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A Standardized Review of Bat Names Across Multiple Taxonomic Authorities
<p>The Bat Eco-Interactions Working Group, in collaboration with GBatNet and the international Bat Taxonomy Group, developed the <strong>Bat Taxonomic Alignment (BTA)</strong> to reconcile taxonomic discrepancies across currently recognized bat species. As knowledge of bat population structure and evolutionary history advances, taxonomic boundaries and species names are frequently revised. To address these changes, the BTA integrates data from ten leading taxonomic authorities and consolidates relationships, synonyms, and historic combinations for over <strong>1,480 valid bat species</strong> across <strong>1,680 taxonomic treatments</strong>.</p> <p>This open-access, searchable tool provides a time-calibrated inventory of Chiroptera taxonomy, documenting valid names, alternative names, subspecies, and synonymies. By aligning these classifications, the BTA enables users to identify unharmonized binomials and trace nomenclatural changes over time. It promotes taxonomic clarity critical for research, biodiversity assessments, and conservation planning, where misidentified or misaligned taxa can lead to gaps in knowledge, resource misallocation, or overlooked species. The BTA thus represents a foundational advancement in bat biodiversity informatics, emphasizing transparency, data provenance, and interoperability across digital taxonomic frameworks.</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary file 1 from: Moliner Cachazo L, Makati K, Chadwick MA, Catford JA, Price BW, Mackay AW, Guiry MD, Murray-Hudson M, Murray-Hudson F (2023) A review of the freshwater diversity in the Okavango Delta and Lake Ngami (Botswana): taxonomic composition, ecology, comparison with similar systems and conservation status. Aquatic Sciences
<p>Dataset with 2,204 freshwater species from the Okavango Delta and Lake Ngami (Botswana), with additional 355 species found in other areas of Botswana that are likely to be present in the study region. The dataset covers the following groups: amphibians, birds, fishes, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, mammals, reptiles, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. The following information is given for each species: status in the Okavango Delta and Lake Ngami (present/potentially present); conservation status globally, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species name, cited synonyms, common name, habitat, presence in high water, presence in low water, ecology, distribution in continental Africa, confirmed locations in the Okavango Delta, site coordinates, references, notes.</p>
Fig. 11 in Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species
Fig. 11. Genitalia of Amphidromus (Syndromus) spp. A–B. Amphidromus areolatus (Pfeiffer, 1861) from Thad Fek, Attapeu, Laos showing the reproductive system and interior structures of the penis and vaginal chamber (CUMZ 7023). C–D. Amphidromus flavus (Pfeiffer, 1861) from Ban Na Deauy, Luang Phrabang, Laos showing the general characteristics of the genital system and the interior structures of the penis, atrium and vagina chamber (CUMZ 7027).
Fig. 12 in Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species
Fig. 12. SEM images of the radula. A–C. Amphidromus flavus (Pfeiffer, 1861) from Ban Na Deauy, Luang Phrabang, Laos (CUMZ 7027). D–F. Amphidromus xiengensis Morlet, 1891 from Ban Na Deauy, Luang Phrabang, Laos (CUMZ 7037). G–I. Amphidromus fuscolabris Möllendorff, 1898 from Ban Phone, Sekong, Laos (CUMZ 7041). A, D, G = central tooth with the first to fifth or sixth lateral teeth; B, E, H = lateral teeth with the tricuspid marginal teeth transition; C, F, I = outermost marginal teeth. Numbers indicate the order of the lateral and marginal teeth. Central tooth indicated by 'C'.
Fig. 10 in Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species
Fig. 10. Shells of Amphidromus (Syndromus) spp. A−C. Amphidromus areolatus (Pfeiffer, 1861) from Thad Fek, Attapeu, Laos (CUMZ 7022). D. Amphidromus begini (Morlet, 1886), syntype from Strung- Trang, Cambodia (MNHN-IM-2000-1832). E-G. Amphidromus flavus (Pfeiffer, 1861) from Tam Pou Kham, Vientiane, Laos (CUMZ 7029). H. Amphidromus flavus var. "indistinctus" Pilsbry, 1900, holotype (ANSP 31486). I–K. Amphidromus flavus var. "tryoni" Pilsbry, 1900. I. Lectotype (ANSP 31488). J. Paralectotype (ANSP 252745). K. Specimen from Ban Na Deauy, Luang Phrabang, Laos (CUMZ 7026). L–M. Amphidromus semitessellatus (Morlet, 1884). L. Lectotype (MNHN-IM-2000-1985). M. Specimen from Cambodia (NHMUK).
