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Fig. 1 in Morphological characters and SNP markers suggest hybridization and introgression in sympatric populations of the pleurocarpous mosses Homalothecium lutescens and H. sericeum

Fig. 1 Measurements of branch leaf characteristics of Homalothecium spp. Leaf characters (L1-L18) are explained in Table 3

Fig. 4 in Morphological characters and SNP markers suggest hybridization and introgression in sympatric populations of the pleurocarpous mosses Homalothecium lutescens and H. sericeum

Fig. 4 Relationship between width and length of leaf lamina of Homalothecium leaf specimens (N = 240) collected from the allopatric populations of H. lutescens (N = 60) and H. sericeum (N = 59) and the

Fig. 6 in Morphological characters and SNP markers suggest hybridization and introgression in sympatric populations of the pleurocarpous mosses Homalothecium lutescens and H. sericeum

Fig. 6 The positions of putatively hybrid sporophytes from the sympatric populations of H. lutescens and H. sericeum superimposed in the PCA from Fig. 5, based on leaf morphology of the maternal gametophytes. The morphospace of leaves from allopatric populations of H. lutescens and H. sericeum are shown as encircled surfaces (blue circle = H. lutescens and yellow circle = H. sericeum). The red circle represents the morphospace of individuals from the sympatric populations. Each square represents a hybrid sporophyte specimen, collected on its

Fig. 5 in Morphological characters and SNP markers suggest hybridization and introgression in sympatric populations of the pleurocarpous mosses Homalothecium lutescens and H. sericeum

Fig. 5 Principal component analysis of 14 leaf characters from 240 specimens representing allopatric and sympatric populations of Homalothecium lutescens and H. sericeum. The first two axes (PC1 and PC2) representing together 36% of variation are shown. The colours and shapes of data points correspond to the population of the specimens. Leaf

Fig. 2 in Morphological characters and SNP markers suggest hybridization and introgression in sympatric populations of the pleurocarpous mosses Homalothecium lutescens and H. sericeum

Fig. 2 (a) Measurement of capsule orientation in relation to the seta in Homalothecium as the angle (in degrees) between the seta and spore capsule at the basis of the spore capsule. (b) Capsule inclinations of individuals from the allopatric populations fell into the black ranges of variation; in the sympatric populations individuals occurred with capsule inclinations ranging outside typical capsule inclinations of the pure species (red zone: 150°- 164°), indicating hybrid origin

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

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Data from: Difference in reproductive mode rather than ploidy explains niche differentiation in sympatric sexual and apomictic populations of Potentilla puberula

Apomicts tend to have larger geographical distributional ranges and to occur in ecologically more extreme environments than their sexual progenitors. However, the expression of apomixis is typically linked to polyploidy. Thus, it is a priori not clear whether intrinsic effects related to the change in the reproductive mode or rather in the ploidy drive ecological differentiation. We used sympatric sexual and apomictic populations of Potentilla puberula to test for ecological differentiation. To distinguish the effects of reproductive mode and ploidy on the ecology of cytotypes, we compared the niches (i) of sexuals (tetraploids) and autopolyploid apomicts (penta-, hepta- and octoploids) and (ii) of the three apomictic cytotypes. We based comparisons on a ploidy screen of 238 populations along a latitudinal transect through the Eastern European Alps and associated bioclimatic, soil and topographic data. Sexual tetraploids preferred primary habitats at drier, steeper, more south-oriented slopes, while apomicts mostly occurred in human-made habitats with higher water availability. Contrariwise, we found no or only marginal ecological differentiation among the apomictic higher ploids. Based on the pronounced ecological differences found between sexuals and apomicts, in addition to the lack of niche differentiation among cytotypes of the same reproductive mode, we conclude that reproductive mode rather than ploidy is the main driver of the observed differences. Moreover, we compared our system with others from the literature, to stress the importance of identifying alternative confounding effects (such as hybrid origin). Finally, we underline the relevance of studying ecological parthenogenesis in sympatry, to minimise the effects of differential migration abilities

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Greater reproductive assurance of asexual plant compared to sexual relative in a low density sympatric population – experimental evidence for pollen limitation

This dataset contains data from a common garden experiment described in the paper: "Mráz P, Mrázová V. 2021. Greater reproductive assurance of asexual plant compared to sexual relative in a low density sympatric population – experimental evidence for pollen limitation. Journal of Evolutionary Ecology ". We compared the level and stability of reproductive assurance between sexual self-incompatible and asexual autonomously apomictic plants of Hieracium alpinum (Asteraceae) cultivated in a sympatric low-density population with two levels of spatial clumping of sexual plants. Overall, we found that the realized seed set (i.e. proportion of well developed seeds per capitulum) of asexuals was ca. 3-times greater than that of sexuals (83% versus 27%), while the variance of this trait expressed as coefficient of variation was ca. 4-times smaller in asexuals compared to sexuals (19% versus 83%). Solitary sexual plants had more than 2-times lower realized seed set when compared to clumps composed of two spatially close (20-30 cm) sexual plants (13% versus 34%). Our study provides experimental evidence for benefit of uniparental reproduction of asexuals in a sympatric situation when the availability of mates is limited. This, together with unpredictability of pollinator environment could provide autonomous apomicts with an ultimate demographic superiority during colonization reflected in geographical parthenogenesis observed in this species.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2007View details →

Fig. 1 in A Preliminary Study Of Two Sympatric Maxomys Rats In Sarawak, Malaysia: Spacing Patterns And Population Dynamics

