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29 results for “sun exposure”
Shaped by the sun: the effect of exposure to sunlight on the evolution of spider bodies
<p>Body temperature strongly influences fitness. Some sun-exposed ectotherms thermoregulate by adjusting body posture according to the sun's position. To evaluate the impact of body shape, size and posture on body temperature, we first built a model combining traditional heat transfer models with models of thermoregulatory postures in spiders. The model indicates that both body size and shape determine thermoregulation efficiency by affecting heat gain via solar irradiance. These estimates corroborate previous empirical studies on spider thermoregulation. We then coupled meteorological data to our heat transfer model. The model predicts that body elongation in large orb-web spiders decreases the risk of high body temperatures. Lastly, we measured the elongation of orb-web spiders across 1,024 species and found that sun-exposed species evolved more elongate bodies than sun-protected species. Overall, our results suggest that thermoregulation influenced the evolution of body shapes of orb-web spiders.</p>
Shaped by the sun: the effect of exposure to sunlight on the evolution of spider bodies
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Sun exposure as a key factor influencing saproxylic beetle communities
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Data from: Optimizing enrichment of deadwood for biodiversity by varying sun exposure and tree species: an experimental approach
<p>1. The enrichment of deadwood is essential for the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity in managed forests. However, existing strategies focus on a cost-intensive increase of deadwood amount, while largely neglecting increasing deadwood diversity.</p> <p>2. Deadwood objects, i.e. logs and branches, from six tree species were experimentally sun-exposed, canopy-shaded, and artificially shaded for four years, after which the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity of saproxylic beetles, wood-inhabiting fungi, and spiders were analyzed. Analyses of beta-diversity included the spatial distance between exposed deadwood objects. A random-drawing procedure was used to identify the combination of tree species and sun exposure that yielded the highest gamma-diversity at a minimum of exposed deadwood amount.</p> <p>3. In sun-exposed plots, species numbers in logs were higher than in shaded plots for all taxa, while in branches we observed the opposite for saproxylic beetles. Tree species affected the species numbers only of saproxylic beetles and wood-inhabiting fungi. The beta-diversity of saproxylic beetles and wood-inhabiting-fungi among logs was influenced by sun exposure and tree species, but beta-diversity of spiders by sun exposure only. For all saproxylic taxa recorded in logs, differences between communities increased with increasing spatial distance.</p> <p>4. A combination of canopy-shaded <i>Carpinus</i> logs and sun-exposed <i>Populus</i> logs resulted in the highest species numbers of all investigated saproxylic taxa among all possible combinations of tree species and sun-exposure treatments.</p> <p>5. <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. We recommend incorporating the enrichment of different tree species and particularly the variation in sun exposure into existing strategies of deadwood enrichment. Based on the results of our study, we suggest to combine logs of softwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. <i>Carpinus, Populus</i>), hardwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. <i>Quercus</i>) and coniferous tree species (e.g. <i>Pinus</i>) under different conditions of sun exposure and distribute them spatially in a landscape to maximize the beneficial effects on overall diversity.</p>
Transcriptional response of mushrooms to artificial sun exposure
<p>Climate change causes increased tree mortality leading to canopy loss and thus sun-exposed forest floors. Sun exposure creates extreme temperatures and radiation, with potentially more drastic effects on forest organisms than the current increase in mean temperature. Such conditions might potentially negatively affect the maturation of mushrooms of forest fungi. A failure of reaching maturation would mean no sexual spore release and, thus, entail a loss of genetic diversity. However, we currently have a limited understanding of the quality and quantity of mushroom-specific molecular responses caused by sun exposure. Thus, to understand the short-term responses towards enhanced sun exposure, we exposed mushrooms of the wood-inhabiting forest species <i>Lentinula edodes, </i>while still attached to their mycelium and substrate, to artificial solar light (ca. 30 °C and 100.000 lux) for 5, 30, and 60 minutes. We found significant differentially expressed genes at 30 and 60 minutes. Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) class enrichment pointed to defense mechanisms. The 20 most significant differentially expressed genes showed the expression of heat-shock proteins, an important family of proteins under heat stress. Although preliminary, our results suggest mushroom-specific molecular responses to tolerate enhanced sun exposure as expected under climate change. Whether mushroom-specific molecular responses are able to maintain fungal fitness under opening forest canopies remains to be tested.</p>
