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193 results for “subterranean habitat”
Sexual dimorphism in subterranean amphipod crustaceans covaries with subterranean habitat type: data and R code
<p>The data and R code used for data analyses in the manuscript titled "Sexual dimorphism in <em>Niphargus </em>amphipods is predicted by surface-subterranean environmental gradient". The collection contains:</p> <ol> <li>A zipped folder "videos", where raw videos used in the study are stored.</li> <li>A zipped folder "tracking_results", where video-tracking results obtained from the raw videos are stored, along with supporting files and R code (Rscript_extract_behavior.Rmd) with custom functions (Behavior_custom_functions.Rmd) needed to analyze tracking results and retrieve final behavioral data.</li> <li>A README file with details on how the data and code is organized.</li> <li>Supplementary Material file including all raw data used in the main data analysis (SupplementaryMaterial.xlsx)</li> <li>A supporting file with data from another study used in the main data analysis (sex_ratio.xlsx, results from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jeb.13917; https://zenodo.org/records/5175861)</li> <li>Two files containing phylogenetic trees: one complete phylogenetic tree of<em> Niphargus </em>(consensus_tree)<em> </em>and 100 randomly drawn phylogenetic trees from the stationary phase of the Bayesian analysis, pruned to focal species (100_pruned_trees), which were used in the main data analysis.</li> <li>The Rcode containing the code of the main data analysis to reproduce the reported results (RScript_data_analysis.Rmd), as well as some additional analyses not included in the manuscript.</li> </ol>
The interplay between habitat use, morphology and locomotion in subterranean crustaceans of the genus Niphargus
<p>Locomotion is an important, fitness-related functional trait. Environment selects for type of locomotion and shapes the morphology of locomotion-related traits such as body size and appendages. In subterranean aquatic arthropods, these traits are subjected to multiple, at times opposing selection pressures. Darkness selects for enhanced mechano- and chemosensory systems and hence elongation of appendages. Conversely, water currents have been shown to favor short appendages. However, no study has addressed the variation in locomotion of invertebrates inhabiting cave streams and cave lakes, or questioned the relationship between species' morphology and locomotion. To fill this knowledge gap, we studied the interplay between habitat use, morphology and locomotion in amphipods of the subterranean genus Niphargus. Previous studies showed that lake and stream species differ in morphology. Namely, lake species are large, stout and long-legged, whereas stream species are small, slender and short-legged. We here compared locomotion mode and speed between three lake and five stream species. In addition, we tested whether morphology predicts locomotion. We found that the stream species lie on their body sides and move using slow crawling or tail-flipping. The species inhabiting lakes move comparably faster, and use a variety of locomotion modes. Noteworthy, one of the lake species almost exclusively moves in an upright or semi-upright position that resembles walking. Body size and relative length of appendages predict locomotion mode and speed in all species. We propose that integrating locomotion in the studies of subterranean species might improve our understanding of their morphological evolution. </p>
The interplay between habitat use, morphology and locomotion in subterranean crustaceans of the genus Niphargus
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FIGURE 13 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 13. Stygobromus foliatus, sp. n. Seep in Pettigrew Wildlife Management Area, 0.5 km SE of Skinkers Corner, Caroline Co..Virginia. Paratype female (8.0 mm): (a, b, c, d, e), pereopods 3, 4 (in part), 5, 6, 7 (in part). Note: pereopods 6 and 7 subequal except coxal plates differ as shown. Coxal gills shown on pereopods 3 and 4. All pereopods and basic gnathopods to same scale.
FIGURE 8 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 8. Stygobromus paxillus, sp. n. Prettyboy Dam West Spring, Baltimore Co., Maryland. Paratype female (3.0–3.5 mm): (a, b), antennae 1, 2 (accessory flagellum of antennae 1 enlarged); (c) right mandible (spine row, lacinia mobilis and incisor enlarged); (d) left mandible; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped.All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae to smaller scale.
FIGURE 9 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 9. Stygobromus paxillus, sp. n. Pretty Boy Dam West Spring, Baltimore Co., Maryland.Paratype female (3.0–3.5 mm): (a) gnathopod 1 (palmar spine enlarged); (b) gnathopod 2 (palm and palmar spines enlarged in part). Gnathopods drawn to same scale.
FIGURE 5 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 5. Stygobromus felleri, sp. n. Funks Pond Spring, Cecil County, Maryland. Paratype male (4.0–4.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1, antenna 2 (accessory flagellum and aesthetacs of antenna 1 enlarged); (c) left mandible (inner face enlarged); (d) right mandible in part (inner face enlarged); (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. Antennae drawn to same scale; maxillae 1 & 2 to same scale; maxilliped and lower lip to smaller scale.
FIGURE 4 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 4. Stygobromus caecilius, sp. n. Belvedere Seepage Woods, Cecil County, Maryland. Holotype specimen (2.0–2.5 mm): (a, b, c, d, e) pereopods 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; (f) bifurcate lateral sternal gill (process); (g) pleonal plates 1, 2, 3; (h) pleopod; (i, j, k.) uropods 1, 2, 3; (l) telson. Pereopods, pleonal plates and bifurcate lateral gill drawn to same scale; all other structures (uropods, pleopod & telson) to larger scale.
FIGURE 1 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 1. Distribution of four new species of Stygobromus from the Coastal Plain and eastern Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, United States. The restricted distributions of S. caecilius, S. felleri and S. paxillus. are indicated by single symbols. Stygobromus foliatus is more widely distributed and recorded from multiple locations on opposite sides of the Potomac River in Charles and S. Mary's counties in Maryland, and Caroline, Westmoreland and King & Queen counties in Virginia. Several closely spaced localities in Caroline County are indicated by a single symbol. The curved line through MD and VA marks the approximate boundary between the Coastal Plain to the east and the Piedmont to the west.
