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955 results for “subtropic”
Chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in an oligotrophic subtropical wetland/estuary ecosystem, Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida from December 2001 to January 2002
The objective of this study was to investigate in detail the molecular characteristics of DOM in a sub-tropical, oligotrophic aquatic environment, namely the Florida coastal Everglades, along a freshwater wetland, mangrove fringe to estuarine transect. For this purpose, surface waters from five sites along Taylor Slough ranging from freshwater marsh to mangrove ecotone environments, as well as three sites within the Florida Bay estuary were collected for analyses. Fluorescence properties of DOM were measured for a quick assessment of DOM quality. Ultrafiltered DOM samples (UDOM; less than 0.7 um, greater than 1000 Da) were concentrated and freeze dried for the determination of bulk C composition, lignin-phenol concentration, and neutral sugar composition. These molecular characteristics were investigated by 13C-NMR spectroscopy, TMAH thermochemolysis, and hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), respectively. Furthermore, UDOM samples were classified by cluster analysis based on their pyrolysis products obtained via flash pyrolysis-GC/MS.
Characterization of dissloved organic nitrogen in an oligotrophic subtropical coastal ecosystem (Taylor Slough and Shark River Slough) for December 2001 in Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida, USA
A better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients entering Florida Bay is a key issue regarding the restoration of the Everglades. In addition to precipitation, the other major source of freshwater to Florida Bay is from Taylor Slough and the C-111 Basin in the northeast section of the Bay. While it is known that these areas deliver significant amounts of N to the Bay, a significant portion of this is in the form of dissolved organic N (DON). The sources, environmental fate and bioavailability to microorganisms of this DON are however, not known. Should this DON be readily available, any increased load as a function of restoration changes might have an impact on internal phytoplankton bloom dynamics. No significant flocculation or precipitation of DOM occurred with increase in salinity, meaning that terrestrial DOM does not get trapped in the sediments but stays in the water column where it subjected to photolysis and advective transport. Sunlight has a significant effect on the chemical characteristics of DOM. While the DOC levels did not change significantly during photo-exposure, the optical characteristics of the DOM were modified. The environmental implications of this are conflicting: photo-induced polymerization may stabilize the DOM by reducing its bioavailability while photolysis may make the DOM more labile. Overall, DON bioavailability was relatively low in this region. Even though the amount of DON loaded to the bay may be significant, the fraction of DON available for microbial cycling is much smaller. The amount of N supplied by recycling may be a significant portion of the total DIN pool. All this must be considered in context with the proposed CERP modifications to flows. As of the latest initial Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Project (CERP) update, the flows to Taylor Slough and C-111/Panhandle Basis are not predicted to change very much from base conditions. Therefore we do not expect any great increases in TN loading in this
Biomarker assessment of spatial and temporal changes in the composition of flocculent material (floc) in the subtropical wetland of the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE) from May 2007 to December 2009
Flocculent material (floc) is an important energy source in wetlands. In the Florida Everglades, floc is present in both freshwater marshes and coastal environments and plays a key role in food webs and nutrient cycling. However, not much is known about its environmental dynamics, in particular its biological sources and bio-reactivity. We analysed floc samples collected from different environments in the Florida Everglades and applied biomarkers and pigment chemotaxonomy to identify spatial and seasonal differences in organic matter sources. An attempt was made to link floc composition with algal and plant productivity. Spatial differences were observed between freshwater marsh and estuarine floc. Freshwater floc receives organic matter inputs from local periphyton mats, as indicated by microbial biomarkers and chlorophyll-a estimates. At the estuarine sites, the floc is dominated by mangrove as well as diatom inputs from the marine end-member. The hydroperiod (duration and depth of inundation) at the freshwater sites influences floc organic matter preservation, where the floc at the short-hydroperiod site is more oxidised likely due to periodic dry-down conditions. Seasonal differences in floc composition were not consistent and the few that were observed are likely linked to the primary productivity of the dominant biomass (periphyton in the freshwater marshes and mangroves in the estuarine zone). Molecular evidence for hydrological transport of floc material from the freshwater marshes to the coastal fringe was also observed. With the on-going restoration of the Florida Everglades, it is important to gain a better understanding of the biogeochemical dynamics of floc, including its sources, transformations and reactivity.
