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16 results for “successional habitats”
Acetylene reduction and 15N2 uptake rates for Alnus tenuifolia and Alnus crispa in six different successional habitats
This study sought to determine the conversion factor between acetylene reduction and N-fixation rates by root nodules excised from naturally-occurring Alnus tenuifolia and Alnus crispa plants in 18 sites in the BNZ-LTER. N-fixation rate was measured via uptake of 15N2 by excised nodule tissue. Sites were chosen to represent three replicates of early, mid, and late successional habitats on the Tanana River floodplain and in surrounding upland areas. A. tenuifolia was sampled in floodplain sites, and A. crispa in uplands. Parameters measured: acetylene reduction rate, N2 fixation rate, ratio of acetylene reduced to N2 fixed, soil temperature, leaf del 15N, and specific leaf weight. Most of the fixed nitrogen (N) that enters the N cycle in Alaskan forests is fixed biologically by alder (Alnus spp.) in symbiosis with the N-fixing bacterial genus Frankia. Estimates of gross N inputs resulting from this process ultimately rely on accurate measurement of N-fixation by nodule tissue. These rates are typically estimated by measuring rates of acetylene reduction by nodule tissue, then using an empirically determined conversion factor to obtain the corresponding N fixation rate. The purposes of this study were to determine: 1) the conversion factor(s) for Alnus tenuifolia and Alnus crispa in the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest, and 2) whether the conversion factor varied between plants occurring in different successional habitats.
Figure 1 in Habitat structure and host plant specialization drive taxonomic andfunctional composition of Heteroptera in postfire successional habitats
Figure 1. Geographic location of the study area in NE Spain (inner rectangle) and distribution of sampled sites. Squares: burnt, logged, and subsoiled site (site S); Circles: burnt and logged site (site L); Triangles: repeat-burnt site (site R); Stars: unburnt site (site U). The striped area was logged after the 2003 fire and the squared area was subsoiled. Light and dark gray areas represent surfaces affected by one (2003) and two (1970 and 2003) fires, respectively. The green line is the limit of the natural park. The black area is a village.
Effects of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivory on plant cover in early successional habitat
This dataset contains the response of plant cover in response to experimental vertebrate exclusion and invertebrate suppression over time.
Effects of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivory on plant cover in early successional habitat: Stem production and browsing on plants within experimental plots on the Tanana River 2012-2013
This dataset contains information on stem production and browsing on plants within experimental plots on the Tanana River. There are 6 permanent plots, each of which contains two fenced subplots and two unfenced subplots. Subplots are sprayed with either insecticide (insect-treated subplots) or water (controls) annually. This particular dataset contains the number and size of stems produced by Salix interior on unfenced study plots, and the number and size of stems browsed, during 2012-13.
Data from: Edaphic factors, successional status, and functional traits drive habitat associations of trees in naturally regenerating tropical dry forests
1. Many studies have examined individual environmental drivers of tropical tree species distributions, but edaphic and successional gradients have not been considered simultaneously. Furthermore, determining how functional traits influence species distributions along these gradients may help to elucidate mechanisms behind community assembly. 2. To assess the influence of environmental filtering on tropical dry forest (TDF) tree species distributions we used forest inventory data from sites with large edaphic and successional gradients in NW Costa Rica. Our goals were to determine (1) whether edaphic or successional factors are more important determinants of the abundance of individual tree species in regenerating TDF, (2) how species-level functional traits are related to edaphic and/or successional niche associations of tree species, and (3) correlations between species-level edaphic and successional niche associations. 3. The distributions of 82 focal tree species were strongly driven by both edaphic and successional gradients. Overall, 94% of species responded to soil chemistry, 89% to soil texture, and 94% to stand age gradients. Some functional traits were correlated with the edaphic and successional niche associations of TDF tree species. Species that specialized on soils with high total nutrient concentrations had higher foliar nutrient concentrations (nitrogen and phosphorus) and lower leaf dry matter content (LDMC). Species with wider stand age niches had lower LDMC and wood density. There were no correlations between edaphic and successional niche optima of TDF tree species. 4. Our results indicate that successional and edaphic gradients concurrently drive community assembly in regenerating TDF. Moreover, our work underscores the importance of considering how the functional characteristics of TDF trees dictates species distributions across environmental gradients.
