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21 results for “symbiotic nitrogen fixation”
Data and analyses for Perkowski et al. (2024) manuscript accepted to AoB Plants: "Symbiotic nitrogen fixation reduces belowground biomass carbon costs of nitrogen acquisition under low, but not high, nitrogen availability"
<p>This repository contains data and scripts for analyses and plots in Perkowski et al. (2024), titled "Symbiotic nitrogen fixation reduces belowground biomass carbon costs of nitrogen acquisition under low, but not high, nitrogen availability".</p> <p>v2.0 updates code and scripts per reviewer comments and is the final release prior to manuscript proofing.</p>
Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogenfixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation
<p>Legumes can meet their nitrogen requirements through root nodule symbiosis, which could also trigger plant systemic resistance against pests. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, a legume pest, can harbour different facultative symbionts (FS) influencing various traits of their hosts. It is, therefore, worth determining if and how the symbionts of the plant and the aphid modulate their interaction. We used different pea aphid lines without FS or with a single one (Hamiltonella defensa, Regiella insecticola, Serratia symbiotica) to infest Medicago truncatula plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti (symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF)) or supplemented with nitrate (non-inoculated (NI)). The growth of SNF and NI plants was reduced by aphid infestation, while aphid weight (but not survival) was lowered on SNF compared to NI plants. Aphids strongly affected the plant nitrogen fixation depending on their symbiotic status, suggesting indirect relationships between aphid- and plant-associated microbes. Finally, all aphid lines triggered expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 (PR1) and Proteinase Inhibitor (PI), respective marker for salicylic and jasmonic pathways, in SNF plants, compared to only PR1 in NI plants. We demonstrate that the plant symbiotic status influences plant–aphid interactions while that of the aphid can modulate the amplitude of the plant's defence response.</p>
Data from: Disentangling the variability of symbiotic nitrogen fixation rate and the controlling factors
<p>Symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation (SNF), replenishing bioavailable N for terrestrial ecosystems, exerts decisive roles in N cycling and gross primary production. Nevertheless, it remains unclear what determines the variability of SNF rate, which retards the accurate prediction for global N fixation in earth system models. This study synthesized 1230 isotopic observations to elucidate the governing factors underlying the variations of SNF rate. The SNF rates varied significantly from 3.69 to 12.54 g N m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> across host plant taxa. The traits of host plant (e.g., biomass characteristics and taxa) far outweighed soil properties and climatic factors in explaining the variations of SNF rate, accounting for 79.0% of total relative importance. Furthermore, annual SNF yield contributed to more than half of N uptake for host plants, which was consistent across different ecosystem types. This study highlights that the biotic factors, especially host plant traits (e.g., biomass characteristics and taxa), play overriding roles in determining SNF rate compared with soil properties. The suite of parameters for SNF lend support to improve N fixation module in earth system models that can provide more confidence in predicting bioavailable N changes in terrestrial ecosystems.</p>
Data from: More diverse rhizobial communities can lead to higher symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates, even in nitrogen-rich soils
<p>Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) by legumes and their rhizobial partners is one of the most important sources of bioavailable nitrogen to terrestrial ecosystems. While most work on the regulation of SNF has focused on abiotic drivers such as light, water, and soil nutrients, the diversity of rhizobia with which an individual legume partners may play an important but under-recognized role in regulating nitrogen inputs from SNF. By experimentally manipulating the diversity of rhizobia available to legumes, we demonstrate that rhizobial diversity can increase average SNF rates by more than 90%, and that high rhizobial diversity can induce increased SNF even under conditions of high soil N fertilization. However, the effects of rhizobial diversity, the conditions under which diversity effects were strongest, and the likely mechanisms driving these diversity effects differed between the two legume species we assessed. These results provide evidence that biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships can occur at scales of an individual plant, and that the effects of rhizobial diversity may be as important as long-established abiotic factors, such as nitrogen availability, in driving terrestrial nitrogen inputs via SNF.</p>
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation does not stimulate soil phosphatase activity under temperate and tropical trees
