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4 results for “symbiotic microbes”
Is there a latitudinal diversity gradient for symbiotic microbes? A case study with sensitive partridge peas
<p><span>Mutualism is thought to be more prevalent in the tropics than temperate zones and may therefore play an important role in generating and maintaining high species richness found at lower latitudes. However, results on the impact of mutualism on latitudinal diversity gradients are mixed, and few empirical studies sample both temperate and tropical regions. We investigated whether a latitudinal diversity gradient exists in the symbiotic microbial community associated with the legume <em>Chamaecrista</em> <em>nictitans</em>. We sampled bacteria DNA from nodules and the surrounding soil of plant roots across a latitudinal gradient (38.64 °N to 8.68 °N). Using 16S rRNA sequence data, we identified many non-rhizobial species within <em>C. nictitans </em>nodules that cannot form nodules or fix nitrogen. Species richness increased towards lower latitudes in the non-rhizobial portion of the nodule community but not in the rhizobial community. The microbe community in the soil did not effectively predict the non-rhizobia community inside nodules, indicating that host selection is important for structuring non-rhizobia communities in nodules. We next factorially manipulated the presence of three non-rhizobia strains in greenhouse experiments and found that co-inoculations of non-rhizobia strains with rhizobia had a marginal effect on nodule number and no effect on plant growth. Our results suggest that these non-rhizobia bacteria are likely commensals – species that benefit from associating with a host but are neutral for host fitness. Overall, our study suggests that temperate <em>C. nictitans</em> plants are more selective in their associations with the non-rhizobia community, potentially due to differences in soil nitrogen across latitude.</span></p>
Is there a latitudinal diversity gradient for symbiotic microbes? A case study with sensitive partridge peas
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Isotopic evidence for increased carbon and nitrogen exchanges between peatland plants and their symbiotic microbes with rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations since 15000 cal. yr BP
<p>Whether nitrogen (N) availability will limit plant growth and removal of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> this century is controversial. Studies have suggested that N could progressively limit plant growth, as trees and soils accumulate N in slowly cycling biomass pools in response to increases in carbon sequestration. However, a question remains over the longer-term (decadal to century) feedbacks between climate, CO<sub>2</sub> and plant N uptake. The symbiosis between plants and microbes can help plants with mycorrhizal N uptake or biological N2 fixation – the pathway through which N can be rapidly brought into ecosystems and thereby partially or completely alleviate N limitation on plant productivity. Here we present results for plant N isotope composition (δ<sup>15</sup>N) in a peat core that dates to 15000 cal. yr BP to ascertain ecosystem-level N cycling responses to rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in the past. We found that an increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration happened with a decrease in δ<sup>15</sup>N values of both <em>Sphagnum</em> moss and Ericaceae over this time period when constrained for climatic factors. A modern experiment demonstrated that δ<sup>15</sup>N of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses decreased with increasing N2 fixation rates. These findings suggested that N2 fixation in <em>Sphagnum</em> moss by symbiosis with cyanobacteria and N uptake in Ericaceae by symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi both likely increased with rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, highlighting a longer-term feedback mechanism whereby N constraints on terrestrial carbon storage can be overcome. </p>
Isotopic evidence for increased carbon and nitrogen exchanges between peatland plants and their symbiotic microbes with rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations since 15000 cal. yr BP
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