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19 results for “swimming behaviour”
Fig. 2. Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866. A in First Record of Epitokous Metamorphosis and Swimming Behaviour of Glycera nicobarica (Polychaeta: Glyceridae), in the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan
Fig. 2. Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866. A, Whole body, epitokous male (NSMT-Pol 111422), dorsal view; B, enlargement of proboscis and prostomium, epitokous male (NSMT-Pol 111422), dorsal view; C, anterior part of an atoke with everted proboscis (NSMT-Pol 111429), lateral view; D, spermatozoon obtained from an epitokous male (NSMT-Pol 111426). Scale bars: 5 mm (A, C); 1 mm (B); 5 µm (D).
Fig. 6. Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866 in First Record of Epitokous Metamorphosis and Swimming Behaviour of Glycera nicobarica (Polychaeta: Glyceridae), in the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan
Fig. 6. Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866. Comparison of parapodia and chaetal arrangement in chaetiger 110 between epitoke (A) and atoke (B), posterior view. A, Epitokous female, 1.9 mm BW, NSMT-Pol 111427; B, atoke, 1.8 mm BW, NSMT-Pol 111428. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
Fig. 1 in First Record of Epitokous Metamorphosis and Swimming Behaviour of Glycera nicobarica (Polychaeta: Glyceridae), in the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan
Fig. 1. Collection sites of epitokes (solid circles) and atokes (open circles) of Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866 in the Seto Inland Sea and Ariake Sea, Japan. 1, Uno Port, Okayama Prefecture; 2, Tadanoumi, Hiroshima Prefecture; 3, Imabari Port, Ehime Prefecture; 4, Yanai Port, Yamaguchi Prefecture; 5, off Nagashima Island, Kaminoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture; 6, Himeshima Port, Oita Prefecture; a, Kasaoka Bay, Okayama Prefecture; b, Kure, Hiroshima Prefecture; c, Bouchi-no-su, Ehime Prefecture; d, Nukari-no-seto, Hiroshima Prefecture; e, off Iwaijima Island, Yamaguchi Prefecture; f, Kojiro-nagahama, Isahaya Bay, Nagasaki Prefecture.
Fig. 4. Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866 in First Record of Epitokous Metamorphosis and Swimming Behaviour of Glycera nicobarica (Polychaeta: Glyceridae), in the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan
Fig. 4. Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866. Scanning electron micrographs of two kinds of papillae on proboscis. A, B, Epitokous male (NSMT-Pol 111423); C, D, atoke (NSMT-Pol 111429). A, C, conical papillae with 3 U-shaped ridges; B, D, oval papilla. Scale bars: 10 µm.
Fig. 9 in First Record of Epitokous Metamorphosis and Swimming Behaviour of Glycera nicobarica (Polychaeta: Glyceridae), in the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan
Fig. 9. Small holes (one arrowed) on ventral surface of bases of parapodia of spent G. nicobarica Grube, 1866 (MS). Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Fig. 8 in First Record of Epitokous Metamorphosis and Swimming Behaviour of Glycera nicobarica (Polychaeta: Glyceridae), in the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan
Fig. 8. Timing of reproductive swimming of epitokes of Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866 at six sites in July to November in 2009 to 2011. Numbers above black squares indicate the number of epitokes collected on each ocassion. The locality numbers () correspond to those in Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 in First Record of Epitokous Metamorphosis and Swimming Behaviour of Glycera nicobarica (Polychaeta: Glyceridae), in the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan
Fig. 7. Presumed parasites attached to epitokous males of Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866. A, Copepod (arrow) (NSMT-Cr 22387) attached to parapodia of male (NSMT-Pol 111425); B, enlargement of copepod, dorsal view; C, nematodes (arrows) (NSMT-As 3962) attached to parapodia in mid-body of another male (NSMT-Pol 111424); D, enlargement of nematode. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–C); 0.1 mm (D).
Figure 2 in Swimming depth and behaviour of newly recruiting post-larvae of Sicyopterus japonicus (Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) in the estuary of the Ota River, Wakayama, Japan
Figure 2. – Map of the study area the estuary of the Ota River, Wakayama, Japan with the closed and opened (river mouth) stars showing starting and end points of underwater observation. Observations were not conducted in the shaded area on the right side because larvae avoided those areas.
