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Figs 56–65. Type specimens. 56–57 in Revision of the genus Hesperopenna (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae). I. Generic redescription, definition of species groups and taxonomy of H. medvedevi species group
Figs 56–65. Type specimens. 56–57 – Hesperopenna flava Medvedev & Dang, 1981 (male, holotype, 7.6 mm); 58–59 – Calomicrus persimilis Kimoto, 1989 (male, paratype, 7.1 mm); 60–61 – Martinella merkli Medvedev, 2000 (male, paratype, 8.5 mm); 62–63 – Liroetiella englerae Medvedev, 1995 (female, paratype, 5.8 mm); 64–65 – Liroetiella warisan Mohamedsaid, 1998 (female, paratype, 4.1 mm). 56, 58, 60, 62, 64 – habitus; 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 – labels.
Data from: Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen
The breve species group includes closely related Bembidion Latreille ground beetles commonly found at high elevation in the mountains of western North America. For several decades, the group has been considered to consist of two species. Here, we present evidence from morphological, molecular and geographic data that the group contains nine species: Bembidion ampliatum, B. breve, B. geopearlis, B. laxatum, B. lividulum, B. oromaia, B. saturatum, B. testatum and B. vulcanix. We describe three species (B. geopearlis, B. oromaia and B. vulcanix) as new and resurrect four previously synonymized names (B. ampliatum, B. lividulum, B. saturatum and B. testatum). Species diversity is highest throughout the Cascades in Oregon and Washington, and Sierra Nevada of California, where up to seven species can occur in sympatry. We resolved challenging nomenclatural issues through analysis of sequences obtained from century-old type specimens by using a novel application of rDNA copy number analysis – an approach that may prove useful for other historical specimens.
Data from: Cryptic species in the mountaintops: species delimitation and taxonomy of the Bembidion breve species group (Coleoptera: Carabidae) aided by genomic architecture of a century-old type specimen
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FIGURE 28 in Taxonomy 2.0: Sequencing of old type specimens supports the description of two new species of the Lasiocampa decolorata group from Morocco (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae)
FIGURE 28. NJT tree (Kimura 2 parameter, built with MEGA6) for 10 species in the genus Lasiocampa based on sequence variation at COI. Sequence length of the holotype of Lasiocampa decolorata: 658bp. Width of triangles represent sample size, depth the genetic variation within the cluster. Source: DNA Barcode data from BOLD (Barcode of Life Database, cf. RATNASINGHAM & HEBERT 2007).
FIGURE 26 in Taxonomy 2.0: Sequencing of old type specimens supports the description of two new species of the Lasiocampa decolorata group from Morocco (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae)
FIGURE 26. Morocco, Toubkal, Ait El Qad 2200–2600 m. Typical habitat of L. editae on the southern slopes of the High Atlas Mts. Here Dr. Revay collecting Coenonympha vaucheri, Berberia abdelkader and Hipparchia hansii, typical butterfly species associated with L. editae.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy 2.0: Sequencing of old type specimens supports the description of two new species of the Lasiocampa decolorata group from Morocco (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae)
FIGURE 3. Lasiocampa editae sp. n. Genitalia slide Heterocera Nr. 19872 MWM "Morocco, High Atlas, Oukaimeden, NW slopes, 2,0–2,300 m, 11.–20. 08. 2012, G. Muller, E. Revay et al., BC ZSM Lep 76653, Museum Witt München". FIGURE 4. Lasiocampa staudingeri (BETHUNE-BAKER, 1885). Genitalia slide Heterocera Nr. 8691 MWM – Aedeagus mirror-inverted. "Coll. A. Seitz, Algerien, Lambessa, Coll. Th. Witt, München/Weiden".