Fig. 3 in Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species
Fig. 3. Aestivation sites of Amphidromus species. A–B. Amphidromus roseolabiatus Fulton, 1896 (shell height about 34 mm) from NamTurn Bridge, Bolikhamxay, Laos, aestivated. A. Inside sterile fronds of stag horn ferns, Platycerium Desv. B. In a small hole on a Jackfruit tree trunk, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., with other snails, Quantula Baker, 1941 and Durgella Blanford, 1863. C. Amphidromus givenchyi Geret, 1912 (shell height about 43 mm), hiding in a small hole of a dipterocarpus tree shell. D. Amphidromus syndromoideus sp. nov. (shell height about 28 mm) from the type locality, hiding in a hole of a tree, visible after removal of clusters of sterile fronds of the basket fern Drynaria (Bory) J. Sm.
Fig. 2. Living snails. A–B. Amphidromus roseolabiatus Fulton, 1896. A in Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species
Fig. 2. Living snails. A–B. Amphidromus roseolabiatus Fulton, 1896. A. Typical form from Ban Phavong, Khammouan, Laos (CUMZ 7012). B. Form with white lip from Tam Mung Korn, Bolikhamxay, Laos (CUMZ 7005). C. Amphidromus givenchyi Geret, 1912 from Thad Lor Waterfall, Salavan, Laos (CUMZ 7018). D. Amphidromus syndromoideus sp. nov., holotype from the type locality (CUMZ 7019).
Fig. 14 in Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species
Fig. 14. Genitalia of Amphidromus (Syndromus) spp. A–B. Amphidromus xiengensis Morlet, 1891 from Luang Phrabang showing the reproductive system and interior structures of the penis and vaginal chamber (CUMZ 7035). C–D. Amphidromus fuscolabris Möllendorff, 1898 from Ban Phone, Sekong, Laos showing the general characteristics of the genital system and the interior structures of the penis, atrium and vaginal chamber (CUMZ 7041).
Fig. 9 in Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species
Fig. 9. Living snails of Amphidromus (Syndromus) spp. A. Amphidromus areolatus (Pfeiffer, 1861) from Thad Fek, Attapeu, Laos (CUMZ 7023). B. Amphidromus flavus (Pfeiffer, 1861) from Ban Na Deauy, Luang Phrabang, Laos (CUMZ 7027). C–D. Amphidromus xiengensis Morlet, 1891 from Thad Kacham, Luang Phrabang, Laos (CUMZ 7035), the typical form, and var. "multifasciata" Fulton, 1896, respectively. E–F. Amphidromus fuscolabris Möllendorff, 1898 from Ban Phone, Sekong, Laos (CUMZ 7041–7042). E. Typical color form. F. Monochrome yellowish color form.
Fig. 13 in Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species
Fig. 13. Shells of Amphidromus (Syndromus) spp. A−C. Amphidromus xiengensis Morlet, 1891. A. Lectotype (MNHN-IM-2000-5249). B. Specimen from Thailand (CUMZ 7050). C. Specimen from Tam Chiang Dao, Chiangmai, Thailand (CUMZ 7034). D−F. Amphidromus xiengensis var. "clausus" Pilsbry, 1900. D. Lectotype (ANSP 31496). E. Specimen from Ban Na Deauy, Luang Phrabang, Laos (CUMZ 7036). F. Specimen from Pha Tang, Prayao, Thailand (CUMZ 7052). G–H. Amphidromus xiengensis var. "multifasciata" Fulton, 1896 from Phu Nang National Park, Phayao, Thailand (CUMZ 7038). I−M. Amphidromus fuscolabris Möllendorff, 1898. I. Holotype (SMF 7641). J−M. Specimens from Ban Phon, Sekong, Laos (CUMZ 7041–7042). N. Amphidromus eudeli Ancey, 1897, syntype from Binh Dinh, Annam (RBINS 617427). O–P. Amphidromus haematostoma Möllendorff, 1898. O. Lectotype (SMF 7559). P. Paralectotype (SMF 7560). Q–R. Amphidromus haematostoma var. "varians" Möllendorff, 1898. Q. Lectotype (SMF 7561). R. Paralectotype (SMF 7562). S–T. Amphidromus xiengkhaungensis sp. nov. S. Holotype (CUMZ 7045). T. Paratype (CUMZ 7046).
Fig. 6 in Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species
Fig. 6. Genitalia of Amphidromus spp. A–B. Amphidromus roseolabiatus Fulton, 1896 from Ban Phavong, Khammouan, Laos showing reproductive system and interior structures of penis and vaginal chamber (CUMZ 7012). C–D. Amphidromus syndromoideus sp. nov., holotype, showing general characteristics of the genital system and interior structures of penis and vagina chamber (CUMZ 7019).
Fig. 7 in Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species
Fig. 7. SEM images of the radula. A–C. Amphidromus roseolabiatus Fulton, 1896 from Ban Phavong, Khammouan, Laos (CUMZ 7012). D–F. Amphidromus syndromoideus sp. nov., holotype (CUMZ 7019). G–I. Amphidromus areolatus (Pfeiffer, 1861) from Thad Fek, Attapue, Laos (CUMZ 7023). A, D, G = central tooth with the first to fifth to eighth lateral teeth; B, E, H = lateral teeth with the tricuspid marginal teeth transition; C, F, I = outermost marginal teeth. Numbers indicate the order of the lateral and marginal teeth. Central tooth indicated by 'C'.
