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11 results for “sweepstakes”
Sweepstakes reproductive success via pervasive and recurrent selective sweeps
<p>Highly fecund natural populations characterized by high early mortality abound, yet our knowledge about their recruitment dynamics is somewhat rudimentary. This knowledge gap has implications for our understanding of genetic variation, population connectivity, local adaptation, and the resilience of highly fecund populations. The concept of sweepstakes reproductive success, which posits a considerable variance and skew in individual reproductive output, is key to understanding the distribution of individual reproductive success. However, it still needs to be determined whether highly fecund organisms reproduce through sweepstakes and, if they do, the relative roles of neutral and selective sweepstakes. Here we use coalescent-based statistical analysis of population genomic data to show that selective sweepstakes likely explain recruitment dynamics in the highly fecund Atlantic cod. We show that the Kingman coalescent (modeling no sweepstakes) and the Xi-Beta coalescent (modeling random sweepstakes), including complex demography and background selection, do not provide an adequate fit for the data. The Durrett-Schweinsberg coalescent, in which selective sweepstakes result from recurrent and pervasive selective sweeps of new mutations, offers greater explanatory power. Our results show that models of sweepstakes reproduction and multiple-merger coalescents are relevant and necessary for understanding genetic diversity in highly fecund natural populations. These findings have fundamental implications for understanding the recruitment variation of fish stocks and general evolutionary genomics of high-fecundity organisms.</p>
Sweepstakes reproductive success via pervasive and recurrent selective sweeps
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Data from: Temporal genetic patterns of diversity and structure evidence sweepstakes in reproductive success of a spiny lobster
Population structure of many marine organisms is spatially patchy and varies within and between years, a phenomenon defined as chaotic genetic patchiness. This results from the combination of planktonic larval dispersal and environmental stochasticity. Additionally, in species with bi-partite life, post-settlement selection can magnify these genetic differences. The high fecundity (up to 500,000 eggs annually) and protracted larval duration (12-24 months) and dispersal of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, make it a good test species for chaotic genetic patchiness and selection during early benthic life. Here we used double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to investigate chaotic genetic patchiness and post-settlement selection in this species. We assessed differences in genetic structure and diversity of recently settled pueruli across four settlement years and between two sites in southeast Australia separated by approximately 1,000 km. Post-settlement selection was investigated by identifying loci under putative positive selection between recently settled pueruli and post-pueruli and quantifying differences in the magnitude and strength of the selection at each year and site. Genetic differences within and among sites through time in neutral SNP markers indicated chaotic genetic patchiness. Recently settled pueruli at the southernmost site exhibited lower genetic diversity during years of low pueruli catches, further supporting this hypothesis. Finally, analyses of outlier SNPs detected fluctuations in the magnitude and strength of the markers putatively under positive selection over space and time. One locus under putative positive selection was consistent at both locations during the same years, suggesting the existence of weak post-settlement selection.
Data from: Chaotic genetic patchiness without sweepstakes reproduction in the shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis
Fine-scale spatial and temporal variation in the genetic composition of benthic recruits, known as chaotic genetic patchiness, is often observed in marine and estuarine species with planktonic larvae. Several explanations have been proposed for chaotic genetic patchiness, including sweepstakes reproductive success, variability in larval source and natural selection. In a survey of the green shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis in Bodega Bay, California, allele frequencies at a mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphism were found to differ significantly among samples of first stage zoeae and between zoeae and adults. Sweepstakes reproductive success is unlikely to be responsible because the fecundity of this species is too low and there was no reduction in genetic diversity among zoeae. In principle, influxes of larvae from genetically distinct populations over 500 km to the north could have caused these differences; however, coalescent estimates indicated that gene flow from these distant populations has been very low and it is unlikely that first stage zoeae would have been transported such great distances. The possibility remains that natural selection, directly or indirectly, is responsible for the observed patchiness in mitochondrial allele frequencies.
Data from: dispersal sweepstakes: biotic interchange propelled air-breathing fishes across the globe
<p>Synbranchiformes is a phenotypically diverse and species rich clade of freshwater acanthomorph fishes, which include eel- and perch-like, air-breathing and non-air-breathing fishes. The ability to breathe out of water has presumably aided lineages of Synbranchiformes in dispersing across all southern continents except Antarctica. The lack of a well-resolved, time-calibrated phylogeny of Synbranchiformes limits our understanding of the timing and geographic patterns of diversification of these anatomically and ecologically diverse fishes. As a consequence, contemporary interpretations of synbranchiform biogeography invoke scenarios as disparate as Gondwana vicariance and pan-global rafting to explain their modern-day geographic distribution. In this study, we use high-throughput sequencing of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) to infer a phylogeny for all major synbranchiform lineages. We combine this dataset with existing Sanger sequenced genes and fossil calibrations to infer a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of Synbranchiformes. Then, we use Bayesian methods of biogeographical reconstruction to document the history of dispersal of synbranchiforms, finding support for Southeast Asia as the likely ancestral area of all major lineages. Our results reject the hypothesis of Gondwanan vicariance explaining synbranchiform biogeography, and instead the historical biogeographic analyses support a hypothesis of independent continental invasions by snakeheads, anabantids, and spiny eels. However, there is no signal of elevated lineage diversification rates after these invasions. Instead, higher rates of lineage diversification in spiny eels pre-dates their arrival to Africa, while the high levels of lineage diversification observed in <em>Betta</em> were initiated prior to the flooding of insular Sundaland in SE Asia.</p>
Data from: dispersal sweepstakes: biotic interchange propelled air-breathing fishes across the globe
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Data from: Temporal genetic patterns of diversity and structure evidence sweepstakes in reproductive success of a spiny lobster
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Chaotic genetic patchiness without sweepstakes reproduction in the shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis
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Data from: Unexpected collective larval dispersal but little support for sweepstakes reproductive success in the highly dispersive brooding mollusk Crepidula fornicata
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COVID-19 Vaccinations With a Sweepstakes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04951310. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Sweepstake evolution revealed by population-genetic analysis of copy-number alterations in single genomes of breast cancer
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