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980 results for “sulfate”
Chloride and sulfate concentrations in 1918 Marsh, Madison, WI, 2012-2024
Beginning in 2012, chloride and sulfate concentrations were collected at a suite of sampling locations in and around 1918 Marsh, a small wetland on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus from 2012-2024. Water temperature, water depth, and ice thickness are provided for each sampling event where applicable. Since fall 2014 water was collected via syringes, and filtered through a 25 mm 0.45µm GMF filter into plastic scintillation vials in the field. All samples were analyzed on an ion chromatograph (Dionex ICS 2100) using an electro-chemical suppressor. Prior to September 2014 samples were taken by dipping the opening of a plastic sample bottle below the surface and the sample was filtered in the Laboratory prior to chemical measurements. Samples were largely from the fall/winter season and taken at ca. 3-week intervals. In these early samples dissolved oxygen was also measured with a DO meter in the field. The University of Wisconsin–Madison deposits plowed snow each winter onto a gravel lot located adjacent to the snowpile. Photos of the snowpile from 2013 to 2024 are also provided, with a vertical pole for scale.
Non-refractory particulate sulfate and chloride data from a time of flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor around the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/17, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) campaign was conducted between 20th December 2016 and 19th March 2017. The time of flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM, Aerodyne Research Inc.) was deployed. It is capable of providing 10-minute resolution chemical compositions of NR-PM1 (non-refractory particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 µm), including sulphate, nitrate, ammonium and organics. Chloride is refractory and can only be measured qualitatively, that is relative changes in intensity are trustworthy while absolute concentrations are a clear underestimation, because most of the chloride is in refractory form as part of sea salt in the marine environment. Since this ACSM dataset was collected on the ship, the ship exhaust will occasionally interfere with the natural signal. Therefore data gaps exist. The overall concentrations of particulate organics, nitrate and ammonium remained low, mostly below detection limit, except during the polluted periods. Thus, we do not report these three components. Only sulphate can be retrieved as a quantitative variable from this dataset.</p> <p>This dataset provides limited information on the chemical composition of sub-micron non-refractory aerosol in the Southern Ocean and gives hints on potential sources. Chloride clearly reflects the contribution of sea salt to the aerosol population. This can be checked by relating the particulate chloride to wind speed (Landwehr et al., 2019; 10.5281/zenodo.3379590) and particles with large diameters (Schmale et al., 2019; 10.5281/zenodo.2636709). Particulate sulphate may originate from a variety of sources: sea salt (minor contribution), anthropogenic emissions and natural marine emissions of dimethylsulfide, which is converted to SO2 and sulphuric acid in the atmosphere and can subsequently partition into the particle phase via gas-phase or aqueous phase reactions (Schmale et al., 2019).</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>raw_chl_SO4_mz_55_57_manual_with_flags.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>calibration_info.csv, metadata, comma-separated values</li> </ul>
Sulfate Concentrations and Sulfur Stable Isotope Ratios in Surface Water from the Marlborough and Waipara Winegrowing Regions, South Island of New Zealand, 2023
Agricultural sulfur (S) additions are a major anthropogenic source of S to the environment, yet our understanding of the downstream transformations and potential environmental consequences of these S inputs remains incomplete. This dataset includes surface water samples from the Marlborough and Waipara winegrowing regions of the South Island of New Zealand, where frequent applications of S fungicide are widespread. Samples were analyzed for sulfate concentration and S stable isotope ratios – the combination of which forms the S “fingerprint”. We collected surface water samples during the winter of 2023 from a variety of different locations and land use types, including vineyards, forests, pastures, and urban areas. The data table includes water sample sulfate concentrations, sulfate-S stable isotope measurements, and the S stable isotope composition of commonly used S-containing fungicides and fertilizers for comparison.
Microbial Sulfate Reduction Rates in Soils in the Napa River Watershed, California, USA, 2021-2023
Agricultural sulfur (S) inputs are a major source of anthropogenic S to the environment, often stimulating microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) in downstream environments, which can drive a cascade of unintended ecosystem consequences. This dataset includes samples collected throughout the Napa River Watershed, California, USA, where routine, high S applications to vineyards are common. Sampling was focused confirming the presence of microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) within upland soils, challenging the conventional view that this process is restricted to fully saturated environments. We collected soil samples for sulfate concentrations, sulfate reduction rates (SRRs), and organic C content (Loss On Ignition, LOI) under three different hydrological conditions: while soils were moist (November 2021), dry (January/February 2022), and saturated (January/February 2023). We collected samples from a variety of different land cover types, including vineyard, vineyard stream, grassland, forest, forest stream, and wetland.
Sulfate reductions rates in alpine wetlands, 2021.
