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4 results for “sunflower sea star”
Sunflower sea star predation on urchins can facilitate kelp forest recovery
<p>The recent collapse of predatory sunflower sea stars (<em>Pycnopodia helianthoides</em>) due to sea star wasting disease (SSWD) is hypothesized to have contributed to proliferation of sea urchin barrens and losses of kelp forests on the North American West Coast. We used experiments and a model to test whether restored <em>Pycnopodia</em> populations may help recover kelp forests through their consumption of nutritionally poor purple sea urchins (<em>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</em>) typical of barrens. <em>Pycnopodia</em> consumed 0.68 <em>S. purpuratus</em> day<sup>−1</sup>, and our model and sensitivity analysis shows that the magnitude of recent <em>Pycnopodia</em> declines is consistent with urchin proliferation after modest sea urchin recruitment, and even small <em>Pycnopodia</em> recoveries could generally lead to lower densities of sea urchins that are consistent with kelp-urchin coexistence. <em>Pycnopodia</em> seem unable to chemically distinguish starved from fed urchins and indeed have higher predation rates on starved urchins due to shorter handling times. These results highlight the importance of <em>Pycnopodia</em> in regulating purple sea urchin populations and maintaining healthy kelp forests through top-down control. The recovery of this important predator to densities commonly found prior to SSWD, whether through natural means or human-assisted reintroductions, may therefore be a key step in kelp forest restoration at ecologically significant scales.</p>
Sunflower sea star predation on urchins can facilitate kelp forest recovery
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Gene prediction for: A reference genome for ecological restoration of the sunflower sea star, Pycnopodia helianthoides
<div> <div> <div> <div>Wildlife diseases, such as the sea star wasting (SSW) epizootic that outbroke in the mid-2010s, appear to be associated with acute and/or chronic abiotic environmental change; dissociating the effects of different drivers can be difficult. The sunflower sea star,<em> Pycnopodia helianthoides</em>, was the species most severely impacted during the SSW outbreak, which overlapped with periods of anomalous atmospheric and oceanographic conditions, and there is not yet a consensus on the cause(s). Genomic data may reveal underlying molecular signatures that implicate a subset of factors and, thus, clarify past events while also setting the scene for effective restoration efforts. To advance this goal, we used Pacific Biosciences HiFi long sequencing reads and Dovetail Omni-C proximity reads to generate a highly contiguous genome assembly that was then annotated using RNA-seq-informed gene prediction. The genome assembly is 484 Mb long, with contig N50 of 1.9 Mb, scaffold N50 of 21.8 Mb, BUSCO completeness score 96.1%, and 22 major scaffolds consistent with prior evidence that sea star genomes comprise 22 autosomes. These statistics generally fall between those of other recently assembled chromosome-scale assemblies for two species in the distantly related asteroid genus <em>Pisaster</em>. These novel genomic resources for <em>Pycnopodia helianthoides</em> will underwrite population genomic, comparative genomic, and phylogenomic analyses — as well as their integration across scales — of SSW and environmental stressors. This data resource contains the files associated with gene prediction.</div> </div> </div> </div>
Gene prediction for: A reference genome for ecological restoration of the sunflower sea star, Pycnopodia helianthoides
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OpenNeuro
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