Data from Yellow Sigatoka monitoring methods in the subtropical climate of southern Brazil
<h2>Description of the data and file structure</h2> <p>In this study four methods of disease monitoring were tested under field conditions: Biological Pre Warning (BPW); Stage of Evolution (SE); youngest Leaf Spotted (YLS); Infection Index (II). The BPW system evaluates the youngest leaves (2, 3, and 4), assigning a value for each type of lesion present, as well as for intensity of the lesion on the leaves (BUREAU et al., 1992). In the dataset is cited as the variable gross sum (points).</p> <p>The SE evaluates more leaves (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) and scores only the most advanced symptoms of leaf disease, but without considering lesion intensity (GANRY et al., 2008). The SE calculation also corrects the gross sum of the disease according to leaf emission. The leaf emission rate was calculated using the Brun scale, which evaluates cigar leaf growth in decimals from 0.0 to 0.8. In the dataset is cited as the variable corrected gross sum (points).</p> <p>YLS is evaluated as the first leaf that has 10 spots with gray centers (CARLIER et al., 2003). In the dataset is cited as the variable YLS, which means the leaf position counted from the top to the botton of the plant (leaf number 3, leaf number 4...).</p> <p>Sigatoka Infection Index is quantified by assessing the severity of banana leaf disease using the Stover scale, with indexes from 0 to 50%, by means of the following formula: Infection Index =% (IF): [Σn × b / (N- 1) × T] × 100, in which: n = the number of leaves at each Stover scale level; b = degree according to the scale; N = the number of degrees employed in the scale (6); T = the total number of leaves evaluated (CARLIER et al., 2003). In the dataset is cited as the variable Infection index that should be understood like the severity of this leaf disease.</p> <p>In the second phase of the study, two monitoring methods were applied in commercial orchards in order to compare the standard model (Biological Pre-Warning – BPW) with the alternative method selected in the experimental phase (Youngest Leaf Spotted – YLS). The methods were applied, as described before in three sites in Criciúma (site 1) and Siderópolis (sites 2 e 3), municipalities in the southern coast of the state of Santa Catarina, from March 2016 to November 2018. During this period, 37 disease evaluations were performed at each location.</p> <p>Disease data of the experimental area were submitted to descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation at 5% probability of error. Disease progress curves were also plotted. The disease development data in commercial orchards were analyzed by plotting disease progress curves for BPW and by frequency distribution (%) for the YLS variable during all period of the experiment.</p>
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre RCLV Atlas (Version 2)
<p>This dataset tracks Rotationally Coherent Lagrangian Vortices (RCLVs) at an 8-day resolution in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre region around Hawai’i. The ‘lat’ and ‘lon’ variables represent the center coordinates of the vortex, or the extremum of integrated relative vorticity. The contour boundaries demark the edge of the RCLV based on 32-day backward-in-time Lagrangian trajectories. In other words, eddies in this dataset represents a fluid mass of substantial size that was coherent for at least 32 days. The fluid masses are tracked through time to assign IDs and RCLV ages. The software used to generate the dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/lexi-jones/RCLVatlas (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7702978" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.5281/ZENODO.7702978</a>).</p> <p>Version 1 of the dataset (https://simonscmap.com/catalog/datasets/RCLV_atlas; DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8139149" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.5281/ZENODO.8139149</a>) only includes contours that represent features of age 32 days or older. Version 2 extends the dataset to include eddy genesis by advecting the particle sets backward-in-time to age 24, 16, and 8 days.</p>
Patch-burn grazing impacts forage resources in subtropical humid grazinglands
