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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2017View details →

Figure 3 in Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari, Mesostigmata) in the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) nests in Urmia suburb, North West of Iran

Figure 3. Dermanyssus gallinae after clearing in lactophenol, anus (black arrow) is located on posterior part of anal plate (magnification: 100×).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2010View details →

Fig. 6 in The Migratory Fattening Of The Barn Swallow Hirundo Rustica In Hungary

Fig. 6. Map of recoveries south from Hungary in Europe during autumn (July–November, circles) and spring (March–May, squares)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2010View details →

Fig. 2 in Two Swallow Species from the Early Pliocene of Langebaanweg (South Africa)

Fig. 2. Fragmentary humeri of a medium−sized swallow species from the early Pliocene Varswater Formation at Langebaanweg, South Africa in cranial (A1, B1) and caudal (A2, B2) view. A. Left distal humerus SAM−PQ L 70289. B. Right distal humerus SAM−PQ L 70290. Abbreviation: pit, small depression on caudal surface of processus supracondylaris dorsalis.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2010View details →

Fig. 1 in Two Swallow Species from the Early Pliocene of Langebaanweg (South Africa)

Fig. 1. Fragmentary humeri of a large swallow species from the early Pliocene Varswater Formation at Langebaanweg, South Africa in cranial (A1, B1, C1) and caudal (A2, B2, C2) view. A. Left humerus SAM−PQ L 24915T. B. Right distal humerus SAM−PQ L 70288. C. Right distal humerus SAM−PQ L 70406. Abbreviations: cd, condylus dorsalis; ct, caudal tubercle; cv, condylus ventralis; fpd, fossa pneumotricipitalis dorsalis; fpv, fossa pneumotricipitalis ventralis; mps, attachment site for tendon of M. pronator superficialis; pf, processus flexorius; psd, processus supracondylaris dorsalis; sst, sulcus scapulotricipitalis.

Fig. 5 in Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica in Peninsular Malaysia: urban winter roost counts after 50 years, and dietary segregation from house-farmed swiftlets Aerodramus sp.

Fig. 5. Diet distribution of swallows and house-farmed swiftlets at Bentong identified by NGS molecular analysis.

Fig. 1 in Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica in Peninsular Malaysia: urban winter roost counts after 50 years, and dietary segregation from house-farmed swiftlets Aerodramus sp.

Fig. 1. (Left) Map of Peninsular Malaysia, with an enlarged plan of Pahang State; the circle indicates the study area, Bentong District. (Right) Google view of Bentong municipality, showing old town centre (red) and suburbs where house-farmed swiftlet colonies (blue) were counted.

Fig. 2 in Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica in Peninsular Malaysia: urban winter roost counts after 50 years, and dietary segregation from house-farmed swiftlets Aerodramus sp.

Fig. 2. Swallows roosting on utility wires along streets of the Bentong town centre. Pacific Swallows, recognisable from below by the grey belly, were present in very low numbers during the passage and wintering period.

Fig. 4 in Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica in Peninsular Malaysia: urban winter roost counts after 50 years, and dietary segregation from house-farmed swiftlets Aerodramus sp.

Fig. 4. Comparative diets of swallows and house-farmed swiftlets in Bentong, identified by morphological analysis.

Fig. 3 in Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica in Peninsular Malaysia: urban winter roost counts after 50 years, and dietary segregation from house-farmed swiftlets Aerodramus sp.

Fig. 3. Number of Barn Swallows in the urban roost in Bentong town, Pahang, in 2015–16 and averaged for 1966–68.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) in East Asia show strong tolerance against nest mites

Hosts defend against parasites through two main strategies: resistance and tolerance. These two strategies have different influences on the parasite load of the host and so have variable effects on the fitness of parasites. In this study, we investigated the strategy used by the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) to defend against a haematophagous mite (Dermanyssus hirundinis) in East Asia. For the first time, we found Barn Swallows were parasitized by D. hirundinis in Asia and, in north-eastern China, over 60% of broods were parasitized. We examined whether swallows with better body condition or the males with more extravagant sexually selected traits (longer tail streamers or redder ventral plumage) showed stronger resistance or tolerance to these parasites. The results showed that males with more extravagant sexual ornaments had weaker resistance (heavier brood mite load) than males with less extravagant traits; however, the heavier mite load was likely to be a by-product of larger brood size. Moreover, the Barn Swallow population showed strong tolerance against the parasite, i.e., the brood mite load did not affect brood size or nestling body mass. It is worth noting that male swallows with redder breast plumage showed weaker tolerance (lower seasonal reproductive success) than other males. Further, we conducted experimental ectoparasite manipulations in 46 Barn Swallow nests to verify the potential effect of these parasites on the body condition of nestlings. Neither the body mass nor the hemoglobin concentration differed between the designed groups; however, the hemoglobin concentration of nestlings decreased with mite load. We concluded that the Barn Swallow population in East Asia used the tolerance strategy, rather than resistance to defend against nest mites, and the ectoparasitic mite did not appear to be a strong selective factor for reproductive success owing to the strong tolerance of the studied Barn Swallow population.