Potential growth more than functional traits explain successional habitat filtering of rainforest trees
<ol> <li>Species along successional gradients differ in functional traits, which may function as environmental filters and also explain differences in growth rates. Alternatively, species might be filtered by growth rates and these are explained by differences in other traits. We explored the relationships between leaf and wood traits, growth and successional habitat, and asked if growth is related to habitat because both are driven by a similar set of traits or if growth is the main trait explaining habitat and relationships with other traits are indirect.</li> <li>Tropical trees are often classified as second-growth (SG) or old-growth (OG) specialists, and generalists. Since succession is a continuous process and lumping species into three groups may not do justice to gradual differences, we tested if a continuous variable based on relative tree abundance in OG and SG forests might be a better predictor than classifying trees' habitat preferences into categories.</li> <li>We measured height growth of 47 trees species planted in a reforestation trial in Costa Rica and evaluated size-standardized potential growth during the first years when there was little shading among trees. Growth and habitat were related to wood density (WD), theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Kh), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf nitrogen content (N).</li> <li>Potential growth rates and Kh were significantly correlated with habitat measured on a continuous scale, while growth and LDMC differed among the three groups of habitat specialization. Growth was also correlated with WD and Kh.</li> <li>Habitat specialization was correlated with the first principal component of the functional traits space. However, structural equation models suggest that the relationship with leaf and wood traits is mostly indirect and potential growth is the most important trait directly related to environmental filtering along a successional gradient. In our dataset, classifiying the successional status of species using the proportion of records from OG forests explains traits about as well as a classification into three groups, but provides more information about the species' position along the successional gradient.</li> </ol>
Successional habitat filtering of rainforest trees is explained by potential growth more than by functional traits
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Data from: Edaphic factors, successional status, and functional traits drive habitat associations of trees in naturally regenerating tropical dry forests
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Habitat management interventions for a specialist mid- successional grassland butterfly, the Lulworth Skipper
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Data from: Seed to seedling transitions in successional habitats across a tropical landscape
Recognition that tree recruitment depends on the balance between seed arrival and seedling survival has led to a surge of interest in seed-dispersal limitation and seedling-establishment limitation in primary forests. Virtually unaddressed are comparisons of this balance in mature and early successional habitats. We assessed seed rain and seedling recruitment dynamics of tree species in primary forest, secondary forest and pasture released from grazing in a tropical agricultural landscape. Seed to seedling ratios (seed effectiveness; Φi) for 43 species in southern Mexico determined differences in the extent to which seeds produced seedlings by habitat, life history, and dispersal mode. Reproductive potential as estimated by the transition from seed rain to seedling recruitment, differed by habitats, and varied dramatically by life history and dispersal mode. Expected recruit densities (Eit) were higher for animal-dispersed than wind-dispersed species, and for non-pioneer than pioneer species. Non-pioneers and animal-dispersed species had higher expected relative recruit abundance (εit) in primary forest (median of 4 seeds recruit−1) whereas in secondary forest wind-dispersed pioneers had the highest expected relative recruit abundance (median of 16 seeds per recruit). In pastures, wind-dispersed pioneer species were most successful with many more seeds per recruit (median of 291) than both forest habitats. Seeds per recruit (Φi) appeared to decrease with increase in seed mass for 43 species for which data were available (r = –0.55, P < 0.001). This was associated with a negative correlation of Φi with seed size in primary forest (r = –0.50, P = 0.08 for 13 species); Φi was not correlated with seed size in secondary forest (n = 16) or pasture (n = 14). Metrics of seeds per recruit, expected recruit density and expected relative recruit abundance dramatically illustrate differences in barriers to recruitment in successional habitats.
Predicting pasture and forest landowner intention to create early successional habitat
<p>As human land uses expand across the landscape, the management practices of private landowners are an essential part of effective conservation. Early successional habitats (ESH) and the species that depend on them are a priority in the eastern United States, and efforts to create ESH on private lands has primarily focused on forest landowners and timber harvests. Private pasture lands in a forested landscape present an additional opportunity to create and maintain ESH, yet our understanding of landowner values and attitudes about management strategies in pastures is lacking. To address this, we surveyed private landowners in 5 Virginia counties who own ≥10.1 ha or >610 m elevation (<i>n</i> = 503). Our primary objective was to understand how a variety of factors such as landowner values, past experience with habitat management, and perceived barriers to carrying out habitat management are associated with private landowner intention to carry out 7 ESH management strategies (i.e., reduced mowing, reduced grazing, timber harvests within forest, timber harvests at a field-forest border, prescribed fire, use of machinery, and use of herbicides to control invasive species) for the benefit of wildlife in the next five years. We used boosted regression trees to determine which factors best predicted the intention to carry out each strategy. We were able to effectively predict (accuracy > 75%) landowner intention to engage in open pasture and timber management strategies. Landowner values were not consistent across the different management strategies; landowners likely to reduce mowing or grazing valued ecological aspects of their land (i.e., pollinator habitat water quality) whereas landowners likely to harvest timber valued hunting and revenue. Past experience with wildlife management was the strongest predictor of likelihood to reduce mowing and grazing. Our results suggest that expanding outreach efforts to include pasture management options would engage a broader set of landowners in creation of ESH, especially if such efforts highlighted the benefits to pollinator species, water quality, and enhanced opportunities for hunting and other types of recreation.</p>
Data from: Seed to seedling transitions in successional habitats across a tropical landscape
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Predicting pasture and forest landowner intention to create early successional habitat
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Data from: Environmental gradients and the evolution of successional habitat specialization: a test case with 14 Neotropical forest sites
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Figure 4 in Habitat structure and host plant specialization drive taxonomic andfunctional composition of Heteroptera in postfire successional habitats
Figure 4. Local networks indicating interactions between bug species and their potential food sources. For abbreviations of plant species (left side of the graph), see Appendix 3. For abbreviations of bug species (right side of the graph), see Table 2. Abbreviations of sites: R, repeat-burnt sites; L, burnt logged; S, burnt logged and subsoiled; U, control unburnt. Lines in network U define the four modules detected in the unburnt site network.
Figure 3 in Habitat structure and host plant specialization drive taxonomic andfunctional composition of Heteroptera in postfire successional habitats
Figure 3. Biplot of the best model redundancy analysis of the percentage of bugs within each trophic group in the 20 sampling plots (see best model in Table 6). Environmental variables: PCA1, PCA2, Sab, Gab, Tab, Trich (see Section 2 for explanation of variables). Arrows pointing from origin to each bug feeding group have been omitted for clarity. Abbreviations of bug feeding groups: Om, omnivorous; Zoo, zoophagous; Pol, phytophagous-polyphagous; Oli, phytophagous-oligophagous; Mon, phytophagous-monophagous. Abbreviations of the sampling plots: R1 to R5, Repeat-burnt; L1 to L5, burnt logged; S1 to S5, burnt logged and subsoiled; U1 to U5 control unburnt. Axis 1 (horizontal) was significant (permutation test: 199 permutations, F-ratio = 15.2342, P = 0.005), representing 46. 7% of the data variance. Axis 2 (vertical) was not significant (6.3% of explained variance; permutation test: 399 permutations, F-ratio = 2.0471, P = 0.100).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.