Data from: Patterns of sperm swimming behaviour depend on male mating tactic and spawning environment in chinook salmon
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Elevated CO2 does not alter behavioural lateralization in free‐swimming juvenile European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) tested in groups
<p>Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) equilibrate with oceanic CO<sub>2</sub>, contributing to ocean acidification (OA). OA can induce changes in fish behavioural lateralization (an expression of brain functional asymmetries) manifested in a left or right turning preference in detour tests. However, recent works find no such effects, and other work demonstrates assessment of turning preferences by detour tests to be a flawed methodology. Behavioural lateralization and OA effects on lateralization therefore need to be assessed with alternative paradigms. Here, we investigate left-right turning preferences of N=260 free-swimming juvenile European sea bass (<em>Dicentrarchus</em> <em>labrax</em>) reared in either: ambient conditions; OA conditions; or reared in ambient conditions but tested in OA water. Fish were observed free-swimming in groups of 10 individuals in a circular tank, and individuals' turning preferences were quantified using trajectory data from video. In contrast to early studies, and in support of recent comprehensive work on coral reef fishes, we show that near future OA levels have no effect on behavioural lateralization (left–right turning preference) in juvenile European sea bass.</p>
Elevated CO2 does not alter behavioural lateralization in free‐swimming juvenile European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) tested in groups
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Data: Effects of seismic airgun playbacks on swimming patterns and behavioural states of Atlantic cod in a net pen
<p>Data abstract:</p> <p>We tracked individual fish using acoustic telemetry and exposed them to sound. Here, we provide (1) the raw acoustic tag detections, (2) the filtered/processed tag detections which served as an input for YAPS (Yet Another Positioning Solver), (3) the positions of the hydrophones (acoustic tag receivers), and (4) the positions of the fish (output of YAPS) and other relevant covariates (sun elevation, tide and treatment period).</p> <p> </p> <p>Paper abstract:</p> <p>Anthropogenic sound can affect fish behaviour and physiology which may affect their well-being. However, it remains a major challenge to translate such effects to consequences for fitness at an individual and population level. For this, energy budget models have been developed, but suitable data to parametrize these models are lacking. A first step towards such parametrization concerns the objective quantification of behavioural states at high resolution. We experimentally exposed individual Atlantic cod (<em>Gadus morhua</em>) in a net pen to the playback of seismic airgun sounds. We demonstrated that individual cod in the net pen did not change their swimming patterns immediately at the onset of the sound exposure. However, several individuals changed their time expenditure in three different behavioural states during the 1 h exposure. This may be suitable input for energy budget models that allow predictions about fitness consequences of acoustic disturbance.</p> <p> </p> <p>Paper reference:</p> <p>Hubert, J., Campbell, J. A., Slabbekoorn, H. (2020). Effects of seismic airgun playbacks on swimming patterns and behavioural states of Atlantic cod in a net pen. <em>Mar. Pollut. Bull.</em> <strong>160</strong>, 111680. DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111680</p>
Data from: Cryptic choice of conspecific sperm controlled by the impact of ovarian fluid on sperm swimming behaviour
Despite evidence that variation in male-female reproductive compatibility exists in many fertilization systems, identifying mechanisms of cryptic female choice at the gamete level has been a challenge. Here, under risks of genetic incompatibility through hybridization, we show how salmon and trout eggs promote fertilization by conspecific sperm. Using in vitro fertilization experiments that replicate the gametic micro-environment, we find complete inter-fertility between both species. However, if either species' ova were presented with equivalent numbers of both sperm types, conspecific sperm gained fertilization precedence. Surprisingly, the species' identity of the eggs did not explain this cryptic female choice, which instead was primarily controlled by conspecific ovarian fluid, a semi-viscous, protein-rich solution which bathes the eggs and is released at spawning. Video-analyses revealed that ovarian fluid doubled sperm motile lifespan, and straightened swimming trajectory, behaviours allowing chemoattraction up a concentration gradient. To confirm chemoattraction, cell migration tests through membranes containing pores that approximated to the egg micropyle showed that conspecific ovarian fluid attracted many more spermatozoa though the membrane, compared with heterospecific fluid or water. These combined findings together identify how cryptic female choice can evolve at the gamete level and promote reproductive isolation, mediated by a specific chemoattractive influence of ovarian fluid on sperm swimming behaviour.
Data from: Cryptic choice of conspecific sperm controlled by the impact of ovarian fluid on sperm swimming behaviour
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Fig. 5. Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866 in First Record of Epitokous Metamorphosis and Swimming Behaviour of Glycera nicobarica (Polychaeta: Glyceridae), in the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan
Fig. 5. Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866. Comparison of parapodia between epitokes (A–E) and atokes (F–J) of comparable body width, posterior view. A, Epitokous male, 2.8 mm BW, NSMT-Pol 111424; B–D, epitokous female, 2.0 mm BW, NSMT-Pol 111427; E, epitokous female, 2.6 mm BW, CMNH-ZW 002078; F, J, atoke, 2.8 mm BW, NSMT-Pol 111430; G–I, atoke, 1.8 mm BW, NSMT-Pol 111428. A, F, Chaetiger 1; B, G, chaetiger 4; C, H, chaetiger 34; D, I, chaetiger 110; E, J, chaetiger 180. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
Fig. 3 in First Record of Epitokous Metamorphosis and Swimming Behaviour of Glycera nicobarica (Polychaeta: Glyceridae), in the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan
Fig. 3. Epitokous female of Glycera nicobarica Grube, 1866 (NSMT-Pol 111427). A, Dorsal view of prostomium with 11 rings; B, conical papilla on proboscis with 3 U-shaped ridges; C, oval papilla on proboscis; D, aileron with triangular base; E, right parapodium of chaetiger 34 with everted branchia, anterior view; F, simple capillary from notopodium of chaetiger 110; G, spinigerous compound chaeta from neuropodium of chaetiger 110. Scale bars: 1 mm (A); 0.02 mm (B, C); 0.2 mm (D, E); 0.01 mm (F, G).
Figure 3. – A in Swimming depth and behaviour of newly recruiting post-larvae of Sicyopterus japonicus (Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) in the estuary of the Ota River, Wakayama, Japan
Figure 3. – A: Relationships between water depth and depth of swimming of newly recruited Sicyopterus japonicus post-larvae observed in the estuary of the Ota River from April to July 2008. Dashed and thin lines indicate bottom depth and swimming depth at 0, and open circles and closed triangles indicate observations near the river mouth and other areas, respectively. B: Percentage of bottom depth with the surface as 0 where post-larvae were swimming.
Figure 1. – A in Swimming depth and behaviour of newly recruiting post-larvae of Sicyopterus japonicus (Gobioidei: Sicydiinae) in the estuary of the Ota River, Wakayama, Japan
Figure 1. – A: A shoal of newly recruiting post-larvae of Sicyopterus japonicus swimming near rocks along the river bank; B: Head-down stationary holding (hovering) behaviour in the estuary of the Ota River.
Data from: Male sexually coercive behaviour drives increased swimming efficiency in female guppies
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