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Figure 1 in Vegetation of the supralittoral and upper sublittoral zones of the Western German Baltic Sea coast: a phytosociological study

Figure 1: Map of sampling sites in Northern Germany. Insets (a–c) provide higher resolution. Sampling areas: 1 – Glücksburg; 2 – Glücksburg Estuary; 3 – Bockholmwik; 4 – Neukirchen; 5 – Norgaardholz; 6 – Falshoft; 7 – Maasholm, Schlei; 8 – SchÖnhagen; 9 – Fischleger; 10 – Karlsminde; 11 – EckernfÖrde, port; 12 – EckernfÖrde, Kiekut; 13 – Aschau, sea; 14 – Aschau, lagoon; 15 – Kiel-Bülk; 16 – Kiel-Schilksee, marina; 17 – Kiel-Friedrichsort; 18 – Kiel-Holtenau, Tonnenhof; 19 – Kiel-Düsternbrook; 20 – Kiel-MÖnkeberg; 21 – Kiel-Heikendorf, Hafen; 22 – Kiel-Laboe; 23 – Kiel-Marina Wendtorf; 24 – Kiel-Brasilien; 25 – Hohwacht; 26 – Weissenhäuser Strand; 27 – Heiligenhafen, sea; 28 – Heiligenhafen, Binnensee; 29 – Heiligenhafen, marina; 30 – Grossenbroderfahre; 31 – Strukkamphuk, Fehmarn; 32 – Westerberg, Fehmarn; 33 – Flügge, Orther Bucht, Fehmarn; 34 – Gruner Brink, Fehmarn; 35 – Burgtiefe, Fehmarn; 36 – Burger Binnensee, Fehmarn; 37 – Wulfen, Fehmarn; 38 – Marina Grossenbrode; 39 – Süssau; 40 – Kellenhusen; 41 – Neustadt, Binnenwasser; 42 – Brodtener Ufer; 43 – Rosenhagen; 44 – Steinbeck; 45 – Boltenhagen; 46 – Wohlenberg; 47 – Hohen-Wieschendorf; 48 – Zierow; 49 – Redentin; 50 – Bridge to Poel, S side; 51 – Bridge to Poel, N side; 52 – Kirchdorf; 53 – Timmendorf, Poel; 54 – Gollwitz, Poel.

Figure 4 in Vegetation of the supralittoral and upper sublittoral zones of the Western German Baltic Sea coast: a phytosociological study

Figure 4: Number of species from different phytogeographical elements in each macrophyte community of the SW Baltic Sea. Phytogeographical elements are indicated in accordance with Cormaci et al. (1982), supplemented by data from Zinova (1962) and Kalugina-Gutnik (1975): C – Cosmopolitan, SC – Sub-cosmopolitan, AP – Atlanto-Pacific, IP – Indo-Pacific, CB – Circumboreal, IA – Indo-Atlantic, Abt – Boreo-tropical Atlantic, CT – Circumtropical, Ab – Boreo-Atlantic, Aba – Boreo-Arctic Atlantic, Pb – Boreo-Pacific.

Figure 3 in Vegetation of the supralittoral and upper sublittoral zones of the Western German Baltic Sea coast: a phytosociological study

Figure 3: Distribution of the macrophyte communities of the SW Baltic Sea in habitats with different exposure. The y-axis shows the proportion of habitats with different exposure grades in which the different communities were found.

Figure 2 in Vegetation of the supralittoral and upper sublittoral zones of the Western German Baltic Sea coast: a phytosociological study

Figure 2: Maximum likelihood phylogram based on tufA sequence data, showing the phylogenetic relationships of 12 Ulvales samples from the Baltic Sea (bold) identified in this study. Numbers after species names indicate collection sites (see Figure 1). Numbers below branches are bootstrap values; poorly supported nodes (>0.70) are not labelled. Branch lengths are proportional to sequence divergence.

Figure 4 in Contribution to the knowledge on supralittoral macroinvertebrates of the northwestern Black Sea

Figure 4. Distribution of supralittoral Talitridae species in the studied sector of the northwestern Black Sea.

Figure 6 in Contribution to the knowledge on supralittoral macroinvertebrates of the northwestern Black Sea

Figure 6. Key species of the different supralttoral habitats. Mobile substrates (burrowing): A – Tylos ponticus; B – Deshayesorchestia deshayesii; C – Ophelia bicornis; D – Donacilla cornea. Exposed rocks: E – Ligia italica; F – Microeuraphia depressa; G – Melarhaphe neritoides; H – Thalassomyia frauenfeldi. Shelters: I – Namanereis pontica; J – Myosotella myosotis; K – Orchestia spp.; L - Armadilloniscus ellipticus.

Figure 5 in Contribution to the knowledge on supralittoral macroinvertebrates of the northwestern Black Sea

Figure 5. Distribution of supralitoral Isopoda species in the studied sector of the northwestern Black Sea.

Figure 2 in Contribution to the knowledge on supralittoral macroinvertebrates of the northwestern Black Sea

Figure 2. Northwestern Black Sea habitats: A – burrowed sand; B – Zostera mats; C – exposed rocks; D – shelters (stones and algal deposits).

Figure 3 in Contribution to the knowledge on supralittoral macroinvertebrates of the northwestern Black Sea

Figure 3. Distribution of supralitoral Annelida, Mollusca, Cirripeda and Insecta species in the studied sector of the northwestern Black Sea.

