: Lethal and sublethal synergistic effects of a new systemic pesticide, flupyradifurone (Sivanto®) on honey bees
The honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) is an important pollinator and a model for pesticide effects on insect pollinators. The effects of agricultural pesticides on honey bee health have therefore raised concern. Bees can be exposed to multiple pesticides that may interact synergistically, amplifying their side-effects. Attention has focused on neonicotinoid pesticides, but flupyradifurone (FPF) is a novel butenolide insecticide that is also systemic and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist. We therefore tested the lethal and sublethal toxic effects of FPF over different seasons and worker types, and the interaction of FPF with a common SBI fungicide, propiconazole. We provide the first demonstration of adverse synergistic effects on bee survival and behaviour (poor coordination, hyperactivity, apathy) at field-realistic doses. Pesticide effects were significantly influenced by worker type and season. Foragers were consistently more susceptible to these pesticides (4-fold greater effect) than in-hive bees, and both worker types were more strongly affected by FPF in summer as compared to spring. Because risk assessment requires relatively limited tests that only marginally address bee behaviour and do not consider the influence of bee age and season, our results raise concerns about the safety of approved pesticides, including FPF. We suggest that pesticide risk assessment also test for common chemical mixture synergies on behaviour and survival.
Sublethal effects of a rapidly spreading native alga on a key herbivore
<p>1. Multiple anthropogenic stressors are causing a global decline of foundation species including macrophytes often resulting in the expansion of functionally different more stressor-tolerant macrophytes. Previously subdominant species may experience further positive demographic feedbacks if they are exposed to weaker plant herbivore interactions, possibly via decreased palatability or being structurally different from the species they are replacing. However, the consequences of the spread of opportunistic macrophytes for the local distribution and life-history of herbivores is unknown.</p> <p>2. The green alga, Caulerpa filiformis, previously a subdominant macrophyte on low tidal-shallow subtidal rock shores is becoming locally more abundant and has spread into warmer waters across the coast of New South Wales, Australia. </p> <p>3. In this study, we measured 1) the distribution and abundance of a key consumer, the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma, across a seascape at sites where C. filiformis has become dominant, 2) performed behavioral field experiments to test the role of habitat selection in determining the local distribution of H. erythrogramma and 3) consumer experiments to test differential palatability between previously dominant higher quality species like Ecklonia radiata and Sargassum sp and C. filiformis and the physiological consequences of consuming it. </p> <p>4. At all sites, urchin densities were positively correlated with distance away from C. filiformis beds, and they actively moved away from beds. Feeding experiments showed that, whilst urchins consumed C. filiformis, sometimes in equal amounts to higher quality algae, there were strong sublethal consequences associated with C. filiformis consumption, mainly on reproductive potential (gonad size). Specifically, the gonad size of urchins that fed on C. filiformis was equivalent to that in starved urchins. There was also a tendency for urchin mortality to be greater when fed C. filiformis.</p> <p>5. Overall, strong negative effects on herbivore life-history traits and potentially their survivorship may establish further positive-feedbacks on C. filiformis abundance that contribute to its spread and may mediate shifts from top-down to bottom-up control at locations where C. filiformis has become dominant.</p>
Data for manuscript:"Chronic exposure to sublethal levels of pesticides has significant effects on fitness and morphology in the ant, Cardiocondyla obscurior"
<p>All data used in analysis for manuscript "<strong>Chronic exposure to sublethal levels of pesticides has significant effects on fitness and morphology in the ant, <em>Cardiocondyla obscurior"</em></strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Bioaccumulation of the pesticide Imidacloprid in stream organisms and sublethal effects in salamanders in West Virginia
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