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15 results for “surface hydrology”
Urban Residential Surface and Subsurface Hydrology: Synergistic Effects of Low-Impact Features at the Parcel Scale
Accurately predicting the hydrologic effects of urbanization requires an understanding of how hydrologic processes are affected by low‐impact development practices. In this study, we explored how growing season surface runoff, deep drainage, and evapotranspiration on a residential parcel are affected by several low‐impact interventions, including three "impervious‐centric" interventions (disconnecting downspouts, disconnecting sidewalks, and adding a transverse slope to the driveway and front walk), two "pervious‐centric" interventions (decompacting soil and adding microtopography), and all possible "holistic" combinations. Results were compared to both a highly and moderately compacted baseline parcel under an average and a dry weather scenario for a temperate climate. We find that under reasonable assumptions for highly compacted soil, pervious areas are a major source of runoff and disconnecting impervious surfaces may be relatively less effective without improving soil conditions. Under both highly and moderately compacted soil conditions, combining efforts to decompact soil with impervious disconnection has a synergistic effect on reducing surface runoff and increasing deep drainage and evapotranspiration. All combinations of interventions enhance infiltration, but the partitioning of additional root zone water between deep drainage and evapotranspiration depends on the weather scenario. Importantly, when all low‐impact interventions are applied together, growing season deep drainage is higher than that from a vacant lot with no impervious surfaces. We infer that ecohydrologic interfaces between impervious and pervious areas are strong controls on urban hydrologic fluxes and that high‐resolution, process‐based models can be used to account for these interfaces and thereby improve predictions of the hydrologic effects of low‐impact interventions.
Saddle catchment Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model Simulation (DHSVM) surface variable outputs (SWE, snowmelt, streamflow, soil moisture), 2 meter, 2000-2019.
The Saddle Catchment of the Niwot Ridge LTER is a densely observed, high elevation site that is ideal for hydrological model simulation and calibration. The files produced are the result of a calibration of the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation model (DHSVM) using observationally based states and forcings. Input state files of vegetation, soil properties, shading, and elevation were generated using ground and satellite observations, which, in the case of coarse-resolution or point scale observations, were then interpolated to match the high resolution of the model (2-meter grid cells). Temporally continuous meteorological forcings at the hourly time-step were used to force the model to produce an hourly simulation of the surface and subsurface hydrology within the Saddle catchment. DHSVM was calibrated to effectively reproduce the annual cycle (r^2) and total volume (percent bias) of observed runoff using observations of streamflow at the outflow pour point of the Saddle Catchment from 2001-2019. Calibrated parameters include the lateral conductivity of soil types, exponential decrease of soil conductivity, snow roughness, the snow melting temperature threshold, and the vertical conductivity of the soils. The resulting simulation generated spatially distributed time series of the snow water equivalent, snow melt, precipitation, total evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, and a time-series of the total runoff generated at the outflow pour-point of the Saddle catchment. This data package contains the spatially distributed time series of snow water equivalent, snow melt, and runoff, as well as the model configuration file. Outputs of precipitation, total evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, as well as model inputs are archived separately on the Environmental Data Initiative.
