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23 results for “supportive breeding”
Рис. 6. Карта распоΛожения гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в Амурской обΛасти в 2018– 2019 гг. по типам гнезΑовых опор Fig. 6. Map of Oriental stork nests in the Amur region in 2018–2019 by types of nesting supports in Oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe) breeding population survey in the Amur region in 2018-2019
Рис. 6. Карта распоΛожения гнезΑ ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в Амурской обΛасти в 2018– 2019 гг. по типам гнезΑовых опор Fig. 6. Map of Oriental stork nests in the Amur region in 2018–2019 by types of nesting supports
Рис.5. СоотношениеразΛичныхгнезΑовыхтиповопорв 2018–2019 гг. поаΑминистративным районам (Λевый график) и в цеΛом по Амурской обΛасти (правый график) Fig. 5. The ratio of different types of nesting supports in 2018–2019 by administrative districts (right graph) and in general in the Amur region (left graph) in Oriental stork (Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe) breeding population survey in the Amur region in 2018-2019
Рис.5. СоотношениеразΛичныхгнезΑовыхтиповопорв 2018–2019 гг. поаΑминистративным районам (Λевый график) и в цеΛом по Амурской обΛасти (правый график) Fig. 5. The ratio of different types of nesting supports in 2018–2019 by administrative districts (right graph) and in general in the Amur region (left graph)
The Provincelands of Cape Cod National Seashore, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, USA. The reddish vegetation in the center of the photo is a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) bog, a wetland used for breeding by the Fowler's toad. The surrounding landscape is ideal for the Fowler's toad and supports one of the largest populations of this species in the United States. The landscape contains a patchwork of sand, pitch pine (Pinus rigida), scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia), and dune grass (Ammophila breviligulata). Photo by Rebecca Flaherty. in Fowler's Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) occupancy in the southern mid-Atlantic, USA
The Provincelands of Cape Cod National Seashore, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, USA. The reddish vegetation in the center of the photo is a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) bog, a wetland used for breeding by the Fowler's toad. The surrounding landscape is ideal for the Fowler's toad and supports one of the largest populations of this species in the United States. The landscape contains a patchwork of sand, pitch pine (Pinus rigida), scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia), and dune grass (Ammophila breviligulata). Photo by Rebecca Flaherty.
Figs 3-6 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil
Figs 3-6. Records with evidences of breeding activities of the Plumbeous Ibis (Theristicus caerulescens) obtained in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: 3, two adults building a nest at Poconé, MT (photo by Eric Gallardo); 4, an incubating adult at Poconé, MT (photo by Ademir Carletti); 5, an adult and a nestling in a nest at Corumbá, MS (photo by Leonardo Merçon/Instituto Últimos Refúgios); 6, an adult feeding a young on the ground at Poconé, MT (photo by Maria Beatriz Felgar de Toledo). Records were gathered in the WikiAves database.
Figs 7-10 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil
Figs 7-10. Records with evidences of breeding activities of the Buff-necKed Ibis (Theristicus caudatus) obtained in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: 7, two adults and a nest being built at Poconé, MT (photo by Ronaldo Duarte); 8, an incubating adult at Poconé, MT (Photo by Antonio Carlos Iglesias); 9, a young being cared in a nest at Miranda, MS (Photo by Suzana Maria Salis); 10, two young with adults in a nest at Aquidauana, MS (Photo by Ana Aquino). Records were gathered in the WikiAves database, except for Fig. 9.
Fig. 1 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil
Fig. 1. Municipalities in which records (photographs) with evidences of breeding activities of two ibis species (Theristicus caerulescens and T. caudatus) were obtained by us and citizens between 2007 and 2019 in the Brazilian Pantanal (gray area). Taquari river divides this Brazilian wetland in two portions: that of Mato Grosso state (where Poconé is located) and that of Mato Grosso do Sul state (where Corumbá, Miranda and Aquidauana are located).
Fig. 2 in Nest support plants and breeding season of two ibis (Theristicus) species in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil
Fig. 2. Seasonal occurrence of records of breeding activities of two ibis species (Theristicus caerulescens and T. caudatus) in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland, based on records (photographs) obtained during our field observations, and bY citizens, between 2007 and 2019. Data bY citizens was gathered in the WikiAves and eBird databases in March 2020. The horizontal bars in light and dark blue colors indicate the length of the dry and rainy seasons in the Pantanal, respectively.