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Figure 1 in Contribution to the knowledge on supralittoral macroinvertebrates of the northwestern Black Sea

Figure 1. Map of the northwestern Black Sea.

publicJul 2025View details →

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Contrasting phylogeographic patterns of sandy vs. rocky sympatric sister species of supralittoral Tylos isopods in Chile

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Data from: Constrained body shape among highly genetically divergent allopatric lineages of the supralittoral isopod Ligia occidentalis (Oniscidea)

Multiple highly divergent lineages have been identified within Ligia occidentalis sensu lato, a rocky supralittoral isopod distributed along a ~3000 km latitudinal gradient that encompasses several proposed marine biogeographic provinces and ecoregions in the eastern Pacific. Highly divergent lineages have nonoverlapping geographic distributions, with distributional limits that generally correspond with sharp environmental changes. Crossbreeding experiments suggest postmating reproductive barriers exist among some of them, and surveys of mitochondrial and nuclear gene markers do not show evidence of hybridization. Populations are highly isolated, some of which appear to be very small; thus, the effects of drift are expected to reduce the efficiency of selection. Large genetic divergences among lineages, marked environmental differences in their ranges, reproductive isolation, and/or high isolation of populations may have resulted in morphological differences in L. occidentalis, not detected yet by traditional taxonomy. We used landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses to test for differences in body shape among highly divergent lineages of L. occidentalis, and among populations within these lineages. We analyzed a total of 492 individuals from 53 coastal localities from the southern California Bight to Central Mexico, including the Gulf of California. We conducted discriminant function analyses (DFAs) on body shape morphometrics to assess morphological variation among genetically differentiated lineages and their populations. We also tested for associations between phylogeny and morphological variation, and whether genetic divergence is correlated to multivariate morphological divergence. We detected significant differences in body shape among highly divergent lineages, and among populations within these lineages. Nonetheless, neither lineages nor populations can be discriminated on the basis of body shape, because correct classification rates of cross-validated DFAs were low. Genetic distance and phylogeny had weak to no effect on body shape variation. The supralittoral environment appears to exert strong stabilizing selection and/or strong functional constraints on body shape in L. occidentalis, thereby leading to morphological stasis in this isopod.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

FIGURE 7 in Two new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Ramazzottiidae, Macrobiotidae) from the supralittoral zone of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula rocky shores

FIGURE 7. Macrobiotus halophilus sp. nov. Hind legs of the holotype; arrows show U-shaped granular patches (A). Leg and claw I of the holotype; asterisk shows faint and slightly protruded areas (B). Egg, general view (C). Egg with detail of teeth on the processes distal discs (D). All scale bars = 10 µm.

FIGURE 5 in Two new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Ramazzottiidae, Macrobiotidae) from the supralittoral zone of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula rocky shores

FIGURE 5. Macrobiotus halophilus sp. nov. paratype: habitus (A) Scale bar = 50 µm. Testis with spermatogonia (star), spermatids (arrowhead) and spermatozoa (asterisk) (B). Dorsal cuticle; arrows show muscle attachment points (C). All scale bars (B, C) = 10 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Ramazzottiidae, Macrobiotidae) from the supralittoral zone of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula rocky shores

FIGURE 3. Ramazzottius littoreus sp. nov. (holotype). Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus in dorsal view (holotype); arrow shows posterior band with four dorsal teeth (A). Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus in ventral view (paratype); arrow shows posterior band with four ventral teeth (only three visible) (B). Claws III (holotype); arrow shows main branch of external claw with robust accessory points, and arrowhead shows cuticle granulation (C). Claws IV (holotype); arrows show lunules (D). All scale bars = 10 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Ramazzottiidae, Macrobiotidae) from the supralittoral zone of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula rocky shores

FIGURE 1. Ramazzottius littoreus sp. nov. holotype: habitus (A) Scale bar = 50 µm. Sculpture on dorsal cuticle of a paratype; arrows show dorsal muscle attachment points and asterisk shows elliptical cephalic organs (B). Legs and claws IV of the holotype; arrows show lateral gibbosities on hind legs, and arrowhead shows cuticle ornamentation (C). Scale bar (B, C) = 10 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Two new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Ramazzottiidae, Macrobiotidae) from the supralittoral zone of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula rocky shores

FIGURE 6. Macrobiotus halophilus sp. nov. Hind legs and claws IV of a paratype; arrows show lateral gibbosities, and asterisk shows testis (A). Holotype: claws IV; arrows show lunules with dentate margin, and asterisk indicates cuticle granulation (B). Buccal apparatus of a paratype in dorsal view; arrow shows posterior bands of dorsal teeth, and asterisk shows constriction of macroplacoid I (C). Buccal apparatus of the same paratype in ventral view; arrow shows posterior bands of teeth (D). All scale bars = 10 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Ramazzottiidae, Macrobiotidae) from the supralittoral zone of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula rocky shores

FIGURE 2. Schematic representation of muscle attachment points in Ramazzottius littoreus sp. nov. (A: ventral view; B: dorsal view) and Macrobiotus halophilus sp. nov. (C: ventral view; D: dorsal view). Numerals (I–XV) identify transversal rows.

FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Ramazzottiidae, Macrobiotidae) from the supralittoral zone of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula rocky shores

FIGURE 4. Ramazzottius littoreus sp. nov. Egg with low density of short processes; arrowheads show reticulated bases of processes (A). Egg with high density of processes; arrowheads show long funnel-shaped processes with enlarged tips (B). Egg with conical processes; arrows show reticulation on entire processes (C). Egg with conical processes; arrow shows reticulation only in the base of the process and arrowhead shows a process without reticulation (D). Scale bars = 10 µm.