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60 results for “temperate rainforest”
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T2.3 Oceanic cool temperate rainforests
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T2.3 Oceanic cool temperate rainforests</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Small, coastal temperate rainforest watersheds dominate organic carbon transport to the northeast Pacific Ocean
The northeast Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest (NPCTR) extending from southeast Alaska to northern California is characterized by high precipitation and large stores of recently fixed biological carbon. We show that 3.4 Tg-C yr-1 as DOC is exported from the NPCTR drainage basin to the coastal ocean. More than 56% of this riverine DOC flux originates from thousands of small (mean = 118 km2), coastal watersheds that comprise 22% of the NPCTR drainage basin. The average DOC yield from NPCTR coastal watersheds (6.20 g-C m-2 yr-1) exceeds that from Earth’s tropical regions by roughly a factor of three. The highest yields occur in small, coastal watersheds in the central NPCTR due to the balance of moderate temperature, high precipitation, and high soil organic carbon stocks. These findings indicate that DOC export from NPCTR watersheds may play an important role in regional-scale heterotrophy within near-shore marine ecosystems in the northeast Pacific. These are the datasets used in this analysis
F I G U R E 5 in Another ghost of Gondwana-Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., a new species of the relict spider genus Progradungula (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from a temperate rainforest in eastern Australia
F I G U R E 5 Webs of the different Progradungula species. (a–b) Webs and immature of Progradungula barringtonensis sp. nov. (c) Progradungula carraiensis (Photo: G. Campell). (d) Progradungula otwayensis (Photo: M. J. Ramirez).
F I G U R E 3 in Another ghost of Gondwana-Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., a new species of the relict spider genus Progradungula (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from a temperate rainforest in eastern Australia
F I G U R E 3 Progradungula barringtonensis sp. nov. (holotype, AMS KS.129955). (a) Ventral view of spinnerets. (b) Tarsus of leg I (left) and leg II (right). (c) Left male palp in prolateral, ventral and retrolateral view (from left to right). Abbreviations: mA, median apophysis; mH, median hematodocha; PE, process of embolus; Te, tegulum. Scale bars: 1 mm.
F I G U R E 4 in Another ghost of Gondwana-Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., a new species of the relict spider genus Progradungula (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from a temperate rainforest in eastern Australia
F I G U R E 4 Progradungula carraiensis (male, AMS KS.6740). This is the specimen used for the description of the male characters of this species (Gray 1983). Due to conservational issues the specimen is largely discoloured. (a) Habitus. (b) Tarsus of leg I. (c) Tarsus of leg II. (d) Right male pedipalp in retrolateral, ventral and prolateral view (from left to right). Abbreviations: mA, median apophysis. Scale bars: 1 mm.
F I G U R E 2 in Another ghost of Gondwana-Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., a new species of the relict spider genus Progradungula (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from a temperate rainforest in eastern Australia
F I G U R E 2 Progradungula barringtonensis sp. nov. (holotype, AMS KS.129955). (a) Lateral view. (b) Dorsal view of body. (c) Ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
F I G U R E 1 in Another ghost of Gondwana-Progradungula barringtonensis Michalik & Smith, sp. nov., a new species of the relict spider genus Progradungula (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from a temperate rainforest in eastern Australia
F I G U R E 1 (a) Distribution map of the known Progradungula species. (b) Habitat of Progradungula barringtonensis sp. nov. in Barrington Tops National Park, New South Wales. (c) Male of P. barringtonensis sp. nov. (holotype, AMS KS.129955).
Defoliator outbreaks track with warming across the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest of North America
<p>The biogeography of irruptive insect herbivores is determined by host availability and climate conditions. As such, outbreak distributions are sensitive to climatic change, especially across large latitudinal gradients. Here, we investigate the outbreak distributions of two understudied defoliators, hemlock sawfly (Hymenoptera; <em>Neodiprion tsugae</em>) and western blackheaded budworm (Lepidoptera; <em>Acleris gloverana</em>), that have both recently impacted the greatest land area recorded across the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest since the establishment of aerial survey programs. We compiled polygon-based estimates of insect damage collected by aerial observers, forest inventory, and downscaled climatic data to develop gridded estimates of bioclimatic conditions across the extent of the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest, including the continental United States, British Columbia, and Alaska. We leveraged these data to develop ensemble machine learning models with the goal of predicting the outbreak distribution of each insect. In this manuscript we: (1) describe the historical patterns of defoliator outbreaks, (2) identify and describe climatic conditions associated with outbreaks in both species, and (3) assess whether historic outbreaks have tracked geographic shifts in climate conditions across the region. We demonstrate that outbreaks of hemlock sawfly and western blackheaded budworm have been observed across the Pacific coastal temperature rainforests of North America in each decade since the establishment of the Canadian and United States aerial survey programs. The distribution of outbreaks by both insects were best explained by host availability, a limited range of spring, summer, and winter temperatures, and minimum precipitation. Finally, we demonstrate that outbreaks have tracked the poleward shift in suitable climate over the last century. This study establishes a baseline understanding of the climatic constraints and biogeographic patterns of historic sawfly and budworm outbreaks across the Pacific coastal temperate rainforest and emphasizes the overarching importance of climate in driving the irruptive dynamics of these defoliator species.</p>
Figs. 192–197 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 192–197. Borneopauropus dignus sp.nov., holotype 192, 194–197, paratype 193: 192, head, median and right part, tergal view; 193, head with temporal organ, lateral view; 194, left antenna, sternal view; 195, collum segment, median and left part, sternal view; 196, tergites I–III; 197, tergite VI, median and right part, and pygidium, tergal view. Scale line a for figures 196, 197; b for figure 195; c for figures 192–194.