UV Exposure Assessed With Wearable Sensor and Sun Protection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03344796. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Transcriptional response of mushrooms to artificial sun exposure
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Data from: Optimizing enrichment of deadwood for biodiversity by varying sun exposure and tree species: an experimental approach
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Association of Cataract and Sun Exposure in geographically diverse populations of India: The CASE study. First Report of the ICMR-EYE SEE Study Group
<p><b>Purpose:</b> To determine the prevalence of cataract and its association with sun exposure and other environmental risk factors in three different geographically diverse populations of India.</p> <p><b>Design:</b> Population based cross sectional study during 2010-2016</p> <p><b>Participants:</b> People aged <u>></u> 40 years residing in randomly sampled villages were enumerated (12021) and 9735 (81%) underwent ophthalmic evaluation from plains, hilly and coastal regions (3595, 3231, 2909 respectively)</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> A detailed questionnaire-based interview about outdoor activity in present, past and remote past, usage of sun protective measures, exposure to smoke, and detailed ophthalmic examination including assessment of uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity, measurement of intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination, lens opacities categorization using LOCS III and posterior segment evaluation was done. Lifetime effective sun exposure was calculated using Melbourne formula and expressed as quantiles. These were supplemented with physical environmental measurements.</p> <p><b>Main outcome measures: </b>Lifetime sun exposure hours, smoking, indoor kitchen smoke exposure and their association with cataract and subtypes. Prevalence of cataract calculated based on lens opacities or evidence of cataract surgery.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Cataract was identified in 3231 (33.3%) participants. Prevalence of cataract in males (32.3%) and females (34.1%) was similar. Nuclear cataract was the commonest sub-type identified in 94.7% of affected eyes. Sun exposure had a significant association with cataract with odds ratio (OR) increasing from 1.6 (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 1.4, 1.9) in 3<sup>rd</sup> quantile, to 2.6 (CI: 2.2, 3.1) in 4<sup>th</sup> quantile and 9.4 (CI: 7.9, 11.2) in 5<sup>th</sup> quantile (p<0.0001). Cataract also showed a significant association with smoking (OR: 1.4, CI: 1.2, 1.6) and indoor kitchen smoke exposure (OR: 1.2, CI: 1.0-1.4). Nuclear cataract showed a positive association with increasing sun exposure in 3<sup>rd </sup>(β coefficient 0.5, CI:0.2-0.7), 4<sup>th </sup>(β: 0.9, CI: 0.7-1.1) and 5<sup>th</sup> (β: 2.1, CI:1.8-2.4) quantiles of sun exposure, smoking (β: 0.4, CI: 0.2-0.6) and indoor kitchen smoke exposure (β: 0.3, CI: 01-0.5) while cortical cataract showed a positive association with sun exposure only in 5<sup>th</sup> quantile (β: 2.6, CI:1.0-4.2). Posterior subcapsular cataract was not associated with any of the risk factors.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> Cataract is associated with increasing level of sun exposure, smoking and exposure to indoor kitchen smoke.</p>
Association of cataract and sun exposure in geographically diverse populations of India: the case study. first report of the ICMR-EYE SEE study group
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Data from: Toward a precision behavioral medicine approach to addressing high-risk sun exposure: a qualitative analysis
Objectives: Precision behavioral medicine techniques integrating wearable ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensors may help individuals avoid sun exposure that places them at-risk for skin cancer. As a preliminary step in our patient-centered process of developing a just-in-time adaptive intervention, this study evaluated reactions and preferences to UVR sensors among melanoma survivors. Materials and Methods: Early stage adult melanoma survivors were recruited for a focus group (n=11) or 10-day observational study, which included daily wearing a UVR sensor and sun exposure surveys (n=39). Both the focus group moderator guide and observational study exit interviews included questions on UVR sensing as a potential intervention strategy. These responses were transcribed and coded using an inductive strategy. Results: Most observational study participants (84.6%) said they would find information provided by UVR sensors to be useful to help them learn about how specific conditions (e.g., clouds, location) impact sun exposure and provide in-the-moment alerts. Focus group participants expressed enthusiasm for UVR information and identified preferred qualities of a UVR sensor, such as small size and integration with other devices. Participants in both studies indicated concern that UVR feedback may be difficult to interpret and some expressed that a UVR sensor may not be convenient or desirable to wear in daily life. Discussion: Melanoma survivors believe that personalized UVR exposure information could improve their sun protection and want this information delivered in a method that is meaningful and actionable. Conclusion: UVR sensing is a promising component of a precision behavioral medicine strategy to reduce skin cancer risk.