Fig. 5 in Taxonomic review of the tree snail genus Amphidromus Albers, 1850 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) in Laos, with the description of two new species
Fig. 5. Shells of Amphidromus pervariabilis Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909. A–B. Syntype of the nominotypical form (MNHM-IM-2000-2049). C. Var. "bifasciata" Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909, syntype (MNHM-IM-2000-2059). D. Var. "goniostoma" Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909, syntype (MNHM- IM-2000-2058). E. Var. "lilacina" Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909, syntype (MNHM-IM-2000-2052). F. Var. "minor" Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909, syntype (MNHM-IM-2000-2050). G. Var. "monozonalis" Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909, syntype (MNHM-IM-2000-2057). H. Var. "obesa" Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909, syntype (MNHM-IM-2000-2053). I. Var. "protracta" Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909, syntype (MNHM-IM-2000-2051). J. Var. "tricolor" Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1909, syntype (MNHM- IM-2000-2054). K–L. Specimens from Khua District, Phongsaly, Laos (CUMZ 7014).
Fig. 3 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species
Fig. 3. Asterostegus sabineae sp. nov., holotype (MNHN IE-2013-8012) (A–F). A. Aboral basal portion of arm. B. Aboral middle portion of arm. C. Aboral and lateral distal portion of arm. D. Oral proximal portion of arm. E. Oral middle portion of arm. F. Lateral distal portion of arm. Abbreviations: AS = arm spine, LAP = lateral arm plate, Ten = tentacles, Tu = tubercle.
Fig. 5 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species
Fig. 5. Asterostegus sabineae sp. nov., paratype (SMNH-Type-8536), SEM photographs. A. Lateral arm plate from middle portion of arm, abradial view. B. Lateral arm plate from distal portion of arm, adradial view. C. Lateral arm plate from distal portion of arm, oral view. D-F. Arm spines: from proximal portion of arm (D), middle portion of arm (E), distal portion of arm, an arc indicates lamina (F). Abbreviations: MO = muscle opening, NO = nerve opening, ST = secondary tooth.
Fig. 10. Asterostegus tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species
Fig. 10. Asterostegus tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 (SMNH 123461), SEM photographs. A-D. Vertebra from middle portion of arm: distal view (A), aboral view (B), oral view (C) and lateral view (D). E-H. Vertebrae from distal portion of arm: distal view (E), aboral view (F), oral view (G) and lateral view (H). Abbreviations: K = knob, OB = oral bridge.
Fig. 7. Asterostegus tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species
Fig. 7. Asterostegus tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 (SMNH 123461). A. Aboral disc and proximal portion of arm. B. Aboral periphery of disc. C. Aboral central disc. D. Oral disc. E. Jaws. F. Oral periphery of disc. G. Oral periphery of disc, skin removed to observe internal ossicles, oral interradial plates of the same row are connected by black bars. H. Lateral disc, an arrow indicates madreporite. I. Aboral proximal portion of arm. Abbreviations: ADS = adoral shield, GEO = granule-shaped external ossicle, GS = genital slit, LB = lateral bar, OIP = oral interradial plate, OP = oral papillae, Te = teeth, Ten = tentacle, Tu = tubercle.
Fig. 1 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species
Fig. 1. Known distribution of Asterostegus maini McKnight, 2003, A. sabineae sp. nov., and A. tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 are indicated by square, circle and star shaped symbols respectively. Solid symbols indicate the type locality of each species.
Fig. 9. Asterostegus tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species
Fig. 9. Asterostegus tuberculatus Mortensen, 1933 (SMNH 123461). A. Aboral middle portion of arm. B. Aboral distal portion of arm. C. Oral proximal portion of arm. D. Oral middle portion of arm. E. Oral distal portion of arm. F. Lateral distal portion of arm. Abbreviations: AS = arm spine, LAP = lateral arm plate, Tu = tubercle.
Fig. 6. Asterostegus maini McKnight, 2003 in A taxonomic review of the genus Asterostegus (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with the description of a new species
Fig. 6. Asterostegus maini McKnight, 2003 (NIWA 7564, H-733). A. Aboral view. B. Oral view. C. Aboral periphery of disc. D. Aboral central disc. E. Jaws. F. Oral periphery of disc. G. Lateral disc. H. Aboral proximal portion of arm. I. Aboral middle portion of arm. J. Oral proximal portion of arm. K. Lateral middle portion of arm. Arrows indicate positions where oral interradial plates should exist (F, G). Abbreviations: ADS = adoral shield, AS = arm spine, GS = genital slit, LAP = lateral arm plate, Te = teeth, Ten = tentacle, Tu = tubercle.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.