Subtropical humid grazing lands represent a large global land use and are important for livestock production, as well as supplying multiple ecosystem services. Patch-burn grazing (PBG) management is applied in temperate grazing lands to enhance environmental and economic sustainability; however, this management system has not been widely tested in subtropical humid grazing lands. The objective of this study was to determine how PBG affected forage resources, in comparison with the business-as usual full-burn (FB) management in both intensively managed pastures (IMP) and seminative (SN) pastures in subtropical humid grazing lands. We hypothesized that PBG management would create patch contrasts in forage quantity and nutritive value in both IMP and SN pastures, with a greater effect in SN pastures. A randomized block design experiment was established in 2017 with 16 pastures (16 ha each), 8 each in IMP and SN at Archbold Biological Station’s Buck Island Ranch in Florida. PBG management employed on IMP and SN resulted in creation of patch contrast in forage nutritive value and biomass metrics, and recent fire increased forage nutritive value. Residual standing biomass was significantly lower in burned patches of each year, creating heterogeneity within both pasture types under PBG. PBG increased digestible forage production in SN but not IMP pastures. These results suggest that PBG may be a useful management tool for enhancing forage nutritive value and creating patch contrast in both SN and IMP, but PBG does not necessarily increase production relative to FB management. The annual increase in tissue quality and digestible forage production in a PBG system as opposed to once every 3 yr in an FB system is an important consideration for ranchers. Economic impacts of PBG and FB management in the two different pasture types are discussed, and we compare and contrast results from subtropical humid grazing lands with continental temperate grazing lands.
Litterfall in tabonuco (subtropical wet) forest in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico (MRCE Litterfall data)
Treatments common to both sites are quarterly fertilization (macro- and micronutrients) and unmanipulated. At El Verde, a third set of plots was subject to a one time removal of litter and woody debris generated by Hurricane Hugo (September 1989). Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Data and script: Catchment scale deforestation increases the uniqueness of subtropical stream communities
<p>These are datasets on benthic diatom and insect communities sampled in 100 streams along a gradient of land use intensification, ranging from streams in pristine forests to agricultural catchments in southeast subtropical Brazil. Data also include information on instream and land-use variables.</p> <p>In addition to the datasets, we also provide the R codes used to investigate whether compositional uniqueness (LCBD) and species contribution to beta diversity (SCBD) of stream diatoms and insects can be predicted by instream and land-use characteristics and by species traits and taxonomic relatedness, respectively. </p>
Time series measurements of nitrogen fixation in the subtropical North Pacific (extended through 2019)
<p>Rates of N<sub>2</sub> fixation were measured using the <sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub> isotopic tracer technique. Sampling occurred during near-monthly Hawaii Ocean Time-series cruises. Whole seawater samples from six discrete depths (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, and 125 m) were subsampled into acid-washed 4.3 L polycarbonate bottles. The <sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub> gas was first dissolved into seawater and 100 mL of the resulting <sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>-enriched water was added to 4.3 L polycarbonate sampling bottles. The resulting atom % enrichment of stocks of <sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>-enriched seawater was measured using a membrane inlet mass spectrometer. Incubation bottles amended with the <sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub> tracer were attached to a free-drifting array and incubated at the discrete depths from which samples had been collected. The array was deployed before dawn and samples were incubated at in situ light and temperature for 24 h. After recovery of the array, the entire volume from each bottle was filtered onto a pre-combusted glass microfiber filter (Whatman 25 mm GF/F) and filters were placed onto pre-combusted pieces of foil in Petri dishes and stored frozen at -20°C. Filters were dried for 24 h at 60°C, pelleted, and the total mass of N and its isotopic signature on each filter were analyzed on an elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Carlo-Erba EA NC2500 coupled with ThermoFinnigan Delta S). </p>