A Study to Assess the Effects of an Oral Dietary Supplement on Overall Facial Appearance Among Healthy Adult Women With Existing Skin Damage From Sun Exposure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01787461. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Toward a precision behavioral medicine approach to addressing high-risk sun exposure: a qualitative analysis
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Epigenome analysis of human epidermal samples with aging and sun exposure
GEO Series GSE52972. Homo sapiens. 12 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
3D reconstruction of skin and spatial mapping of immune cell density, vascular distance and effects of sun exposure and aging
<p>Mapping the human body at single cell resolution in three dimensions (3D) is an important step toward a “digital twin” model that digitizes organ structure and the dynamics of cell-cell interactions. Current approaches for 3D reconstruction of multiplexed serial sections are relatively cumbersome and not automated. We present a novel 3D reconstruction workflow for multiplexed sequential tissue sections: MATRICS-A (Multiplexed Image Three-D Reconstruction and Integrated Cell Spatial - Analysis). This combines a reproducible and streamlined method for two-dimensional (2D) cell segmentation and cell type classification, followed by 3D volume reconstruction. We also provide novel tools for 3D visualization of immune cell cluster density, cell-to-vasculature distance, and distance maps for cellular markers of UV damage/repair and proliferation to the skin surface. We used MATRICS-A to reconstruct 26 serial sections of fixed skin from 12 donors aged between 32-72 years. Samples were collected from six distinct anatomical regions with mild to marked sun exposure effects. Each tissue section was multiplexed with 18 fluorescently labeled antibodies covering 14 cell types in the epidermis and dermis. We demonstrate several new findings that are only possible in 3D, We present novel visualization of immune cell clusters and show that there are 10-70% more T cells (total) within 30 µm of a T helper cell in 3D vs 2D. Distances of cell markers of DNA damage (p53), DNA repair (DDB2) and proliferation (Ki67) to the skin surface were consistent across all ages/sun exposure. MATRICS-A provides a new powerful integrated open access approach to quantify 3D spatial cell relationships in healthy and aging organs and could be further extended to diseased organs. </p>
Answering Questions About Vitamin D Supplementation and Sun Exposure in Patients Who Have Undergone Surgery for Stage IB, Stage II, or Stage IIIA Melanoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00672321. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Performance of Different Application Regimens of ACTINICA® on Protection From UVR-induced Erythema After One Day of Sun Exposure in Fair-skinned Healthy Subjects.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02251756. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Sunscreen Efficacy Against the Reccurence of Lesions Post-sun Exposure in Acneic Subjects
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05168397. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Photoprotective Effects of a SPF50+ Sunscreen on Skin Genotoxicity Induced by Repeated Chronic Outdoor Sun Exposure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05926791. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Sun Exposure for Outdoor Athletes in Mayotte and Reunion Island
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05316402. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 2. Publications: 0.
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OpenNeuro
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