Data from: The Amazon Basin's rivers and lakes support Nearctic-breeding shorebirds during southward migration
<p>Shorebird movement data used in habitat analyses for "The Amazon Basin's rivers and lakes support Nearctic-breeding shorebirds during southward migration." Data were collected between 2016-2022 using Argos Platform Terminal Transmitters or Pinpoint GPS Argos transmitters affixed to six shorebird species: American Golden-Plovers (<em>Pluvialis dominica</em>), Hudsonian Godwits (<em>Limosa haemastica</em>), Lesser Yellowlegs (<em>Tringa flavipes</em>), and Buff-breasted (<em>Calidris subruficollis</em>), Pectoral (<em>C. melanotos</em>), and Upland Sandpipers (<em>Bartramia longicauda</em>). The devices were deployed by various research groups at sites outside the Amazon Basin. Data has been subset to the Amazon Basin and the approximate timeframe of southward migration (July-December) and filtered to relevant individuals. </p> <p>The CSV file contains the following variables:</p> <ul> <li> <p>'individual local identifier': a unique alphanumeric identifier for the individual</p> </li> <li> <p>'timestamp': date-time of the location, in YYYY-mm-dd HH:mm:ss format</p> </li> <li> <p>'location.long': longitude</p> </li> <li> <p>'location.lat': latitude</p> </li> <li> <p>'species': shorebird species alpha code</p> </li> <li> <p>'lc': location quality class for Argos PTT (3, 2, 1, 0, A, B, Z) or GPS (G) locations</p> </li> <li> <p>'argos.semi.major': the length of the semi-major axis of the error ellipse for Argos locations, in meters</p> </li> <li> <p>'argos.semi.minor': the length of the semi-minor axis of the error ellipse for Argos locations, in meters</p> </li> <li> <p>'argos.error.radius': one standard deviation (sigma) of the isotropic location error for Argos locations</p> </li> <li> <p>'argos.orientation': the orientation of the semi-major axis of the error ellipse for Argos locations, in degrees clockwise from north</p> </li> <li> <p>'gps.fix.type.raw': the type of GPS fix (2D, 3D)</p> </li> </ul> <p>Links to full studies are provided in 'Related Works.' Please consult links for attribution and data use information.</p>
Genetic erosion in an endangered desert fish during a multi-decadal megadrought despite long-term supportive breeding
<p>Human water use combined with a recent megadrought have reduced river and stream flow through the Southwestern United States and led to periodic drying of formerly perennial river segments. Reductions in snowmelt runoff and increased extent of drying collectively threaten short-lived, obligate aquatic species, including the endangered Rio Grande Silvery Minnow. This species experiences 'boom-and-bust' population dynamics where large fluctuations in abundance are expected to lower estimates of effective population size and erode genetic diversity over time. Rates of diversity loss are also affected by additions of hatchery-origin fish used to supplement the wild population. We leveraged demographic and genetic data from wild and hatchery individuals to understand the relationship of genetic diversity and effective population size to abundance over the last two decades. Genetic diversity was low during the early 2000s, but diversity and demographic metrics stabilized after the hatchery program was initiated and environmental conditions improved. Yet, from 2017 onward, allelic diversity declined (Cohen's <em>d</em>=1.34) and remains low despite hatchery stocking and brief wild population recovery. Across the time series, single-sample estimates of effective population size (N<sub>eD</sub>) were positively associated (<em>r</em>=0.53) with wild/total abundance, but as the proportion of hatchery-origin spawners increased, N<sub>eD</sub> was reduced (N<sub>eD</sub> <em>r</em>= -0.55). Megadrought limits wild spawner abundance and precludes refreshment of hatchery brood stocks with wild fish, hence we predict an increasingly hatchery-dominated population, and accelerated loss of genetic diversity despite supplementation. We recommend an adaptive and accelerated management plan that integrates river flow management and hatchery operations to slow the pace of genetic diversity loss exacerbated by megadrought.</p>
Genetic erosion in an endangered desert fish during a multi-decadal megadrought despite long-term supportive breeding
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Data from: Can sustainable biocommerce continue to support conservation, or will the captive breeding of offspring be its Achilles heel?
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Data from: Sex-specific arrival times on the breeding grounds: hybridizing migratory skuas provide empirical support for the role of sex ratios
In migratory animals, protandry (earlier arrival of males on the breeding grounds) prevails over protogyny (females preceding males). In theory, sex differences in timing of arrival should be driven by the operational sex ratio, shifting toward protogyny in female-biased populations. However, empirical support for this hypothesis is, to date, lacking. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed arrival data from three populations of the long-distance migratory south polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki). These populations differed in their operational sex ratio caused by the unidirectional hybridization of male south polar skuas with female brown skuas (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi). We found that arrival times were protandrous in allopatry, shifting toward protogyny in female-biased populations when breeding in sympatry. This unique observation is consistent with theoretical predictions that sex-specific arrival times should be influenced by sex ratio and that protogyny should be observed in populations with female-biased operational sex ratio.