Thomas_et_al_2023_[updated]_The_potential_of_hay_for_graminoid_introduction_in_the_restoration_of_subtropical_grasslands_results_from_a_greenhouse_experiment
<p>Data set from a greenhouse experiment where we aimed to assess the effect of three harvest dates of hay and two amounts of dry hay in the emergency of seedlings, to application in ecological restoration of Campos Sulinos grasslands, South Brazil.</p>
Diel-regulated transcriptional cascades of microbial eukaryotes in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
<p>Trinity <em>de novo </em>assemblies of 24 poly-A+ selected, combined-replicate metatranscriptomes from HOE-Legacy 2 cruise KM1513 (Jul 24 - Aug 6, 2015). KM1513 cruise information, plots, and associated environmental data for the HOE Legacy II cruise can be found online at <a href="http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hoelegacy/hoelegacy.html">http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hoelegacy/hoelegacy.html</a>. Raw metatranscriptome short-read sequence data is available in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under BioProject ID PRJNA492142. Code associated with this project is available on Github (<a href="https://github.com/armbrustlab/diel_eukaryotes">https://github.com/armbrustlab/diel_eukaryotes</a>).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Phytoplankton list of taxa and cell biovolume from a subtropical coastal lagoon, South America
<p>We share information about the phytoplankton community from a subtropical coastal lagoon, Laguna de Rocha, a Biosphere Reserve, located in Uruguay, South America (34°37'60" S, 54°18'0" W). The lagoon is ~ 72 km2 with a mean depth of 0.5 m, and is characterized by a strong South-North salinity gradient that reflects its intermittent connection to the Atlantic Ocean (in the South). The lagoon has been subject to eutrophication in the last several decades. The dataset presented here belongs to the publication of Bonilla et al., 2005 (doi.org/10.1007/BF02696017). We present the complete list of phytoplankton taxa identified in a survey (1996-2000) for two sites, South and North, locations described in figure 1 (Bonilla et al., 2005). We also presented the cellular linear measurements and the cell biovolume of the most representative taxa. We believe these data are useful for the scientific community interested in phytoplankton dynamics, diversity and calculation of biomass (biovolume).</p>
Time series measurements of nitrogen fixation in the subtropical North Pacific (extended through 2019) (Reformatted)
<p>Rates of N2 fixation were measured using the 15N2 isotopic tracer technique. Sampling occurred during near-monthly Hawaii Ocean Time-series cruises. Whole seawater samples from six discrete depths (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, and 125 m) were subsampled into acid-washed 4.3 L polycarbonate bottles. The 15N2 gas was first dissolved into seawater and 100 mL of the resulting 15N2-enriched water was added to 4.3 L polycarbonate sampling bottles. The resulting atom % enrichment of stocks of 15N2-enriched seawater was measured using a membrane inlet mass spectrometer. Incubation bottles amended with the 15N2 tracer were attached to a free-drifting array and incubated at the discrete depths from which samples had been collected. The array was deployed before dawn and samples were incubated at in situ light and temperature for 24 h. After recovery of the array, the entire volume from each bottle was filtered onto a pre-combusted glass microfiber filter (Whatman 25 mm GF/F) and filters were placed onto pre-combusted pieces of foil in Petri dishes and stored frozen at -20°C. Filters were dried for 24 h at 60°C, pelleted, and the total mass of N and its isotopic signature on each filter were analyzed on an elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Carlo-Erba EA NC2500 coupled with ThermoFinnigan Delta S). Dataset has been reformatted to meet submission requirements for Simons CMAP.</p>
Data_Schönauer et al. (2023)_Root and branch hydraulic functioning and trait coordination across organs in drought-deciduous and evergreen tree species of a subtropical highland forest