Fig. 1: a) Location of the study area, Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia (black circle); b) Distribution of wire-mesh live cage traps (black circles) set at the Canopy Biology Plot.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2007View details →

Fig. 2 in A Preliminary Study Of Two Sympatric Maxomys Rats In Sarawak, Malaysia: Spacing Patterns And Population Dynamics

Fig. 2. Distribution of the home ranges of Maxomys rajah and M. whiteheadi during: a) August 1997–July 1999; b) May 2001–July 2004; and c) November 2004–July 2005. M, male; F, female.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2007View details →

Fig. 3 in A Preliminary Study Of Two Sympatric Maxomys Rats In Sarawak, Malaysia: Spacing Patterns And Population Dynamics

Fig. 3. Population dynamics of Maxomys rajah (open circles) and M. whiteheadi (black squares) from August 1997 to July 2005 at Lambir hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia.

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African elephant rumbles differ between populations and sympatric social groups: possible consequences of vocal learning?

Vocal production learning, the ability to modify vocalizations in response to sounds made by others, was a critical prerequisite for the evolution of human speech but is rare among mammals. Elephants have exhibited this ability in captivity, yet its function in wild elephants remains unknown. Female African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) live in large societies with nested tiers of association in which vocal signatures of group identity could facilitate recognition of distant social affiliates. Vocal production learning allows the formation of such group signatures in many species and can also cause vocal differentiation between populations. However, the existence of vocal signatures of social group or population in elephants was unexplored. We recorded multiple social groups of wild elephants in two Kenyan populations (Samburu and Amboseli) and used random forest models to determine if calls could be assigned to individual callers, family groups, bond groups (collections of family groups), or populations based on acoustic structure. Calls were assigned by a random forest model to individual callers and populations with better-than-chance accuracy, demonstrating population-level divergence in vocalization structure. While random forest models failed to accurately assign calls to family or bond group, calls from the same family or bond group were significantly more similar (higher proximity scores) than calls from different groups, suggesting the existence of group signatures as well. We discuss possible drivers of this differentiation and argue that vocal learning is the most likely explanation for population- and group-level variation in elephants. The existence of group signatures suggests recognition of large numbers of individuals as a possible adaptive function for vocal production learning in elephants.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Fig. 5 in Calling songs of sympatric and allopatric populations of Cicada barbara and C. orni (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) on the Iberian Peninsula

Fig. 5. Scores of the first two PCA components extracted from a data matrix, which was composed of 9 acoustic variables measured for 158 individuals of Cicada barbara (Cb) and C. orni (Co) occurring allopatrically (allop) and sympatrically (symp).

Fig. 7 in Patterns of acoustic and morphometric variation in species of genus Tettigettalna (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): Sympatric populations show unexpected differences

Fig. 7. Box plot of the morphometric traits that differed statistically (Mann-Whitney, p <0.0039) between allopatric (Allo) and sympatric (Sym) populations of A – Tettigettalna argentata and B – Tettigettalna mariae. All measurements are in millimetres. See Table 2 for description of the morphometric traits.

Fig. 6 in Patterns of acoustic and morphometric variation in species of genus Tettigettalna (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): Sympatric populations show unexpected differences

Fig. 6. Scatter plot of the 69 Tettigettalna argentata and Tettigettalna mariae occurring allopatrically (Allo) and sympatrically (Sym) in the first two PCA components extracted from a correlation matrix composed of 13 acoustic variables. See ST3 for details of the Eigen analysis and factor loadings.

Fig. 2 in Calling songs of sympatric and allopatric populations of Cicada barbara and C. orni (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) on the Iberian Peninsula

Fig. 2. Oscillograms (amplitude vs. time) and sonagrams (frequency vs. time) of the calling songs of Cicada barbara and C. orni.

Fig. 4 in Patterns of acoustic and morphometric variation in species of genus Tettigettalna (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): Sympatric populations show unexpected differences

Fig. 4. Scatter plot of the 176 specimens of Tettigettalna in the two PCA components extracted from a correlation matrix composed of 22 morphometric traits. See ST2 for details of the Eigen analysis and factor loadings.

Fig. 4 in Calling songs of sympatric and allopatric populations of Cicada barbara and C. orni (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) on the Iberian Peninsula

Fig. 4. Scatterplots of the number of syllables per second relative to temperature in Cicada barbara and C. orni and of both echeme duration and inter-echeme interval relative to temperature in C. orni.

Fig. 2 in Patterns of acoustic and morphometric variation in species of genus Tettigettalna (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): Sympatric populations show unexpected differences

Fig. 2. The traits of external morphology of specimens of Tettigettalna measured. A – dorsal view; B – ventral view of the head; C – anterior femur; D – operculum; E – tymbal; F – anterior wing; G – posterior wing. (See Table 2 for detailed description).

Fig. 8 in Patterns of acoustic and morphometric variation in species of genus Tettigettalna (Hemiptera: Cicadidae): Sympatric populations show unexpected differences

Fig. 8. Scatter plot of the 50 Tettigettalna argentata and Tettigettalna mariae occurring allopatrically (Allo) and sympatrically (Sym) in the first two PCA components extracted from a correlation matrix composed of measurements of 22 morphometric traits. See ST4 for details of the Eigen analysis and factor loadings.

Fig. 3 in Calling songs of sympatric and allopatric populations of Cicada barbara and C. orni (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) on the Iberian Peninsula

Fig. 3. Boxplots of the acoustic variables of the songs of Cicada barbara and C. orni occurring allopatrically (Allop) and sympatrically (Symp).