publicDec 2025View details →

Data and code from: DNA metabarcoding reveals dietary divergence among sympatric swallows and flycatchers

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publicJan 2023View details →

Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) in East Asia show strong tolerance against nest mites

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publicJan 2025View details →

Radar revelations: Insect availability influences parental provisioning in breeding Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)

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opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Data from: Selection on multiple sexual signals in two Central- and Eastern-European populations of the barn swallow

Variation in intensity and targets of sexual selection on multiple traits has been suggested to play a major role in promoting phenotypic differentiation between populations, although the divergence in selection may depend on year, local conditions or age. In this study, we quantified sexual selection for two putative sexual signals across two Central- and East-European barn swallow (Hirundo rustica rustica) populations from Czech Republic and Romania over multiple years. We then related these differences in selection to variation in sexual characters among barn swallow populations. Our results show that tail length and ventral colouration vary between populations, sexes and age classes (first-time breeders vs. experienced birds). We found that selection on tail length was stronger in first-time breeders than in experienced birds and in males than in females in the Romanian population, while these differences between age groups and sexes were weak in Czech birds. We suggest that the populational difference in selection on tail length might be related to the differences in breeding conditions. Our results show that ventral colouration is darker (i.e. has lower brightness) in the Romanian than in the Czech population, and in experienced birds and males compared with first-time breeders and females, respectively. The sexual difference in ventral colouration may suggest sexual selection on this trait, which is supported by the significant directional selection of ventral colouration in first-time breeding males on laying date. However, after controlling for the confounding effect of wing length and tarsus length, the partial directional selection gradient on this trait turned non-significant, suggesting that the advantage of dark ventral colouration in early breeding birds is determined by the correlated traits of body size. These findings show that ventral colouration may be advantageous over the breeding season, but the underlying mechanism of this relationship is not clarified.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Achromatic plumage brightness predicts stress resilience and social interactions in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)

Theory suggests that signal honesty may be maintained by differential costs for high and low quality individuals. For signals that mediate social interactions, costs can arise from the way that a signal changes the subsequent social environment via receiver responses. These receiver-dependent costs may be linked with individual quality through variation in resilience to environmental and social stress. Here, we imposed stressful conditions on female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) by attaching groups of feathers during incubation to decrease flight efficiency and maneuverability. We simultaneously monitored social interactions using an RFID network that allowed us to track the identity of every individual that visited each nest for the entire season. Prior to treatments, plumage coloration was correlated with baseline and stress-induced corticosterone. Relative to controls, experimentally challenged females were more likely to abandon their nest during incubation. Overall, females with brighter white breasts were less likely to abandon, but this pattern was only significant under stressful conditions. In addition to being more resilient, brighter females received more unique visitors at their nest box and tended to make more visits to other active nests. In contrast, dorsal coloration did not reliably predict abandonment or social interactions. Taken together, our results suggest that females differ in their resilience to stress and that these differences are signaled by plumage brightness, which is in turn correlated with the frequency of social interactions. While we do not document direct costs of social interaction, our results are consistent with models of signal honesty based on receiver-dependent costs.

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) fledglings use crop habitat more frequently in relation to its availability than pasture and other habitat types

Populations of birds that forage on aerial insects have been declining across North America for several decades, but the main causes of and reasons for geographical variation in these declines remains unclear. We examined the habitat use and survival of post-fledging Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica), near Vancouver, BC, Canada using VHF radio telemetry. We predicted that fledgling Barn Swallows hatched in higher quality natal habitat (pasture) would fledge at higher quality, stay closest to the nest, disproportionately use higher-quality habitat during the post-fledge stage and have higher survival rates in the region. Contrary to our predictions, we found that natal habitat (crop, pasture or non-agriculture) had no effect on fledgling quality or movement distance. Barn Swallow fledglings used crop habitat more frequently in relation to its availability than other habitat types, including pasture. Barn Swallows had low post-fledging survival rates (0.44; 95% CI: 0.35-0.57), which could negatively influence the population trend of the species in this region. While natal habitat had only minor effects, crop habitat appears to be important for fledgling Barn Swallows and therefore a decline in this habitat type could have further negative implications for an already declining species.