Data from: Supportive breeding boosts natural population abundance with minimal negative impacts on fitness of a wild population of Chinook salmon
While supportive breeding programs strive to minimize negative genetic impacts to populations, case studies have found evidence for reduced fitness of artificially produced individuals when they reproduce in the wild. Pedigrees of two complete generations were tracked with molecular markers to investigate differences in reproductive success (RS) of wild and hatchery-reared Chinook salmon spawning in the natural environment to address questions regarding the demographic and genetic impacts of supplementation to a natural population. Results show a demographic boost to the population from supplementation. On average, fish taken into the hatchery produced 4.7 times more adult offspring, and 1.3 times more adult grand-offspring than naturally reproducing fish. Of the wild and hatchery fish that successfully reproduced, we found no significant differences in RS between any comparisons but hatchery-reared males typically had lower RS values than wild males. Mean relative reproductive success (RRS) for hatchery F1 females and males was 1.11 (p = 0.84) and 0.89 (p = 0.56), respectively. RRS of hatchery-reared fish (H) that mated in the wild with either hatchery or wild origin (W) fish were generally equivalent to WxW matings. Mean RRS of HxW and HxH matings was 1.07 (p = 0.92) and 0.94 (p = 0.95), respectively. We conclude that fish chosen for hatchery rearing did not have a detectable negative impact on the fitness of wild fish by mating with them for a single generation. Results suggest that supplementation following similar management practices (e.g., 100% local, wild-origin brood stock) can successfully boost population size with minimal impacts on the fitness of salmon in the wild.
Data from: Disturbed Amazonian forests support diminished breeding bird communities
<p>Twenty percent of the Brazilian Amazon has now been deforested, and deforestation rates are increasing. This compels us to evaluate the conservation potential of human-modified landscapes, yet the ecological value of regenerating and fragmented Amazonian forests remains poorly understood. To date, most faunal studies in disturbed forests have examined metrics derived from presence or abundance. Although valuable, these data cannot tell us how old-growth species are using disturbed forests. In this study, we complement presence data with breeding observations to assess more comprehensively the habitat quality of disturbed forests in central Amazonia. We synthesized breeding evidence from standardized passive mist-netting, mixed-species flock-following, and opportunistic nest-searching across a full annual cycle in 30-35-year-old secondary forest, 10-ha fragments, and undisturbed forest. We then used multi-state occupancy models to estimate the number of undetected breeding species in each forest type, which illustrated that fewer species bred in secondary forest (-43%) and 10-ha fragments (-17%) than in undisturbed forest. Both of these losses are larger than the associated decrease in species richness alone (-17% and -10%, respectively). Notably, we confirmed breeding by only three terrestrial and near-ground insectivores in fragments and secondary forest combined (of the 9 species found in undisturbed forest). Disturbed forests also supported fewer breeding individuals (-35-50%) and, in secondary forest, fewer successful breeding attempts (-24%). Encouragingly, however, some forest-dependent birds are breeding and producing fledglings in disturbed forests, including representatives from almost every guild. This was especially apparent for mixed-species flocks and army-ant followers, two guilds that have historically been considered vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance. Therefore, despite a loss of breeding habitat in disturbed forests, these data suggest that landscapes composed of regenerating forest and small fragments have conservation potential for forest bird populations.</p>
FIGURE1. Breeding, migrating and wintering distributions of Palearctic Anthus [rubescens] japonicus and Nearctic Anthus rubescens rubescens/alticola subspecies groups (from BirdLife International 2022; illustration @Andrew Birch). Circles indicate origins of sequenced individuals and triangles indicate origins of analysed recordings of calls. Localities outside of the usual range of the species complex (e.g., Ireland, Oman and Israel) are not figured here. in --Molecular--and--acoustic--evidence--support--the--species--status--of--Anthus rubescens rubescens and--Anthus [rubescens] japonicus--(Passeriformes:--Motacillidae)
FIGURE1. Breeding, migrating and wintering distributions of Palearctic Anthus [rubescens] japonicus and Nearctic Anthus rubescens rubescens/alticola subspecies groups (from BirdLife International 2022; illustration @Andrew Birch). Circles indicate origins of sequenced individuals and triangles indicate origins of analysed recordings of calls. Localities outside of the usual range of the species complex (e.g., Ireland, Oman and Israel) are not figured here.
Data from: Supportive breeding boosts natural population abundance with minimal negative impacts on fitness of a wild population of Chinook salmon
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Data from: Sex-specific arrival times on the breeding grounds: hybridizing migratory skuas provide empirical support for the role of sex ratios
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Data from: Does recognized genetic management in supportive breeding prevent genetic changes in life-history traits?
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Supporting data for: Multi-modal deep learning improves grain yield prediction in wheat breeding by fusing genomics and phenomics
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Data from: Disturbed Amazonian forests support diminished breeding bird communities
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