<p>Data used in</p> <p>Schönauer, M., Hietz, P., Schuldt, B., and Rewald, B. (2023). Root and branch hydraulic functioning and trait coordination across organs in drought-deciduous and evergreen tree species of a subtropical highland forest. Frontiers in plant science 14, 1127292. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1127292</p>
Data for "Origins of Uncertainty in Projections of Summer North Pacific Subtropical High"
<p>This dataset contains the results of the numerical experiments used in manuscript "Origins of Uncertainty in Projections of Summer North Pacific Subtropical High"</p>
CO2 concentrations and emissions from subtropical headwater streams, São Carlos, Brazil, 2018
The data were collected in the municipalities of São Carlos, Itirapina, and Brotas in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Six sandy/rocky-bottom headwater streams (1st to 2nd order) were selected based on the main land use in the catchment. Three streams drained sugarcane plantations, and three streams drained native vegetation catchments (Cerrado vegetation). The catchment drainage areas were determined using digital elevation models. Land use was classified based on satellite images from LANDSAT using ArcGIS software. The data were collected to study the impact of different land uses (sugarcane plantations vs. native vegetation) on the headwater streams. These streams have previously been studied for methane dynamics, indicating a focus on understanding environmental and ecological impacts. Three samples were collected from each stream during spring, summer, and winter using the headspace extraction technique. Due to access issues, samples from one stream were not collected in spring and summer 2018. Syringes filled with ultrapure nitrogen were used to collect stream water samples, which were then shaken to equilibrate gases. The gas was analyzed using a Shimadzu GC-2014 gas chromatograph equipped with various detectors. Concentrations were compared with standards to calculate CO2 levels, and CO2 emissions were calculated based on gas transfer velocity and dissolved concentrations.
Fig. 8 in Optimal fishing samplers to reveal the morphological structure of a fish assemblage in a subtropical tidal flat
Fig. 8. Redundancy analysis (RDA): individual species-gear relationships explained by morphological shape variability, using incidence data. In blue, fishing gear acronyms: beach seine (BS), cast net (CN), fish trap (FT), hook and line (HL), inner encircling gillnet (EG1), large gillnet (LG), marginal encircling gillnet (EG2), otter trawl (OT), small gillnet (SG).
Fig. 4 in Optimal fishing samplers to reveal the morphological structure of a fish assemblage in a subtropical tidal flat
Fig. 4. Morphospace represented by shape variation of all species in the nine fishing gears grouped, using the relative warps: a. 1 and 2; b. 1 and 3. Acronyms: Anc tri, Anchoa tricolor; Bat sop, Bathygobius soporator; Bot oce, Bothus ocellatus; Cen par, Centropomus parallelus; Chi spi, Chilomycterus spinosus; Dia rho, Diapterus rhombeus; Elo sau, Elops saurus; Epi mar, Epinephelus marginatus; Hip rei, Hippocampus reidi; Lut ana, Lutjanus analis; Lut cya, Lutjanus cyanopterus; Mal del, Malacoctenus delalandii; Myr pun, Myrophis punctatus; Oph gom, Ophichthus gomesii; Pol vir, Polydactylus virginicus; Sca cri, Scartella cristata; Sco bra, Scomberomorus brasiliensis; Sel set, Selene setapinnis; Sel vom, Selene vomer; Sph tes, Sphoeroides testudineus; Str mar, Strongylura marina; Sym tes, Symphurus tesselatus; Tra myo, Trachinocephalus myops. Threatened species (Hip rei, Lut ana, Lut cya, Epi mar) are highlighted in red.
Figs. 17-20 in Stink Bugs (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) And An Unique Host Plant In The Brazilian Subtropics
Figs. 17-20. Loxa deducta: 17, adults on fruits of privet; 18, fifth instar on a privet leaf; 19, egg mass on a privet leaf. 20, fifth instar of Acrosternum impicticorne on privet fruits. (Scales: 2mm, fig. 17; 1mm, figs. 18-19; 0,5mm, fig. 20).
Figs. 1-7 in Stink Bugs (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) And An Unique Host Plant In The Brazilian Subtropics
Figs. 1-7. Seasonal abundance of nymphs and adults of the most common pentatomids found on privet Ligustrum lucidum during a one-year period in northern Paraná state, Brazil.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.