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54 results for “subordination”
Data in: Aging power spectrum of membrane protein transport and other subordinated random walks
<p>Datasets generated in the report "Aging power spectrum of membrane protein transport and other subordinated random walks". Included data are:</p> <p><strong>Numerical simulations </strong><br> RWdata1.mat: 10,000 realizations, subordinated random walk with Hurst exponent, <em>H</em>=0.3 and <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span>=0.4.<br> RWdata3.mat: 10,000 realizations, subordinated random walk with Hurst exponent, <em>H</em>=0.7 and <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span>=0.4.<br> RWdata8.mat: 5,000 realizations, subordinated random walk with Hurst exponent, <em>H</em>=0.75 and <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span>=0.8.<br> RWdataCTRW.mat: 10,000 realizations, continuous time random walk (CTRW), <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span>=0.7.</p> <p><strong>Spectra of simulations</strong><br> PSDdata1.mat: Power spectral density (PSD) of a subordinated random walk with Hurst exponent, <em>H</em>=0.3 and <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span>=0.4. Five different realization times are used to compute the PDS: 2^8, 2^10, 2^12, 2^14, and 2^16.<br> PSDdata3.mat: PSD of a subordinated random walk with Hurst exponent, <em>H</em>=0.7 and <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span>=0.4. Five different realization times are used to compute the PDS: 2^8, 2^10, 2^12, 2^14, and 2^16.<br> PSDdata8.mat: PSD of a subordinated random walk with Hurst exponent, <em>H</em>=0.75 and <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span>=0.8. Four different realization times are used to compute the PDS: 2^15, 2^16, 2^17, and 2^18.<br> PSDs_CTRW.mat: PSD of a continuous-time random walk (CTRW), <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span>=0.7. Five different realization times are used to compute the PDS: 2^8, 2^10, 2^12, 2^14, and 2^16.</p> <p><strong>Experimental data of Nav1.6 channels in the soma of hippocampal neurons</strong><br> NavMSDtimes.csv: ensemble-averaged (EA) MSD and time-averaged (TA) MSD. The TA-MSD is measured for three observation times, 64, 128, and 256 frames (3.2, 6.4, and 12.8 s).<br> NavPSD.csv: Power spectral density (PSD) measured for three observation times, 64, 128, and 256 frames.</p>
An integrated population model reveals source-sink dynamics for competitively subordinate African wild dogs linked to anthropogenic prey depletion
<ol> <li>Many African large carnivore populations are declining due to decline of the herbivore populations on which they depend. The densities of apex carnivores like the lion and spotted hyena correlate strongly with prey density, but competitive subordinates like the African wild dog benefit from competitive release when the density of apex carnivores is low, so the expected effect of a simultaneous decrease in resources and dominant competitors is not obvious. </li> <li>Wild dogs in Zambia's Luangwa Valley Ecosystem occupy four ecologically similar areas with well-described differences in the densities of prey and dominant competitors, due to spatial variation in illegal offtake.</li> <li>We used long-term data to fit a Bayesian integrated population model (IPM) of the demography and dynamics of wild dogs in these four regions. The IPM used Leslie projection to link a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model of area-specific survival (allowing for individual heterogeneity in detection), a zero-inflated Poisson model of area-specific fecundity, and a state-space model of population size that used estimates from a closed mark-capture model as the counts from which (latent) population size was estimated.</li> <li>The IPM showed that both survival and reproduction were lowest in the region with the lowest density of preferred prey (puku, <em>Kobus vardonii</em>, and impala, <em>Aepyceros</em> <em>melampus</em>), despite little use of this area by lions. Survival and reproduction were highest in the region with the highest prey density, and intermediate in the two regions with intermediate prey density. The population growth rate (λ) was positive for the population as a whole, strongly positive in the region with the highest prey density, and strongly negative in the region with the lowest prey density.</li> <li>It has long been thought that the benefits of competitive release protect African wild dogs from the costs of low prey density. Our results show that the costs of prey depletion overwhelm the benefits of competitive release and cause local population decline where anthropogenic prey depletion is strong. Because competition is important in many guilds and humans are affecting resources of many types, it is likely that similarly fundamental shifts in population limitation are arising in many systems.</li> </ol>