Subspecies and Distribution. T.n.napuF.Cuvier,1822—SMyanmar,Thai/MalayPeninsula,islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(Langkawi&Pangkor),Borneo,SSumatra,BangkaI,islandsoffBorneo(Laut&Serasan). T.n.bangue:Chasen&Kloss,1931—BanggiIandBalembanganI,offNBorneo. T.n.bunguranensisMiller,1901—NatunaIs(=Bunguran),oftWBorneo. T.n.neubronneriSody,1931—NSumatra. T.n.nmiasisLyon,1916—NiasI,offWSumatra. T.n.rufulusMiller,1900—TiomanI,offEMalayPeninsula,RiauandLinggaArchipelagos. T. n. terutus Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Terutau I, off W Malay Peninsula. The species was recently reconfirmed for Singapore. Maps that include Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the distribution range are based on the earlier assumption that 7. versicolor was a subspecies of 1. napu. Subsequent studies have indicated that 7. versicolor is a distinct species, and that the range of 1. napu therefore does not extend into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The northern limit on the Thai-Malay peninsula is not well defined. Specimens of 1. napu have been collected from as far north as Bankachon in southern Myanmar (10° 08" N), but despite fairly intensive camera-trapping in Kui Buri National Park, Thailand (12° N), 7. napu has not been photographed there. At the northern margin ofits range, it is generally rare. It has been reported, for example, that during the flooding of the Chiew Larn Reservoir (Surat Thani Province; about 9° N, 98° 45' E), only six 7. napu were rescued compared with 172 71. kanchil. This area is the transition zone from wetter evergreen forest to drier deciduous types, and it might be that 7° napu is not well adapted to the drier forest types towards the northern limit ofits range. There are unconfirmed reports of the species on Java, where it may have been confused with one of the two color morphs of 7. javanicus. As explained in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of several islands remains unclear. in Tragulidae
Subspecies and Distribution. T.n.napuF.Cuvier,1822—SMyanmar,Thai/MalayPeninsula,islandsoffWMalayPeninsula(Langkawi&Pangkor),Borneo,SSumatra,BangkaI,islandsoffBorneo(Laut&Serasan). T.n.bangue:Chasen&Kloss,1931—BanggiIandBalembanganI,offNBorneo. T.n.bunguranensisMiller,1901—NatunaIs(=Bunguran),oftWBorneo. T.n.neubronneriSody,1931—NSumatra. T.n.nmiasisLyon,1916—NiasI,offWSumatra. T.n.rufulusMiller,1900—TiomanI,offEMalayPeninsula,RiauandLinggaArchipelagos. T. n. terutus Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 — Terutau I, off W Malay Peninsula. The species was recently reconfirmed for Singapore. Maps that include Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos in the distribution range are based on the earlier assumption that 7. versicolor was a subspecies of 1. napu. Subsequent studies have indicated that 7. versicolor is a distinct species, and that the range of 1. napu therefore does not extend into Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The northern limit on the Thai-Malay peninsula is not well defined. Specimens of 1. napu have been collected from as far north as Bankachon in southern Myanmar (10° 08" N), but despite fairly intensive camera-trapping in Kui Buri National Park, Thailand (12° N), 7. napu has not been photographed there. At the northern margin ofits range, it is generally rare. It has been reported, for example, that during the flooding of the Chiew Larn Reservoir (Surat Thani Province; about 9° N, 98° 45' E), only six 7. napu were rescued compared with 172 71. kanchil. This area is the transition zone from wetter evergreen forest to drier deciduous types, and it might be that 7° napu is not well adapted to the drier forest types towards the northern limit ofits range. There are unconfirmed reports of the species on Java, where it may have been confused with one of the two color morphs of 7. javanicus. As explained in the Taxonomy section, the subspecific status of the populations of several islands remains unclear.
FIGURE 5 in On further specimens of Dussumier's Mud Snake Dieurostus dussumierii (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) with notes on its taxonomy, type material, and natural history (Reptilia: Serpentes: Homalopsidae)
FIGURE 5. Dieurostus dussumierii MaxEnt modelling map with localities dotted, wherein increasingly darker intensity blackish shade (darkest> 60%; lightest <15%) indicate higher simulated projection values and hence higher likelihood of occurrence.
FIGURE 4 in On further specimens of Dussumier's Mud Snake Dieurostus dussumierii (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) with notes on its taxonomy, type material, and natural history (Reptilia: Serpentes: Homalopsidae)
FIGURE 4. Dieurostus dussumierii century-old, historical specimen TNHM(H) 149 (a) entire dorsolateral view, (b) entire ventrolateral view, (c) head lateral view, (d) head dorsal view, (e) head vental view and (f) subcaudal profile.
FIGURE 3 in On further specimens of Dussumier's Mud Snake Dieurostus dussumierii (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) with notes on its taxonomy, type material, and natural history (Reptilia: Serpentes: Homalopsidae)
FIGURE 3. Dieurostus dussumierii (a) close-up views of trunks of snakes injured unwittingly during farming, (b) live adult restrained in-situ, (c) live adult emerging out from paddy muck, (d) field dug out and worked by peasants and a live snake crawling out to slither away.
FIGURE 1. Dieurostus dussumierii a in On further specimens of Dussumier's Mud Snake Dieurostus dussumierii (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) with notes on its taxonomy, type material, and natural history (Reptilia: Serpentes: Homalopsidae)
FIGURE 1. Dieurostus dussumierii a syntype MNHN-RA-0.3751 (a) lateral, (b) dorsal and (c) ventral head profiles, (d) dorsal and (e) ventral entire body views. Photo courtesy MNHN; (f) modified reproduction of drawing from Duméril et al. (1854) showing entire ventrolateral view, head dorsal scalation and (inset) disarticulated skull and jaws.
FIGURE 2 in On further specimens of Dussumier's Mud Snake Dieurostus dussumierii (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) with notes on its taxonomy, type material, and natural history (Reptilia: Serpentes: Homalopsidae)
FIGURE 2. Dieurostus dussumierii CES/S-529–32 (a) dorsal views, (b) CES/S-530 dorsal entire view, (c) dorsal and (d) ventral views of CES/S-523–25 young ones, (e) CES/S-527 and (f) CES/S-528 showing two preoculars.