PEATCLSM_Trop: Integrating peat-specific land surface hydrology of natural and drained tropical peatlands in the GEOS CLSM framework
<p>The datasets archived here include simulation results shown in the peer-reviewed article “Tropical peatland hydrology simulated with a global land surface model“, published in the open access AGU Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES; Apers et al., 2022). The output was produced using the Catchment land surface model (CLSM), the land model component of the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) modeling framework, and various versions of peatland-specific adaptations of CLSM, i.e. PEATCLSM. Here, we provide netCDF files (*.nc or *.nc4c) for CLSM, the natural (PEATCLSM<sub>Trop,Nat</sub>), and drained (PEATCLSM<sub>Trop,Drain</sub>) tropical versions of PEATCLSM. The simulations are at a 9-km spatial resolution (EASEv2 grid) for the three major tropical peatland regions in Central and South America, the Congo Basin, and Southeast Asia, using a peat grid cell distribution that is a combination of the PEATMAP distribution from Xu et al. (2018) and the peat distribution from De Lannoy et al. (2014). Simulations with the northern version of PEATCLSM (PEATCLSM<sub>North,Nat</sub>) are not included in the archived dataset but can be obtained upon request. We provide three types of netCDF files:<br> • daily_images_*.nc4c: daily land states and fluxes for variables discussed in Apers et al., (2022; Table 1), provided as netCDF image-chunked image stack;<br> • daily_mean_*.nc: 20-year mean of the land states and fluxes (Table 1), provided as a single netCDF image;<br> • daily_std_*.nc: 20-year standard deviation of the land states and fluxes (Table 1), provided as a single netCDF image.</p> <p>The file content is described in the file PEATCLSM_Trop-Simulations.pdf.</p> <p>Please contact Sebastian Apers (sebastian.apers@kuleuven.be) or Michel Bechtold (michel.bechtold@kuleuven.be) for any questions.<br> <br> References:<br> Apers, S., De Lannoy, G. J. M., Baird, A. J., Cobb, A. R., Dargie, G. C., del Aguila Pasquel, J., … others (2022). Tropical peatland hydrology simulated with a global land surface model. <em>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems</em>. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002784<br> Bechtold, M., De Lannoy, G. J. M., Koster, R. D., Reichle, R. H., Mahanama, S. P., Bleuten, W., ... others (2019). PEAT-CLSM: A specific treatment of peatland hydrology in the NASA Catchment Land Surface Model. <em>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11</em>(7), 2130–2162. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001574<br> De Lannoy, G. J. M., Koster, R. D., Reichle, R. H., Mahanama, S. P. P., & Liu, Q. (2014). An updated treatment of soil texture and associated hydraulic properties in a global land modeling system. <em>Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 6</em>(4), 957– 979. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014MS000330<br> Xu, J., Morris, P. J., Liu, J., & Holden, J. (2018). PEATMAP: Refining estimates of global peatland distribution based on a meta-analysis. <em>Catena, 160</em>, 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.010</p>
Geosci. Model Dev. paper data for Flipo et al., "Regional coupled surface-subsurface hydrological model fitting based on a spatially distributed minimalist reduction of frequency-domain discharge data"
<p>Data and associated user guide, as part of the paper :</p> <p>Flipo N., Gallois N., Schuite J. Regional coupled surface-subsurface hydrological model fitting based on a spatially distributed minimalist reduction of frequency-domain discharge data, Geoscientific Model Development.</p> <p>In consistency with the “Code and data availability” sub-section of the paper, all data necessary for the reproduction of<br> Figs. 7, 8c, 8d, 9, 10 and 11 are here provided.</p>
Global hydrology and water quality data from 1980-2019, derived from the dynamical surface water quality model (DynQual) at 5 arcmin spatial resolution
