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178 results for “synergistic effect”
Urban Residential Surface and Subsurface Hydrology: Synergistic Effects of Low-Impact Features at the Parcel Scale
Accurately predicting the hydrologic effects of urbanization requires an understanding of how hydrologic processes are affected by low‐impact development practices. In this study, we explored how growing season surface runoff, deep drainage, and evapotranspiration on a residential parcel are affected by several low‐impact interventions, including three "impervious‐centric" interventions (disconnecting downspouts, disconnecting sidewalks, and adding a transverse slope to the driveway and front walk), two "pervious‐centric" interventions (decompacting soil and adding microtopography), and all possible "holistic" combinations. Results were compared to both a highly and moderately compacted baseline parcel under an average and a dry weather scenario for a temperate climate. We find that under reasonable assumptions for highly compacted soil, pervious areas are a major source of runoff and disconnecting impervious surfaces may be relatively less effective without improving soil conditions. Under both highly and moderately compacted soil conditions, combining efforts to decompact soil with impervious disconnection has a synergistic effect on reducing surface runoff and increasing deep drainage and evapotranspiration. All combinations of interventions enhance infiltration, but the partitioning of additional root zone water between deep drainage and evapotranspiration depends on the weather scenario. Importantly, when all low‐impact interventions are applied together, growing season deep drainage is higher than that from a vacant lot with no impervious surfaces. We infer that ecohydrologic interfaces between impervious and pervious areas are strong controls on urban hydrologic fluxes and that high‐resolution, process‐based models can be used to account for these interfaces and thereby improve predictions of the hydrologic effects of low‐impact interventions.
Data Source: Synergistic effects of precipitation and groundwater extraction on freshwater wetland inundation
Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling, flood protection, and biodiversity support, that are sensitive to changes in wetland hydrology. Wetland hydrological inputs come from precipitation, groundwater discharge, and surface run-off. Changes to these inputs via climate variation, groundwater extraction, and land development may alter the timing and magnitude of wetland inundation. Data were compiled for 152 wetlands in west-central Florida over 14 years to investigate the response of wetland inundation to the interactive effects of precipitation, groundwater extraction, surrounding land development, basin geomorphology, and wetland vegetation class. Further methods are defined in the Methods section of the journal article associated with this dataset (Synergistic effects of precipitation and groundwater extraction on freshwater wetland inundation, published in the Journal of Environmental Management, 2023).
Data from: Synergistic effects of grass competition and insect herbivory on the weed Rumex obtusifolius in an inundative biocontrol approach
<p>Data are from a field experiment to test for synergistic interactions between grass competition and herbivory on <i>Rumex obtusifolius</i>, a prominent weed in temperate grasslands worldwide.</p><p><i>Rumex obtusifolius</i> was grown in the presence and absence of competition from the grass <i>Lolium perenne</i> and subjected to herbivory through targeted inoculation with root-boring <i>Pyropteron</i> spp.</p><p>To explore whether the interactive effects of competition and herbivory were size-dependent, <i>R. obtusifolius</i> was planted covering a large range of plant sizes found in managed grasslands.</p><p>The experimental layout followed a split-split plot design. Main-level factor was <i>L. perenne</i> competition, split-level factor was herbivory application, split-split-level factor was initial root mass of <i>R. obtusifolius</i>. Main-plots were arranged according to a randomized complete block design on the site (8 blocks, each containing a <i>L. perenne</i> competition and a no competition treatment).</p>
Supplementary data: Winter cover cropping: Effect on soybean and synergistic implications on soil microbiome
<p>Supplementary data: (i) Agronomic and quality data of soybean (2 varieties) grown in 2 years (2020 & 2021) in two management systems (organic & low-input) with different cover crops; (ii) Soil microbiome analysis of the soybean field trials.</p>
Raw and analyzed data for manuscript "The synergistic effect of microwave drying and plasma surface treatments on the wettability of green wood"