FIGURES 7–13. Heraclia specimens, dorsal. Fig. 7 in Elucidating the nomenclature and taxonomy of Phalaena euphemia Stoll, 1781, the type species of the genus Heraclia Hübner, [1820] (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Agaristinae)
FIGURES 7–13. Heraclia specimens, dorsal. Fig. 7) H. euphemia, male, Sudan, Nuba Mts. (OUMNH), Fig. 8) H. euphemia, male, Gambia, Abuko [unique number: ANHRTUK00149252], Fig. 9) H. geryon, male, Ivory Coast, Mt. Tonkoui [ANHR- TUK00052596] (ANHRT), Fig. 10) H. geryon, female, Nigeria, Lagos (OUMNH), Fig. 11) H. aemulatrix, male, DRC, Lukolela [ANHRTUK00149092], Fig. 12) H. aemulatrix, male, DRC, N Kivu [ANHRTUK00095565], Fig. 13) H. longipennis, Ghana, Ashanti Region [ANHRTUK00190143] (ANHRT).
Supplementary material 3 from: Goutte S, Reyes-Velasco J, Kassie A, Boissinot S (2022) Genetic and morphometric analyses of historical type specimens clarify the taxonomy of the Ethiopian Leptopelis gramineus species complex (Anura, Arthroleptidae). ZooKeys 1128: 63-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1128.82176
Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic inference, based on the ribosomal RNAs 16s for members of the Leptopelis gramineus complex
FIGURE 4. Specimen BMNH 1946.1.18.50 in On the importance of types and the perils of "en passant" taxonomy: a brief history of the typification of Coluber naja Linnaeus, 1758 (Serpentes: Elapidae) and its implications, with the designation of a lectotype
FIGURE 4. Specimen BMNH 1946.1.18.50, from Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. Holotype of Naia naia colour variety polyocellata Deraniyagala, 1939. (A) Top of the head and hood with hood mark. White arrows indicate the additional ocelli underlying the description of Deraniyagala's colour variety polyocellata. The blue patch is part of a nitrile glove holding down a flap of skin that is part of the hood. (B) Ventral view. White arrows indicate the four clearly defined ventral bands of the specimen. (C) Side view of the head; white arrow indicates the cuneate scale between the 4th and 5th infralabial, which is absent on the contralateral side of the head.
Figure 4 from: Proćków J, Faltyn-Parzymska A, Jarzembowski P, Proćków M, Jakubska-Busse A (2020) How many type specimens can be stored in old lesser-known herbaria with turbulent histories? – A Juncus case study reveals their importance in taxonomy and biodiversity research. PhytoKeys 153: 85-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50735
Figure 4 Country repsentation of Juncus specimens in WRSL. Y-axis: number of herbarium labels analysed. The African collection deserves particular attention (98 sheets (4.5%)), including sets from South Africa (64 sheets). The Asian collection (96 sheets) is dominated by plants from India (59). The percentage of plants from North America is as high as 10%.
Figure 2 from: Proćków J, Faltyn-Parzymska A, Jarzembowski P, Proćków M, Jakubska-Busse A (2020) How many type specimens can be stored in old lesser-known herbaria with turbulent histories? – A Juncus case study reveals their importance in taxonomy and biodiversity research. PhytoKeys 153: 85-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50735
Figure 2 Origin of Juncus historically- and nomenclaturally-important specimens at WRSL according to country. Y-axis: number of herbarium sheets. Specimens most frequently originated from South Africa (42.3%). Juncus type specimens were collected by many distinguished botanists. Amongst these, the four individuals gathered 37.2% of Juncus specimens: C.F. Ecklon & C.L.P. Zeyher, C. Krauss and J.F. Drège.
Figure 1 from: Proćków J, Faltyn-Parzymska A, Jarzembowski P, Proćków M, Jakubska-Busse A (2020) How many type specimens can be stored in old lesser-known herbaria with turbulent histories? – A Juncus case study reveals their importance in taxonomy and biodiversity research. PhytoKeys 153: 85-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50735
Figure 1 Percentage of different categories of Juncus specimens. Types, original material and specimens collected from the original type localities, by the author of the name ("topotypes") at WRSL.
FIGURE 27 in Taxonomy 2.0: Sequencing of old type specimens supports the description of two new species of the Lasiocampa decolorata group from Morocco (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae)
FIGURE 27. Morocco, High Atlas, Oukaimeden, Tisrafene south facing slopes, 2,800–3,000m.
Supplementary material 2 from: Reyes-Velasco J, Goutte S, Freilich X, Boissinot S (2021) Mitogenomics of historical type specimens clarifies the taxonomy of Ethiopian Ptychadena Boulenger, 1917 (Anura, Ptychadenidae). ZooKeys 1070: 135-149. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1070.66598
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