Alpine ecosystems serve as crucial water resources for many areas of the world, and biogeochemical cycling in these regions can influence the chemistry of water flowing into downslope watersheds. Alpine and subalpine wetlands are understudied systems of particular interest since lowland wetlands are known to have high rates of biogeochemical activity that can disproportionally affect carbon (C) and nutrient uptake, sequestration, and transformations within the landscape. Wetland processes play a central role in sulfur (S) transformations and have conditions that can support sulfate reduction. Sulfate reduction determines the sequestration of S in wetlands and interacts closely with a multitude of other element cycles, including iron, carbon, nitrogen, and mercury. As alpine systems warm due to climate change, it is important to characterize the biogeochemical processes at these sites to predict how they may shift in response. Sulfate reduction rates were measured in three wetlands at the Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research site. A new radioactive tracer method was adapted and streamlined to suit alpine soils. This work trials and assesses various methodological approaches, as well as documents sulfate reduction rates from these sites, the first time this process has been measured at Niwot Ridge. Reduction rates at one site were measured three times, to track changes across the Summer 2021 field season.
Silver film response to sulfate reduction activity in alpine and subalpine wetlands, 2022.
Alpine ecosystems serve as crucial water resources for many areas of the world, and biogeochemical cycling in these regions can influence the chemistry of water flowing into downslope watersheds. Alpine and subalpine wetlands are understudied systems of particular interest since lowland wetlands are known to have high rates of biogeochemical activity that can disproportionally affect carbon (C) and nutrient uptake, sequestration, and transformations within the landscape. Wetland processes play a central role in sulfur (S) transformations and have conditions that can support sulfate reduction. Sulfate reduction determines the sequestration of S in wetlands and interacts closely with a multitude of other element cycles, including iron, carbon, nitrogen, and mercury. Previous work in Niwot alpine and subalpine wetlands noted large variability in sulfate reduction rates within wetland soils. Samples taken less than a meter away from each other sometimes showed almost 70x higher or lower rates (Rea, unpublished work). This work sought to adapt a silver film method to quantify sulfate reduction rates over small-scale spatial areas. The method proved valuable as a quick indicator of sulfate reduction activity and was able to visualize soil heterogeneity. However, the silver films were not sensitive enough to quantify sulfate reduction rates in situ.
Sulfate Isotope and geochemical ice core data from Dronning Maud Land over the penultimate glacial termination
<p>Sulfur isotope data over the penultimate termination from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land (EDML) ice core as published in Fischer et al., Nature Geosciences, 2024. The file contains:</p> <ul> <li>measured geochemical and sulfur isotope data from the EDML ice core over the time interval 112-153 kyr before present</li> <li>deconvolution of different sulfur sources for the EDML ice core over the time interval 112-153 kyr before present</li> <li>reconstruction of atmospheric sulfate aerosol concentrations from the EDML ice core over the time interval 112-153 kyr before present</li> <li>measured geochemical and sulfur isotope data data from the shallow coastal B38 ice core over the time interval 1964-1968</li> </ul>
Supplementary Data from, "A Mechanistic Model of Annual Sulfate Concentrations in the U.S."
<p>These data are used to perform the analysis contained in, "A Mechanistic Model of Annual Sulfate Concentrations in the United States," by Wikle, Hanks, Henneman, and Zigler. This is purely for archival purposes, to facilitate access and replication of the aforementioned analysis. All data were obtained from the following publicly available sources:</p> <p>1) AMPD Unit Data (U.S. EPA, "Air markets program data," https://ampd.epa.gov/ampd)</p> <p>2) 2010 U.S. Population Density (U.S.G.S., http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F74J0C6M)</p> <p>3) SO4 Concentrations (Randall Martin Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group's North American Regional Estimates, version V4.NA.02, https://sites.wustl.edu/acag/datasets/surface-pm2-5/#V4.NA.03)</p> <p>4) North American Regional Reanalysis Meteorological Data (NOAA, https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.narr.monolevel.html)</p> <p>Code and supplementary material from this analysis are available at: https://github.com/nbwikle/mechanisticSO4-supp_material</p>
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Copper Sulfate Dataset
<p>The data has been produced by the Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik (IMT) at Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT). This dataset represents the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) files, which belong to one MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) study and contain a series of images that have been measured with different protocols. The samples shown by the images are tubes, which contain different concentrations of CuSO4. The DICOM file headers have metadata tags, which embody additional information about the study and the particular series.</p>
Concentrations of methane, sulfate and lipid biomarkers and carbon isotope values oof lipids in the sediments from the outer Laptev Sea
<p>The dataset contains the concentrations of methane, sulfate and microbial lipid biomarkers, and the carbon isotope composition of lipids in the sediment collected from the SWERUS-C3 expedition in 2014. The core sediment samples were from stations 13, 14 and 23 in the outer Laptev Sea. The field investigation reveals it is a methane seep area. </p>
Summer 2017 porewater and sediment geochemistry data at Second Creek, a sulfate-impacted riparian wetland in northeast Minnesota
Water and sediment chemistry data were collected over the summer and fall of 2017 at Second Creek, a riparian wetland study site near Aurora, MN, to understand sulfur and methane processes. Porewaters were collected with two distinct methods “peepers” (multi-chambered equilibrium dialysis samplers) that allow for high vertical resolution but 2-3 week averaged temporal resolution, and rhizon samplers that enable instantaneous temporal resolution but have lower spatial resolution. Porewaters were analyzed for dissolved cations, anions, sulfide, methane, iron(II)/iron(III), and pH. Sediment cores were analyzed for acid volatile sulfide, and sulfur and iron speciation via X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
Summer 2016 hydrology and water chemistry data at Second Creek, a sulfate-impacted riparian wetland in northeast Minnesota
Hydrological and water chemistry data were collected at Second Creek, a riparian wetland study site near Aurora, MN, to understand sulfur and methane processes. Data were collected over the summer of 2016. Hydrological data were collected using temperature probes and pressure transducers installed in surface water gauges and shallow piezometers. Water chemistry was analyzed in surface water samples and porewater samples collected with “peepers” (passive diffusive samplers).
