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3 results for “subnivean”
Snowmelt lysimeter chemistry data from Soddie, Subnivean, Saddle and TB site, 1993 - 2013.
Snowmelt lysimeters were located at the soddie and subnivean sites on Niwot Ridge from 1993 to 2013, with the larger array located at the soddie site. The soddie lysimeter array is a collection of 105 snowmelt lysimeters that collect discharge measurements at the base of the snowpack. Each lysimeter is a polyethylene pan with 22 cm high vertical walls and 47 cm by 39.5 cm in horizontal extent resulting in a footprint area of ~1,850 cm2. The height of the lysimeter walls prevent both the loss of water out of the lysimeters and the influx of water from saturated zones along the snow-soil interface [Kattelmann, 2000]. Many lysimeters were functional at the soddie site during spring snowmelt (April through July) for water years 1993 through 2013. The 1998 water year had only 36 lysimeters installed. From 1999 through 2001, the array was organized as a two meter grid nested within a four meter grid. In the 2002 water year, 15 of lysimeters on the perimeter were relocated to increase the density of the inner grid. Lysimeters were moved from locations of low snow accumulation on the eastern edge and a region that collects debris during melt on the western edge. By 2010 the number of snowmelt lysimeters at the soddie was reduced to 6. Meltwater collected by the lysimeters flowed to an underground laboratory through flexible PVC piping into Rainwise Rainew Tipping Bucket Rain Gauges. 250ml sample bottles were placed above the tipping buckets at some locations to collect snowmelt from the lysimeters for chemical analysis. Samples were collected once to twice daily depending on snowmelt rates. Upon sample collection some of the snowmelt sample collected in the 250ml bottle was poured off into a 30ml glass bottle for oxygen isotope analysis. Snowmelt samples were collected and analyzed for cations and anions at the Mountain Research Station's Kiowa Laboratory previously, and INSTAAR's Arikaree lab currently.
Data from: Under the snow: a new camera trap opens the white box of subnivean ecology
Snow covers the ground over large parts of the world for a substantial portion of the year. Yet very few methods are available to quantify biotic variables below the snow, with most studies of subnivean ecological processes relying on comparisons of data before and after the snow cover season. We developed a camera trap prototype to quantify subnivean small mammal activity. The trap consists of a camera that is attached facing downward from the ceiling of a box, which is designed to function as a snow-free tunnel. We tested it by placing nine traps with passive infrared sensors in a subarctic habitat where snow cover lasted for about 6 months. The traps were functional for the whole winter, permitting continuous data collection of site-specific presence and temporal activity patterns of all three small mammal species present (the insectivorous common shrew, Sorex araneus, the herbivorous tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus, and the carnivorous stoat, Mustela erminea) as well as abiotic conditions (presence/absence of snow cover and subnivean temperature). Based on their successful functioning (only 6% of the photographs appeared empty or were of poor quality, whereas ca 80% were of small mammals and the remaining of birds and invertebrates), we discuss how the new camera trap can enable subnivean studies of small mammal communities. This greatly increases the temporal resolution and extent of data collection and thereby provides unpreceded opportunities to understand population and food web dynamics in ecosystems with snow cover.
Data from: Under the snow: a new camera trap opens the white box of subnivean ecology
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