<p>Global ~10km (5 arcmin) output data from the dynamical surface water quality model (DynQual) from 1980-2019, with annual and monthly temporal resolution. Simulations are made following the ISIMIP3a protocol (https://protocol.isimip.org/#/ISIMIP3a).</p> <p>Output data includes:</p> <ul> <li>Discharge (m3 s-1)</li> <li>Channel storage (m3) </li> <li>Water temperature (K)</li> <li>Total dissolved solids (TDS) load (g s-1)</li> <li>Biological oxygen demand (BOD) load (g s-1)</li> <li>Fecal coliform (FC) load (million cfu s-1)</li> <li>Salinity; as indicated by TDS concentrations (mg l-1)</li> <li>Organic pollution; as indicated by BOD concentrations (mg l-1)</li> <li>Pathogen/bacterial pollution; as indicated by FC concentrations (cfu 100ml-1)</li> </ul> <p>Note. a minimum discharge threshold of 0.1 m3 s-1 was used when computing salinity (TDS), organic (BOD) and pathogen (FC) concentrations, as uncertainties in absolute values of water availabilities have large impacts on resulting in-stream concentrations. Thus, if the the average discharge for the month was below 0.1 m3 s-1, concentrations are not calculated (assigned as NA).</p> <p>In-stream water quality aggregated to 0.5 degree (i.e. 30 arcmin) spatial resolution (daily, monthly and annual) can be found at: <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/14675270">https://zenodo.org/records/14675270</a>. </p>
Safe and Just Earth Systems Boundaries for Surface Water: Hydrologic Alteration of Environmental Flows
<p>Title: <strong>Safe and Just Earth Systems Boundaries for Surface Water: Hydrologic Alteration of Environmental Flows</strong> Author: Pamela A. Green (<a href="mailto:pg@pamelaagreen.com">pg@pamelaagreen.com</a>), Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, New York, NY USA <a href="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7803-8182">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7803-8182</a></p> <p>The python Jupyter Notebook <strong>SafeJustEarthSysBnd_EstressCUNY-Griffith2022-23.ipynb</strong> and accompanying data sets represent spatial modelling for development of the safe and just surface water target for Working Group 3 of the Earth Commission for the Earth Commission Long Report and the "Safe and Just Earth Systems Boundaries" publication. The surface water target includes spatial modelling of the extent of global-scale hydrological alteration of environmental flows.</p> <p>All input datasets required to run the model are located under the <strong>ModelInput</strong> folder with raster data in zipped format to minimize space requirements. The code extracts the zipped files and then deletes the uncompressed files upon completion. All model outputs are located under the <strong>ModelOutput</strong> folder.</p> <p>Please reference the <strong>README.xlsx</strong> file for a full listing of the model input and output data files.</p>
Evaluation and uncertainty analysis of the land surface hydrology in LS3MIP models over China
<p>The attached is the dataset assoicated with the paper titled "Evaluation and uncertainty analysis of the land surface hydrology in LS3MIP models over China" which was submitted to Journal of Earth and Space Science.</p><p>The Land Surface, Snow and Soil moisture Model Intercomparison Project (LS3MIP) offers valuable land surface hydrology products from the land modules of current Earth System Models (ESMs). In this paper, historical LS3MIP hydrological variables including precipitation (PR), evapotranspiration (ET), soil moisture (SM), total runoff (Ro), and snow cover fraction (SCF) were extensively evaluated with various high-quality reference datasets over Chinese mainland. The six ESMs in LS3MIP were driven by four meteorological forcing datasets. The results indicated that the LS3MIP multi-model means (MMEs) of most variables are underestimated overall, while they show high spatial consistency in term of linear trends, with the percentage area ranging 56% ~ 85% between simulations and reference datasets. After computing and ranking multi statistical metrics (bias, correlation coefficient, normalized standard deviation, and unbiased root-mean-square biases), it is found that the CESM2 model produces the best performance of land surface hydrological variables, while as the meteorological forcing dataset GSWP3 exhibits the highest quality. Furthermore, the analysis of variance method (ANOVA) was then used to trace sources of the uncertainty of the LS3MIP hydrological variables for 1900–2012 (1948–2012 for Ro). In ANOVA, the simulation uncertainties may be decomposed into three sources: model, atmospheric forcing datasets and their interactions. In LS3MIP historical hydrological variables over China, model uncertainty is the dominant factor overall although it shows regional differences, and the dependence of uncertainty on the model differs among hydrological regimes. This highlights the urgent requirements to improve the land surface model representation in future research.</p>