Heteroaggregation and Homoaggregation of Latex Particles in the Presence of Alkyl Sulfate Surfactants
<p>The dataset for the publication "Heteroaggregation and Homoaggregation of Latex Particles in the Presence of Alkyl Sulfate Surfactants". DOI: 10.3390/colloids4040052.</p> <p>Files containing data have .dat extension and are in text format</p>
The SMaRP database: Sulfate, Methane and Related Parameters in marine sediments
<p>Global dataset on sulfate, methane and related parameters in marine sediments</p>
Molecular dynamics simulation of human ρ1 GABAA receptor with neurosteriod pregnenolone sulfate
<p>Molecular dynamics simulation trajectory, parameter files for the systems of human ρ1 GABAA receptor with neurosteriod pregnenolone sulfate. Pregnenolone sulfate was tested with two different poses, either sulfate group "up" or "down".</p> <p> </p>
Figs 1A–H. Achradina pulchra. A–B in Achradina pulchra, a Unique Dinoflagellate (Amphilothales, Dinophyceae) with a Radiolarian-like Endoskeleton of Celestite (Strontium Sulfate)
Figs 1A–H. Achradina pulchra. A–B – Light micrographs of the isolated cells of Achradina pulchra for PCR analysis from the SW Atlantic (São Sebastião Channel). C–D – Other cells from the same sample. Note that the skeleton is internal. E–G – Scanning electron micrographs of the skeleton from the NE Atlantic (Seine and Sedlo Seamounts). H – X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum of the endoskeleton. Scale bars: 5 µm.
Data and script files: Gene expression in response to estrone sulfate in Trachemys scripta
<p>Variation in developmental conditions can affect a variety of embryonic processes and shape a number of phenotypic characteristics that can affect offspring throughout their lives. This is particularly true of oviparous species where development typically occurs outside of the female, and studies have shown that traits such as survival and behavior can be altered by both temperature and exposure to steroid hormones during development. In species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), the fate of gonadal development can be affected by temperature and by maternal estrogens present in the egg at oviposition and there is evidence that these factors can affect gene expression patterns. Here, we explore how thermal fluctuations and exposure to an estrogen metabolite, estrone sulfate, affect the expression of several genes known to be involved in sexual differentiation; <em>Kdm6b, Dmrt1, Sox9, FoxL2, </em>and <em>Cyp19A1</em>. We found that most of the genes responded to both temperature and estrone sulfate exposure, but that the responses to these factors was not identical in that estrone sulfate effects occur downstream of temperature effects. Our findings demonstrate that conjugated hormones such as estrone sulfate are capable of influencing temperature dependent pathways to potentially alter how embryos respond to temperature and highlight the importance of studying the interaction of maternal hormone and temperature effects.</p>
Fig. 2 in Achradina pulchra, a Unique Dinoflagellate (Amphilothales, Dinophyceae) with a Radiolarian-like Endoskeleton of Celestite (Strontium Sulfate)
Fig. 2. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of dinoflagellate SSU rDNA sequences, based on 1,610 aligned positions. Names in bold represent sequences obtained in this study. The clades containing sequences of the symbionts of acantharians and polycystine radiolarians are highlighted in shaded boxes. Numbers at nodes are bootstrap values (values <50 are omitted). The scale bar represents the number of substitutions for a unit branch length.
Data Sets "Modulation of electrical activity of proteinoid microspheres with chondroitin sulfate clusters"
<p>Data Sets "Modulation of electrical activity of proteinoid microspheres with chondroitin sulfate clusters"</p>
Experimental CCN properties of 6 pollenkitts and two mixtures with ammonium sulfate reported in the study "Cloud condensation nuclei activity of six pollenkitts and the influence of their surface activity" by Prisle et al. (2019)
<p>Critical dry particle size Dp<sub>50</sub> measured for supersaturations 0.1–1.4% with a DMT CCN Counter (CCN-100). Size and composition resolved, and size-averaged hygroscopicity values calculated using the method presented by Rose et al. (2010), Cloud condensation nuclei in polluted air and biomass burning smoke near the mega-city Guangzhou, China - Part 1: Size-resolved measurements and implications for the modeling of aerosol particle hygroscopicity and CCN activity, <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</em>, <em>10</em>, 3365–3383.</p>
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.