FIGURE 7 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 7. Stygobromus felleri, sp. n. Funks Pond Spring, Cecil County, Maryland. Paratype male (4.0–4.5 mm): (a, b, c, d, e) pereopods 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; (f) lateral sternal gill from pereopod 7; (g) lateral sternal gill from pereopod 6; (h) pleonal plates; (i) pleopod; (j, k, l) uropods 1, 2, 3; (m) telson. Antennae, pereopods 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and pleonal plates drawn to same scale; gnathopods 1 & 2, pleopod, uropods and telson to larger scale.Maxillae 1 & 2 drawn to larger scale than other mouthparts. Inner faces of molars and palms of gnathopods greatly enlarged.
FIGURE 12 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 12. Stygobromus foliatus, sp. n. Seep in Pettigrew Wildlife Management Area, 0.5 km SE of Skinkers Corner, Caroline Co..Virginia. Paratype female (8.0 mm): (a) gnathopod 1 (palmar region and rastellate setae greatly enlarged; (b) gnathopod 2 (propodus and rastellate setae greatly enlarged). Basic gnathopods drawn to same scale. Enlargements: gnathopod 1 (4X); gnathopod 2 (2X).
FIGURE 11 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 11. Stygobromus foliatus, sp. n. Seep in Pettigrew Wildlife Management Area, 0.5 km SE of Skinkers Corner, Caroline Co., Virginia. Paratype female (8.0 mm): (a, b) antennae 1, 2 (aesthetacs on antenna 2 enlarged as indicated); (c) right mandible in part (palp not drawn, similar to left mandible); (d), left mandible; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilla 2; (h) maxilliped. All mouthparts drawn to same scale; antennae to smaller scale.
FIGURE 10 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 10. Stygobromus paxillus, sp. n. Pretty Boy Dam West Spring, Baltimore Co., Maryland.Paratype female (3.0–3.5 mm): (a, b, c, d, e) pereopods 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; (f) median sternal gills (processes); (g) pleonal plate; (h, i, j) uropods 1, 2, 3; (k) telson. All pereopods, pleonal plate, uropods 1 & 2 drawn to same scale; uropod 3 and telson to larger scale.
FIGURE 3 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 3. Stygobromus caecilius, sp. n. Belvedere Seepage Woods, Cecil County, Maryland. Holotype specimen (2.0–2.5 mm: (a) gnathopod 1; (b) gnathopod 2.
FIGURE 2 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 2. Stygobromus caecilius, sp. n. Belvedere Seepage Woods, Cecil County, Maryland. Holotype specimen (2.0–2.5 mm): (a, b) antenna 1, antenna 2; (c) right mandible; (d) left mandible; (e) lower lip; (f) maxilla 1; (g) maxilliped; (h). Antennae drawn to same scale; other mouthparts to larger scale. Inner face of mandibles enlarged as indicated.
FIGURE 14 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 14. Stygobromus foliatus, sp. n. Seep in Pettigrew Wildlife Management Area, 0.5 km SE of Skinkers Corner, Caroline Co..Virginia. Paratype female (8.0 mm): (a) leaf-like sternal gills (processes); (b) brood plate; (c) pleonal plates (left to right) 1, 2, 3; (d) uropod 1; (e) uropod 2; (f) uropod 3; (g) telson. Brood plates, sternal gills, uropods 1 and 2 drawn to same scale; uropod 3 and telson to larger scale. Pleonal plates greatly reduced and drawn to much smaller scale than other structures.
FIGURE 6 in Four new species of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from shallow groundwater habitats on the Coastal Plain and eastern margin of the Piedmont in Maryland and Virginia, USA
FIGURE 6. Stygobromus felleri, sp. n. Funks Pond Spring, Cecil County, Maryland.Paratype male (4.0–4.5 mm): (a, b) gnathopods 1, 2 (palmar margins enlarged). Gnathopods drawn to larger scale than antennae.
FIGURES 85–90 in Studies on subterranean amphipod crustaceans of Primory, Russia. Part 1. Three new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx from springs and other groundwater habitats in far eastern Russia
FIGURES 85–90. Pseudocrangonyx sympatricus, sp. nov., female, 6.25 mm, holotype X38655/Cr-1471-FEFU: (85) gnathopod 1; (86) gnathopod 2; (87) pereopod 3; (88) pereopod 7; (89) pereopod 6; (90) pleopod 1. Scale bars 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 64–69. Pseudocrangonyx kseniae Sidorov, 2012 in Studies on subterranean amphipod crustaceans of Primory, Russia. Part 1. Three new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx from springs and other groundwater habitats in far eastern Russia
FIGURES 64–69. Pseudocrangonyx kseniae Sidorov, 2012, male, 4.2 mm, X38653/Cr-1469-FEFU: (64) gnathopod 1; (65) gnathopod 2; (66) uropod 1; (67) uropod 2; (68) uropod 3; (69) telson. Scale bars 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 33–41 in Studies on subterranean amphipod crustaceans of Primory, Russia. Part 1. Three new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx from springs and other groundwater habitats in far eastern Russia
FIGURES 33–41. Pseudocrangonyx holsingeri, sp. nov., female, 5.5 mm, holotype X38654/Cr-1470-FEFU: (33) head; (34) antenna 1, (35) antenna 2; (36) uropod 1; (37) uropod 2; (38) uropod 3; (39) telson; (40) epimera 1–3; (41) gnathopod 1. Scale bars 0.2 mm.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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