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In spite of being a one-step solution to several problems associated with woodworking and being energy efficient, the application of microwave (MW) modification in wood research remained very limited and the promising method has practically no use in wood industries across the globe. Research done so far in this field primarily sheds light on its potential in enhancing wood permeability, treatability and uniform wood drying. While MW treatments are mostly used on wet or green wood, another modification technique, plasma, has potential benefits to synergistically enhance effects of MW treatment, but has not been applied on wet or green wood specimens, so far. This study takes a first step to investigate effects of plasma treatments (PT) on green wood specimens as well as combinations of MW and plasma treatments. As a preliminary study, the methodology focuses on water contact angle measurements, since these are most commonly used as indicators for surface modifications in industrial applications. On the investigated samples of Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> Karst.), an exponential time dependence was found for the contact angle. Initial contact angle after droplet deposition increased due to drying and migration of organic molecules during treatments. In comparison to the literature, the effect of plasma was significantly less pronounced on wet wood specimens. The initial contact angle showed lowest statistical variations after MW treatment, whereas plasma increased inhomogeneities. The final contact angle on treated specimens was lowest for PT-only specimens as well as specimens treated with plasma after MW. In contrast to the initial contact angle, the final contact angle showed lowest variations after PT. Wetting rates were insignificantly improved by plasma, with reduced statistical variations after all treatments.</p>
Synergistic negative effects between a fungicide and high temperatures on homing behaviours in honey bees
<p>Interactions between environmental stressors may contribute to ongoing pollinator declines, but have not been extensively studied. Here, we examined the interaction between the agricultural fungicide Pristine<sup>®</sup> (active ingredients: 25.2% boscalid, 12.8% pyraclostrobin) and high temperatures on critical honey bee behaviours. We have previously shown that consumption of field-realistic levels of this fungicide shortens worker lifespan in the field and impairs associative learning performance in a laboratory-based assay. We hypothesized that Pristine<sup>®</sup> would also impair homing and foraging behaviours in the field, and that an interaction with hot weather would exacerbate this effect. Both field-relevant Pristine<sup>®</sup> exposure and higher air temperatures reduced the probability of successful return on their own. Together, the two factors synergistically reduced the probability of return and increased the time required for bees to return to the hive. Pristine<sup>®</sup> did not affect the masses of pollen or volumes of nectar or water brought back to the hive by foragers, and it did not affect the ratio of forager types in a colony. However, Pristine<sup>®</sup>-fed bees brought more concentrated nectar back to the hive. As both agrochemical usage and heat waves increase, additive and synergistic negative effects may pose major threats to pollinators and sustainable agriculture. </p>
Genome-wide selection signatures reveal widespread synergistic effects of two different stressors in Drosophila melanogaster: scripts and files
<p>Pipeline and analysis scripts as well as final data files</p>
Synergistic homovalent and heterovalent substitution effects on piezoelectric and relaxor behavior in lead-free BaTiO3 ceramics
<p>This study investigates lead-free BaTiO3 (BT) perovskite ceramics, unraveling the synergistic effects arising from simultaneous homovalent (Zr) and heterovalent (Nb) substitution. Focusing on piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and relaxor behaviors, this research employs a comprehensive suite of analyses, including temperature-dependent<br>dielectric measurements, polarization-electric field hysteresis loops, and bipolar strain measurements. Significantly, our study unveils that the simultaneous substitution of Zr and Nb in the BT lattice induces roomtemperature relaxor behavior at relatively low concentrations (5 % Zr and 3 % Nb), yielding higher permittivity and larger maximum polarization compared to single element (Zr or Nb) substituted BT relaxors. Bipolar strain measurements showcase substantial large-signal d33* values (~250 pm/V) across a broad temperature range (–50 ◦C to 30 ◦C) for BT ceramics with simultaneous 5 % Zr and 2 % Nb substitution. This research advances understanding of homovalent and heterovalent substitution in BT ceramics and opens avenues for tailoring properties to suit specific applications. </p>
Data from: Co-exposure to a honeybee pathogen and an insecticide: Synergistic effects in a new solitary bee host but not in Apis mellifera