A Long-Term Land Surface Hydrologic Fluxes and States Dataset for China
<p>** VIC_forcings_4vars: 1/4 Degree Gridded Daily Meteorological VIC Forcing Data Set over China domain </p> <p>1. Data sources</p> <p>This dataset is from 1/1/1952 to 12/31/2012, which were derived by interpolating gauged daily precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and wind speed of 756 ground mornitoring stations from Chinese Meteorological Administration (CMA). </p> <p>** This section provides only a very brief description of the data source. For a full explanation, the user need refer to the published papers in the references ** </p> <p>2. References to Cite</p> <p>We request that users of this data set cite Zhang et al.(2014) in any reports or publications using it. </p> <p>Zhang, X., Tang, Q., Pan, M., Tang, Y., 2014. A Long-Term Land Surface Hydrologic Fluxes and States Dataset for China. Journal of Hydrometeorology. (Accepted)</p> <p>3. Dataset format</p> <p>This data set is available in netCDF (which cannot be read directly by VIC). </p> <p>Please click the year number in the table below to download the corresponding daily forcings (i.e., precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and wind speed). </p> <p><br> ** VICoutput_fluxes: VIC Retrospective Land Surface Dadaset over China: 1952-2012</p> <p>1. Background</p> <p>The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model was driven using the gridded daily observed forcings (including precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and wind speed; if necessary, please download the VIC forcings from http://hydro.igsnrr.ac.cn/public/vic_forcings_4vars.html) to simulate the land surface hydrological cycle from 1952-2012 over China. The modeling study was done at a 3-hourly time step and at a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree. Details can be found in the journal article:</p> <p>Zhang, X., Q. Tang, M. Pan, and Y. Tang, 2014: A Long-Term Land Surface Hydrologic Fluxes and States Dataset for China. Journal of Hydrometeorology. doi: 10.1175/JHM-D-13-0170.1</p> <p>2. Archived data information and format</p> <p>This website provides access to parts of the model derived variables(including the water balance variables and states and energy balance varibales) at daily scale. This dataset is available in netCDF format. Please click the varible names below to download the corresponding variable.</p> <p>3. Download the dataset</p> <p>Model Derived Variables, 1952-2012 (Water Balance Variables and States)</p> <p>Evaporation<br> Runoff<br> Baseflow<br> Soil Moisture Layer 1<br> Soil Moisture Layer 2<br> Soil Moisture Layer 3<br> Snow Water Equivalent</p> <p>Contact: tangqh@igsnrr.ac.cn</p>
Supporting data for ''Sea surface warming patterns drive hydrological sensitivity uncertainties"
<p>Supporting data for our work on Nature Climate Change. You will find:</p> <p> - Integrated desired fireds from the CAM5 patch experiments,</p> <p> - Post-processed data from CMIP5 and CMIP6 models,</p> <p> - python codes for generating the plots in the manuscript.</p>
Pre SWOT Hydrology Global Lake/Reservoir Surface Inland Water Height GREALM V.2
The Global Lake/Reservoir Surface Inland Water Height Time Series is derived from the G-REALM10 lake level product https://ipad.fas.usda.gov/cropexplorer/global_reservoir/ The purpose of this dataset is to provide surface water dynamics for several hundred lakes and reservoirs across the globe. These time series potentially span a 25 year time period, from late 1992 to 2017, satisfying the project goal of ESDR creation with a suitable level of quality that supports long-term trend analysis and global water dynamics models. Water level variation is also a key component required for the determination of surface water storages and fluxes. This product is readily accessible and is of direct use to both water managers and the scientific community worldwide, and allows for improved assessment and modeling of the human impact on the global water cycle. These pre SWOT data are derived from satellites to provide hydrological measurements. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will have hydrology as one of its objectives. This dataset does not have the same variables as SWOT, but does provide hydrological measurements with typical quality flagging typical of satellite data. Not only does it provide science information, it can also assist hydrological users new to satellite data with the satellite data formats and variables before SWOT launches.