Dataset: The Carlyle Group Inc. 4.625% Subordinated Notes due 2061 (CGABL) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Dataset: TPG Operating Group II, L.P. 6.950% Fixed-Rate Junior Subordinated Notes due 2064 (TPGXL) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Text-fig. 3. Geological map and schematic geological section of the discovery site of the Late Upper Palaeolithic skull from Moča (southern Slovakia). I. – Primary position (?), II. – The discovery site (secondary position), A – B – The schematic geological section of the discovery site 1. H – Fluvial clayey to sandy loams (subordinately humolites) – Holocene; secondary discovery site layer, 2. lm-pH – Loam – peat – Holocene, 3. e Wl – Eolian sands – Late Würm (Late glacial of Würm), 4. lm,sWl – Fluvial clayey (to humic) loams or fine sands – Late Würm (Late glas cial of Würm); original discovery site layer, now eroded, 4a. fe Wl – Fluvial – aeolian silty sands (calcareous) – Late Würm (Late glacial s-lm of Würm), 5. lmW3 – Fluvial loams, sandy loams – final Würm (W3), 5a. W3 – Fluvial sands – final (?) Würm (?W3), 6. gW2+3 – Fluvial gravs els, sandy gravels, sands with gravel – Pleniglacial of Würm (W2+3), 7. lW – Aeolian loess and loess loams – Würm (undivided) in A Late Upper Palaeolithic Skull From Moča (The Slovak Republic) In The Context Of Central Europe
Text-fig. 3. Geological map and schematic geological section of the discovery site of the Late Upper Palaeolithic skull from Moča (southern Slovakia). I. – Primary position (?), II. – The discovery site (secondary position), A – B – The schematic geological section of the discovery site 1. H – Fluvial clayey to sandy loams (subordinately humolites) – Holocene; secondary discovery site layer, 2. lm-pH – Loam – peat – Holocene, 3. e Wl – Eolian sands – Late Würm (Late glacial of Würm), 4. lm,sWl – Fluvial clayey (to humic) loams or fine sands – Late Würm (Late glas cial of Würm); original discovery site layer, now eroded, 4a. fe Wl – Fluvial – aeolian silty sands (calcareous) – Late Würm (Late glacial s-lm of Würm), 5. lmW3 – Fluvial loams, sandy loams – final Würm (W3), 5a. W3 – Fluvial sands – final (?) Würm (?W3), 6. gW2+3 – Fluvial gravs els, sandy gravels, sands with gravel – Pleniglacial of Würm (W2+3), 7. lW – Aeolian loess and loess loams – Würm (undivided)
Data from: Effects of immune status on stopover departure decisions are subordinate to those of condition, cloud cover and tailwind in autumn-migrating common blackbirds (Turdus merula)
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An integrated population model reveals source-sink dynamics for competitively subordinate African wild dogs linked to anthropogenic prey depletion
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Finnish referative constructions and subordinate että clauses in the Bible translations 1548-2020, coded verses
<p>Aineisto sisältää tiedot vuoden 1548 Uudesta testamentista haettujen referatiivirakenteiden ja <em>että</em>-lauseiden paikoista, jakaumasta ja matriisilauseiden verbeistä sekä vastineista uudemmissa raamatunkäännöksissä.</p> <p>Lähteet:</p> <p>Biblia. 1642. <em>Biblia</em>. <em>Se on: coco pyhä Ramattu, suomexi</em>. Stockholm: Henrich Keyser.</p> <p>Biblia. 1776. <em>Biblia</em>. <em>Se on: coco pyhä Ramattu, suomexi</em>. Turku: Johan Christopher Frenckell.</p> <p>Raamattu. 1938. <em>Pyhä Raamattu</em>. Sortavala: Suomen kirkon sisälähetysseura.</p> <p>Raamattu. 1992. <em>Pyhä Raamattu</em>. Helsinki: Suomen Pipliaseura.</p> <p><em>Se Wsi Testamenti</em> = The Morpho-Syntactic Database of Mikael Agricola's Works version 1.1, Korp. The database is available through the Korp Interface at <a href="http://korp.csc.fi/">http://korp.csc.fi/</a>. Access location: <a href="http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:lb-2019121803">http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:lb-2019121803</a>.</p> <p><em> </em><em>Uusi </em><em>testamentti 2020</em> – <em>Raamattu mobiilikäyttäjille</em>. 2020. Helsinki: Suomen Pipliaseura. </p>
Data for article on "Selectives ("topic markers") on subordinate clauses", published in Linguistics
<p>Dataset for study on "Selectives (“topic markers”) on subordinate clauses" (Appendix F)</p>
Data from: Dispersal decreases survival but increases reproductive opportunities for subordinates in a cooperative breeder