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Synergistic negative effects between a fungicide and high temperatures on homing behaviours in honey bees
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Synergistic impacts of co-occurring invasive grasses cause persistent effects in the soil-plant system after selective removal
1. Human influence on the environment is so extensive that virtually all ecosystems on the planet are now affected by biological invasions. And, often, ecosystems are invaded by multiple co-occurring non-native species. Hence, it is important to understand the impacts these invasions are producing on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. 2. Here, we present results of a two-year long field experiment where we tested the effects of co-occurring invasive C4 African grasses in a Cerrado area in central Brazil. We compared plant and arthropod communities, plant biomass, and soil nitrogen dynamics and soil chemical characteristics across five experimental treatments: Urochloa decumbens removal, Melinis minutiflora removal, both U. decumbens, and M. minutiflora removal, U. decumbens and M. minutiflora invaded plots, and uninvaded Cerrado. We hypothesized that selective removal of invasive grasses would have distinct effects on the native ecosystem structure and functioning. We expected that each invasive grass would produce a different type of impact on the native ecosystem and that their impacts would be synergistic when co-occurring. 3. Removal of M. minutiflora doubled native plant diversity and biomass when compared to invaded plots, whereas removal of U. decumbens did not alter these parameters. Cerrado plots had four times more plant species than plots cleared of invasives. Removal of invasive grasses did not affect the species richness or community composition of soil epigeal fauna. Cerrado soils had lower fertility, organic matter content, and pH than invaded soils. The effects were generally higher when both invasive grasses were removed, suggesting impacts were synergistic, but M. minutiflora had greater effects on plants and soils than U. decumbens. Both invasive species produced negative impacts, but a single species was the main driver. We also detected persistent effects of the invasive grass species on the ecosystem after two years of removal. 4. We conclude that invasive species of the same functional group have similar types of effects in native ecosystems, but the magnitude of impact was largely dependent on invasive species biomass and cover. Where multiple invasive species are present, research and management of invaded ecosystems should tackle the interacting effects of co-occurring invaders.
Data from: Increasing synergistic effects of habitat destruction and hunting on mammals over three decades in the Gran Chaco
Habitat destruction and overexploitation are the main threats to biodiversity and where they co-occur, their combined impact is often larger than their individual one. Yet, detailed knowledge of the spatial footprints of these threats is lacking, including where they overlap and how they change over time. These knowledge gaps are real barriers for effective conservation planning. Here, we develop a novel approach to reconstruct the individual and combined footprints of both threats over time. We combine satellite-based land-cover change maps, habitat suitability models, and hunting pressure models to demonstrate our approach for the community of larger mammals (48 species >1 kg) across the 1.1 million km² Gran Chaco region, a global deforestation hotspot covering parts of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. This provides three key insights. First, we find that the footprints of habitat destruction and hunting pressure expanded considerably between 1985 and 2015, across ~40% of the entire Chaco – twice the area affected by deforestation. Second, both threats increasingly acted together within the ranges of larger mammals in the Chaco (17% increase on average, ±20% SD, cumulative increase of co-occurring threats across 465,000 km2), suggesting large synergistic effects. Conversely, core areas of high-quality habitats declined on average by 38%. Third, we identified remaining priority areas for conservation in the northern and central Chaco, many of which are outside the protected area network. We also identify hotspots of high threat impacts in central Paraguay and northern Argentina, providing a spatial template for threat-specific conservation action. Overall, our findings suggest increasing synergistic effects between habitat destruction and hunting pressure in the Chaco, a situation likely common in many tropical deforestation frontiers. Our work highlights how threats can be traced in space and time to understand their individual and combined impact, even in situations where data are sparse.