Pre SWOT Hydrology Global Lake/Reservoir Surface Inland Water Area Extent V2
The Global Lake/Reservoir Surface Inland Water Extent Mask Time Series are derived from the MODIS instruments. The purpose of this dataset is to provide surface water dynamics for several hundred lakes and reservoirs throughout the globe, with a base temporal resolution of 8 days and a spatial resolution of 500 meters. With the exception of periods of low-quality input data, these time series will extend across the lifespan of the MODIS multispectral reflectance products, from roughly 2000 to present. These time series will allow us to satisfy the project goal to produce ESDRs of suitable quality to support long-term trend analysis and global water dynamics models for the longest length possible (in most cases, about 20 years, the length of the altimetry record) of key measures of surface water storages and fluxes. This product should be accessible and of direct use to both water managers and the scientific community worldwide, and will allow for improved assessment and modeling of human impact on the global water cycle. These pre SWOT data are derived from satellites to provide hydrological measurements. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will have hydrology as one of its objectives. This dataset does not have the same variables as SWOT, but does provide hydrological measurements with typical quality flagging typical of satellite data. Not only does it provide science information, it can also assist hydrological users new to satellite data with the satellite data formats and variables before SWOT launches.
Land Surface Model (LSM 1.0) for Ecological, Hydrological, Atmospheric Studies
The NCAR LSM 1.0 is a land surface model developed by Gordon Bonan to examine biogeophysical and biogeochemical land-atmosphere interactions, especially the effects of land surfaces on climate and atmospheric chemistry. It can be run coupled to an atmospheric model or uncoupled, in a stand-alone mode, if an atmospheric forcing is provided. The model runs on a spatial grid that can range from one point to global. The model was designed for coupling to atmospheric numerical models. Consequently, there is a compromise between computational efficiency and the complexity with which the necessary atmospheric, ecological, and hydrologic processes are parameterized. The model is not meant to be a detailed micrometeorological model, but rather a simplified treatment of surface fluxes that reproduces at minimal computational cost the essential characteristics of land-atmosphere interactions important for climate simulations. The model is a complete executable code with its own time-stepping driver, initialization (subroutine lsmini), and main calling routine (subroutine lsmdrv). When coupled to an atmospheric model, the atmospheric model is the time-stepping driver. There is one call to subroutine lsmini during initialization to initialize all land points in the domain; there is one call per time step to subroutine lsmdrv to calculate surface fluxes and update the ecological, hydrological, and thermal state for all land points in the domain. The model writes its own restart and history files. These can be turned off if appropriate.Available for downloading from the ORNL DAAC are the LMS Model Documentation and User's Guide (ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/model_archive/LSM/lsm_1.0/comp/NCAR_LSM_Users_Guide.pdf ), the model source code, input data set, and scripts for running the model. Applications of the model are described in two additional companion files (ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/model_archive/LSM/lsm_1.0/comp/NCAR_LSM_Bckgrnd_Application_Info.pdf and ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/model_archive/LSM/lsm_1.0/comp/NCAR_LSM_Analyzed-Data.pdf.
Predictor importance for hydrological fluxes of Global Hydrological and Land Surface Models
<p>Data and Codes for the WRR article submitted in 2023</p> <p>Title: Predictor importance for hydrological fluxes of Global Hydrological and Land Surface Models</p>
ClimoBase: Rouse Canadian Surface Observations of Weather, Climate, and Hydrological Variables, 1984-1998, Version 1
ClimoBase is a collection of surface climate measurements collected in Northern Canada by Dr. Wayne Rouse between 1984 and 1998 in three locations: Churchill, Manitoba; Marantz Lake, Manitoba; and Inuvik, Northwest Territories. These data are comprised of surface-climate measurements, including solar time, wind speed, wind direction, dry-bulb, wet-bulb, and vapor pressure in 24 sites focused at the three Northern Canadian locations. The sites were chosen to include a variety of terrains in the study: sedge fen wetland, willow-birch wetland, lichen-heath, bedrock boulders/heath, spruce- tamarack forest, tundra lake, creek, various (e.g. a basin: sedge, willow, lichen-heath, forest, etc.), sparse vegetation (short grass/sedge, heath spp.), and coastal marsh (tall grass, sandy soils). The measurements were taken in increments ranging from seasonally to every 15 minutes. In all, 177 different variables were measured and recorded. The data are valuable due to their unique and consistent nature.
Response of hydrological processes to event- and annual-scale precipitation extremes in the critical zone of the hillside surface
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