<p>In most socially structured populations, the formation of new groups depends on the survival and reproduction of dispersing individuals. Quantifying vital rates in dispersers, however, is difficult due to logistic challenges of following wide-ranging animals. Here, using data from free-ranging meerkats (<i>Suricata suricatta</i>), we estimated survival and reproduction of dispersing and established resident females. Meerkat groups consist of a dominant pair and several subordinate helpers. Female helpers are evicted from their resident groups by the dominant female, allowing her to monopolize reproduction, and evicted females may form small dispersing coalitions. As in established resident groups, one female is behaviourally dominant in parties of dispersing females.</p> <p>We compared the survival, birth, and recruitment rates of dominant and subordinate females in dispersing coalitions to those of dominant and subordinate females in resident groups. We further compared the frequencies of different mortality causes (e.g., predation, disease) between dispersers and residents. For dispersers, we assessed if survival rates varied with dispersal distance and between transience and settlement stages of dispersal.</p> <p>During dispersal and the first four months after new group formation, survival is lower for all females compared to established resident groups. At the same time, subordinates in disperser groups have higher birth rates than those in established groups, which rarely breed successfully. This may partly offset the survival costs of dispersal to subordinate females. Further studies of dispersal based on direct observation of dispersing animals are needed to explore the costs and benefits of dispersal in species with contrasting breeding systems.</p>
Long-term data reveal fitness costs of anthropogenic prey depletion for a subordinate competitor, the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus
<p>Within carnivore guilds, dominant competitors (e.g., lions, <em>Panthera leo</em>) are limited primarily by the density of prey, while subordinate competitors (e.g., African wild dogs, <em>Lycaon pictus</em>) have been limited by the density of dominant competitors. Historically, the fitness and population density of subordinate competitors have not been tightly linked to prey density. However, populations of large herbivores have declined substantially across sub-Saharan Africa due to human impacts, and where prey depletion is severe, fitness costs for competitive subordinates may begin to outweigh the benefits of competitive release. Using long-term intensive monitoring of African wild dogs in Zambia's Luangwa Valley Ecosystem (LVE), we tested the effects of prey depletion on survival and reproduction. Our study area included four contiguous regions that varied in protection, prey density, and lion density. We fit Bayesian Cormack-Jolly-Seber and closed-capture models to estimate effects on survival and population density, and generalized linear models to estimate effects on reproductive success. We found that the LVE is a stronghold for wild dogs, with an estimated median density of 4.0 individuals/100 km<sup>2</sup>. Despite this high density, survival and reproduction differed among regions, and both components of fitness were substantially reduced in the region with the lowest prey density. Anthropogenic prey depletion is becoming an important limiting factor for African wild dogs. If prey depletion (or any other form of habitat degradation) becomes severe enough that its fitness costs outweigh the benefits of competitive release, such changes can fundamentally alter the balance between limiting factors for competitively subordinate species.</p>
Data from: Functional response of subordinate species to intraspecific trait variability within dominant species
1. Dominant species can act as a biotic filter in structuring plant communities by constraining the establishment and survival of subordinate species. The effect of intraspecific trait variability of dominant species on the functional response of subordinate species, however, is not well understood. 2. We quantified intraspecific variation in four functional traits of 26 subordinate species established in an experimental grassland established with two population sources (i.e., cultivars and local ecotypes) of three dominant grasses (Sorghastrum nutans, Andropogon gerardii, and Schizachyrium scoparium) and three pools of subordinate species (each from one origin) within each of the dominant grass source treatments. 3. Twenty of the 26 subordinate species exhibited intraspecific trait variability for one trait or more in response to dominant species population source, and variation among population sources of the dominant species was non-random. Dominant grass population source affected intraspecific variability in functional traits of multiple subordinate species. Cultivar sources of the dominant grasses and some of the subordinate species that established with them had higher and generally more variable functional leaf area and leaf nitrogen content compared to local ecotypes of the dominant grasses and the subordinate species that established with them. 4. Synthesis. This study provides evidence that intraspecific trait variability in dominant species acts as an inner, biotic filter to constrain niche availability and dimensionality affecting trait variation of subordinate species during community assembly.