Data for: Possible synergistic effects of thymol and nicotine against Crithidia bombi parasitism in bumble bees
<p>Data and R scripts for analysis of nicotine-thymol synergy experiment and thymol dose experiment evaluating effects of nectar secondary metabolite treatments on <em>Crithidia bombi </em>parasite load and mortality in the bumble bee <em>Bombus impatiens.</em></p>
Dataset of paper "Wavelength synergistic effects in continuous flow-through water disinfection systems"
<p>Dataset of paper "Wavelength synergistic effects in continuous flow-through water disinfection systems"</p>
Synergistic effects of musking and autohemorrhaging on the duration of death feigning in dice snakes (Natrix tessellata)
<p>Predation exerts a significant selection pressure on prey, shaping a multitude of traits that serve as antipredator defences. In turn, natural selection could favour combinations of antipredator defences with synergistic effects that enhance prey survival. An especially interesting antipredator defence is death feigning (DF), present in a wide variety of taxa and usually characterized by the prey lying motionless often along with defecation, musking, and auto-haemorrhaging. All these aspects of DF should work in conjunction with one another, intensifying the overall effect of the display and in turn facilitating quicker escape. To confirm this hypothesis, we tested 263 dice snakes (<em>Natrix tessellata</em>) directly in the field. We noted the occurrence of smearing faeces and musk and autohaemorrhaging and we measured the duration of DF, expecting to see a negative association between the occurrence of these behaviours and the duration of DF. Our results affirm our hypothesis: dice snakes that smeared themselves in musk and faeces before DF and had auto-haemorrhaging during DF spent significantly less time in DF. Our results highlight the functional integration of antipredator behaviors across different phases of predator-prey interactions, emphasizing the need for future research to prioritize studying the sequential display of behaviors.</p>
Synergistic effect of salicylic acid and biochar on biochemical properties, yield and nutrient uptake of triticale under water stress
<p><span>The reduction of soil fertility and water sources in arid regions treats crop production. One of the practical solutions to overcome these problems is application of salicylic acid (SA) with biochar.</span><span> A pot experiment was conducted to consider the combination</span><span> of </span><span>SA with biochar</span><span> on biochemical and physiological parameters of triticale</span><span>.</span><span> Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation and irrigation according to 50% field capacity), salicylic acid application [without SA (SA0) and 3mM SA (SA3)] and fertilizer type including without fertilizer (control), application of 50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> phosphorus (P), and application of wheat biochar (WB), cotton biochar (CB) and sesame biochar (SB) (2% w/w).</span><span> Under water stress, CB at SA0 and SA3 could improve the total chlorophyll by 119.4 and 70.6%, compare to control respectively.<span> Also, carotenoid content in SA3 treatments increased in the range of 75.8 to 34.6% compared to SA0</span>. </span><span>CB at SA3, created the highest catalase activity (11.4% increase) compared to SB.</span><span> At SA3, the highest RWC was observed in WB and CB by 26.7 and 18.1% increases compared to SA0, respectively. </span><span>At SA3, CB could enhance grain yield by 24.8% under water stress. </span><span>Under water stress, at SA3, remobilization efficiency from 63.2% in control was enhanced to 69.2, 74.3 and 68.1% in WB, CB and SB, respectively. CB and WB had better chemical properties in terms of EC, N, P, K and micronutrients compared to SB. These properties of BC and WB enhanced their ability to increase the nutrient availability, biochemical properties and consequently the grain yield enhancement, especially when applied with SA3.</span></p>
Data Set Accompanying "Free Energy Decompositions Illuminate Synergistic Effects in Interfacial Binding Thermodynamics of Mixed Surfactant Systems"
<p>This data set accompanies "Free Energy Decompositions Illuminate Synergistic Effects in Interfacial Binding<br> Thermodynamics of Mixed Surfactant Systems" by Colin K. Egan and Ali Hassanali. It includes example GROMACS<br> input files for all simulations analyzed in the paper, as well as example data sets and analysis scripts. See<br> https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-h11k5 for the preprint manuscript.</p>
Synergistic Effects of Anxiety and Alcohol Use Among Latinos and Its Sociocultural Mechanisms
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03807817. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Synergistic Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Propofol for Sedation for Pediatric Endoscopy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02952222. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Benzyl alcohol synergistic effect with deltamethrin against Musca domestica with molecular docking of potential modes of action
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.