<p>Symbiotic nitrogen (N)-fixing plants can enrich ecosystems with N, which can alter the cycling and demand for other nutrients. Researchers have hypothesized that fixed N could be used by plants and soil microbes to produce extracellular phosphatase enzymes, which release P from organic matter. Consistent with this speculation, the presence of N-fixing plants is often associated with high phosphatase activity, either in the soil or on root surfaces, although other studies have not found this association, and the connection between phosphatase and rates of N fixation—the mechanistic part of the argument—is tenuous. Here, we measured soil phosphatase activity under N-fixing trees and non-fixing trees transplanted and grown in tropical and temperate sites in the USA: two sites in Hawaii, and one each in New York and Oregon. This provides a rare example of phosphatase activity measured in a multi-site field experiment with rigorously quantified rates of N fixation. We found no difference in soil phosphatase activity under N-fixing vs. non-fixing trees nor across rates of N fixation, though we note that no sites were P limited and only one was N limited. Our results add to the literature showing no connection between N fixation rates and phosphatase activity.</p>
Data from: Disentangling the variability of symbiotic nitrogen fixation rate and the controlling factors
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Phosphorus controls symbiotic nitrogen fixation in fire-dependent longleaf pine savannas
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Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogenfixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation
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Data from: More diverse rhizobial communities can lead to higher symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates, even in nitrogen-rich soils
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation does not stimulate soil phosphatase activity under temperate and tropical trees
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Data from: Drought and soil nutrients effects on symbiotic nitrogen fixation in seedlings from eight Neotropical legume species
<p>Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a dominant source of nitrogen to many terrestrial ecosystems, and thus may influence their responses to global change. High legume species diversity and abundance are thought to lead to high rates of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Neotropical forests. However, how changes in water and nutrient availability will affect symbiotic nitrogen fixation have only recently been explored, even as droughts begin to increase in severity and frequency in the Neotropics. To explore these effects, we grew eight species of Neotropical woody legume seedlings in a shadehouse for four months while manipulating soil water, phosphorus and molybdenum availability. Overall, drought reduced nodule biomass, nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction g<sup>-1</sup> nodule), and acetylene reduction per seedling by 33%, 27%, and 41%, respectively, but reduced seedling biomass by only 18%. Species varied in the manifestation of drought effects. For example, drought reduced the probability that nodules formed in some species, but in others reduced the nitrogenase activity or acetylene reduction per seedling. In contrast, the effects of phosphorus and molybdenum availability were more species-specific. However, fertilization did affect (both positively and negatively) one or more symbiotic nitrogen fixation response variables in two of the eight species. Our results indicate drought reduces symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Neotropical legume seedlings, but the mechanism of response may be species-specific. Therefore, predicting the response of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the Neotropics to a changing climate, with expected increases in drought frequency and severity, may require grappling with the diversity of responses among nitrogen-fixing legumes.</p>
Nitrogen economy of alpine plants on the north Tibetan Plateau: nitrogen conservation by resorption rather than open sources through biological symbiotic fixation
<p>Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important factors limiting plant productivity, and N fixation by legume species is an important source of N input into ecosystems. Meanwhile, N resorption from senescent plant tissues conserves nutrients taken up in the current season, which may alleviate ecosystem N limitation. N fixation was assessed by the <sup>15</sup>N dilution technique in four types of alpine grasslands along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients. The N resorption efficiency (NRE) was also measured in these alpine grasslands. The aboveground biomass in the alpine meadow was 4–6 times higher than in the alpine meadow-steppe, alpine steppe, and alpine desert-steppe. However, the proportion of legume species to community biomass in the alpine steppe and the alpine desert steppe was significantly higher than the proportion in the alpine meadow. N fixation by the legume plants in the alpine meadow was 0.236 g N m<sup>-2</sup>, which was significantly higher than N fixation in other alpine grasslands (0.041 to 0.089 g N m<sup>-2</sup>). The NRE in the alpine meadows was lower than in the other three alpine grasslands. Both the aboveground biomass and N fixation of the legume plants showed decreasing trends with the decline of precipitation and soil N gradients from east to west, while the NRE of alpine plants showed increasing trends along the gradients, which indicates that alpine plants enhance the NRE to adapt to the increasing droughts and nutrient-poor environments. The opposite trends of N fixation and NRE along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients indicate that alpine plants adapt to precipitation and soil nutrient limitation by promoting NRE (conservative nutrient use by alpine plants) rather than biological N fixation (open sources by legume plants) on the north Tibetan Plateau.</p>
Data from: Light regulates tropical symbiotic nitrogen fixation more strongly than soil nitrogen