Non-negligible contribution of subordinates in community-level litter decomposition: deciduous trees in an evergreen world
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Size-dependent costs of migration: migrant bird species are subordinate to residents, but only at small body sizes
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Data from: Dispersal decreases survival but increases reproductive opportunities for subordinates in a cooperative breeder
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Long-term data reveal fitness costs of anthropogenic prey depletion for a subordinate competitor, the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)
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Data from: Functional response of subordinate species to intraspecific trait variability within dominant species
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The fecundity–longevity trade-off in a clonal eusocial insect: in isolation, subordinate workers match dominants in reproduction
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Reintroduced wolves and hunting limit the abundance of a subordinate apex predator in a multi-use landscape
Top-down effects exhibited by apex predators are modulated by human impacts on community composition and species abundances. For these reasons, research supporting strong top-down effects of apex predators occurs almost entirely within protected areas rather than the much more common multi-use landscapes dominating modern ecosystems. Based on 16 years of monitoring, we developed an integrated population model to disentangle the concurrent contributions of a reintroduced apex predator, the gray wolf, human hunting, and prey abundances on vital rates and abundance of a subordinate apex predator, the puma. Increasing wolf numbers had strong negative effects on puma fecundity, and subadult and adult survival. Puma survival was also influenced by density-dependence. Overall, our results showed that puma dynamics in our multi-use landscape were more strongly influenced by top-down forces exhibited by a reintroduced apex predator, than by human hunting or bottom-up forces (prey abundance) subsidized by human activities. Quantitatively, the average annual impact of human hunting on equilibrium puma abundance was approximately equivalent to the effects of 20 wolves. Based on these results, wolves may have limited pumas across North America historically, and dictated puma scarcity in systems lacking sufficient refugia to mitigate the effects of competition.
Data from: Group-size dependent punishment of idle subordinates in a cooperative breeder where helpers pay to stay
In cooperative breeding systems, dominant breeders sometimes tolerate unrelated individuals even if they inflict costs on the dominants. According to the 'pay-to-stay' hypothesis, (i) subordinates can outweigh these costs by providing help and (ii) dominants should be able to enforce help by punishing subordinates that provide insufficient help. This requires that dominants can monitor helping and can recognize group members individually. In a field experiment, we tested whether cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher subordinates increase their help after a forced 'idle' period, how other group members respond to a previously idle helper, and how helper behaviour and group responses depend on group size. Previously, idle helpers increased their submissiveness and received more aggression than control helpers, suggesting that punishment occurred to enforce help. Subordinates in small groups increased their help more than those in large groups, despite receiving less aggression. When subordinates were temporarily removed, dominants in small groups were more likely to evict returning subordinates. Our results suggest that only in small groups do helpers face a latent threat of punishment by breeders as predicted by the pay-to-stay hypothesis. In large groups, cognitive constraints may prevent breeders from tracking the behaviour of a large number of helpers.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.