Nitrogen limits primary production in almost every biome on Earth1,2. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation, conducted by certain angiosperms and their endosymbiotic bacteria, is the largest potential natural source of new nitrogen into the biosphere3, influencing global primary production, carbon sequestration and element cycling. Because symbiotic nitrogen fixation represents an alternative to soil nitrogen uptake, much of the work on symbiotic nitrogen fixation regulation has focused on soil nitrogen availability4,5,6,7,8. However, because symbiotic nitrogen fixation is an energetically expensive process9, light availability to the plant may also regulate symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates10,11. Despite the importance of symbiotic nitrogen fixation to biosphere functioning, the environmental factors that most strongly regulate this process remain unresolved. Here we show that light regulates symbiotic nitrogen fixation more strongly than does soil nitrogen and that light mediates the response of symbiotic nitrogen fixation to soil nitrogen availability. In a shadehouse experiment, low light levels (comparable with forest understories) completely shut down symbiotic nitrogen fixation, whereas soil nitrogen levels that far exceeded plant demand did not fully downregulate symbiotic nitrogen fixation at high light. For in situ forest seedlings, light was a notable predictor of symbiotic nitrogen fixation activity, but soil-extractable nitrogen was not. Light as a primary regulator of symbiotic nitrogen fixation is a departure from decades of focus on soil nitrogen availability. This shift in our understanding of symbiotic nitrogen fixation regulation can resolve a long-standing biogeochemical paradox12, and it will improve our ability to predict how symbiotic nitrogen fixation will fuel the global forest carbon sink and respond to human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle.
Data from: Light regulates tropical symbiotic nitrogen fixation more strongly than soil nitrogen
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Data from: Drought and soil nutrients effects on symbiotic nitrogen fixation in seedlings from eight Neotropical legume species
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Nitrogen economy of alpine plants on the north Tibetan Plateau: nitrogen conservation by resorption rather than open sources through biological symbiotic fixation
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Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the reproductive structures of a basidiomycete fungus
<p><span>Nitrogen (N) fixation is a driving force for the formation of symbiotic associations between N</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>-fixing bacteria and eukaryotes.</span><sup><span>1</span></sup><span> Limited examples of these associations are known in fungi, and none with the sexual structures of species outside of lichens.</span><sup><span>2-6</span></sup><span> The basidiomycete, </span><i><span>Guyanagaster necrorhizus</span></i><span>, is a sequestrate fungus endemic to the Guiana Shield.</span><sup><span>7</span></sup><span> Much like the root rot-causing species in its sister genera, </span><i><span>Armillaria</span></i><span> and </span><i><span>Desarmillaria</span></i><span>, </span><i><span>G. necrorhizus</span></i><span> sporocarps fruit from the roots of decaying trees (Figures 1A, 1B and 1C),</span><sup><span>8</span></sup><span> and genome sequencing is consistent with observations that </span><i><span>G. necrorhizus</span></i><span> is a white-rotting decomposer. This species also represents the first documented instance of an arthropod-dispersed sequestrate fungus. Numerous species of distantly related wood-feeding termites, which scavenge for N-rich food, </span><a><span>feed on </span></a><span>mature </span><i><span>G. necrorhizus</span></i><span> gleba, </span><span><span>the interior spore-bearing tissue</span></span><span>. During feeding, mature spores adhere to termites for subsequent dispersal.<sup>9</sup> Using chemical assays, isotope analysis and high-throughput sequencing, we show that the sporocarps harbor actively N</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>-fixing Enterobacteriaceae species and that the N content within fungal tissue increases with maturation. Untargeted proteomic profiling suggests that ATP generation in the gleba is accomplished via fermentation. The use of fermentation—an anaerobic process—indicates that the sporocarp environment is anoxic, likely an adaptation to protect the oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase enzyme. Sporocarps also have a thick outer covering, possibly to limit oxygen diffusion. The enriched N</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> content within mature sporocarps may offer a dietary inducement for termites in exchange for spore dispersal to woody substrates. These results show that the flexible metabolic capacity of fungi may facilitate N</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>-fixing associations, as well as higher-level organismal associations.</span></p>
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the reproductive structures of a basidiomycete fungus
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Transcriptomic analysis reveals genetic factors underlying impaired symbiotic nitrogen fixation in lines derived from crosses between cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and its wild ancestors
GEO Series GSE289879. Arachis hypogaea. 27 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
CPOP1 is the key heme synthesis enzyme required for nodule microenvironment control and successful symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Lotus japonicus
GEO Series GSE262662. Lotus japonicus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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