Figs. 155–168 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 155–168. Stylopauropoides hetaerosr sp.nov., holotype, 155–161, 164–168, paratype 162, 163: 155, head, median and right part, tergal view; 156, temporal organ, posterior part with pistil, lateral view; 157, left antenna, sternal view; 158, distal part of 3rd antennal segment, tergal view; 159, collum segment, median and left part, sternal view; 160, tergite VI, posterior part; 161, T; 162, T; 163, left genital papilla, anterior view; 1 3 164, seta on coxa of 9th pair of legs; 165, tarsus of 9th pair of legs; 166, pygidium, posterior part, sternal view; 167, pygidial seta a; 168, anal 1 plate, lateral view. Scale line a for figures 160–163, 165; b for figures 155, 156, 159, 164; c for figures 157, 158, 166–168.
Figs. 117–127 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 117–127. Stylopauropoides rounsevelli sp.nov., holotype: 117, head, median and right part, tergal view; 118, temporal organ, posterior part with pistil, lateral view; 119, right antenna, sternal view; 120, collum segment, median and left part, sternal view; 121, tergite VI, posterior part; 122, T; 123, T; 124, genital papillae and seta on coxa of 2nd pair of legs, anterior view; 125, seta on coxa of 9th pair of legs; 126, tarsus of 9th 3 5 pair of legs; 127, pygidium, sternal view. Scale line a for figures 122–126; b for figures 117, 118, 120, 121, 127; c for figure 119.
Figs. 105–116 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 105–116. Stylopauropoides erectus sp.nov., holotype 105–115, paratype 116: 105, head, median and right part, tergal view; 106, temporal organ, posterior part with pistil, lateral view; 107, left antenna, tergal view; 108, 3rd antennal segment, tergal view; 109, collum segment, median and left part, sternal view; 110, tergite VI, posterior part; 111, T; 112, seta on coxa of 9th pair of legs; 113, tarsus of 9th pair of legs; 114, 3 pygidium, tergal view; 115, anal plate, lateral view; 116, anal plate, sternal view. Scale line a for figures 105, 106, 110–113; b for figures 107–109, 114–116.
Figs. 82–93 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 82–93. Decapauropus terrestris sp.nov., holotype: 82, head, median and right part, tergal view; 83, temporal organ, posterolateral part, lateral view; 84, left antenna, tergal view; 85, collum segment, median and left part, sternal view; 86, tergite VI, posterior part; 87, T; 88, T; 89, 1 3 T; 90, seta on trochanter of 9th pair of legs; 91, tarsus of 9th pair of legs; 92, pygidium, median and left part, sternal view; 93, anal plate, lateral 5 view. Scale line a for figure 88; b for figures 86, 87; c for figures 82, 83, 85, 90, 91; d for figures: 84, 89, 92, 93.
Figs. 62–71 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 62–71. Decapauropus convexus sp.nov., holotype: 62, head, median and right part, tergal view; 63, temporal organ, posterior part, lateral view; 64, left antenna, sternal view; 65, collum segment, median and left part, sternal view; 66, T; 67, T; 68, seta on trochanter of 9th pair of 1 3 legs; 69, tarsus of 9th pair of legs; 70, pygidium, posterior and left part, sternal view; 71, anal plate, lateral view. Scale line a for figures 62, 63, 66, 67; b for figures 64, 65, 68, 69; c for figures 70, 71.
Figs. 142–154 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 142–154. Stylopauropoides scissus sp.nov., holotype: 142, head, median and right part, tergal view; 143, temporal organ, posterior part with pistil, lateral view; 144, temporal organ, posterior part with pistil, tergal view; 145, right antenna, tergal view; 146, collum segment, submedian and left part, sternal view; 147, tergite VI, posterior part; 148, T; 149, T; 150, genital papillae and seta on coxa of 2nd pair of legs, anterior view; 1 3 151, seta on coxa of 9th pair of legs; 152, tarsus of 9th pair of legs; 153, pygidium, posterior part, sternal view; 154, anal plate, lateral view. Scale line a for figure 149; b for figures 145–148, 150–152; c for figures 142–144, 153, 154.
Figs. 44–50 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 44–50. Decapauropus attenuatus sp.nov., holotype 44–45, 47–50; paratype 46: 44, T; 45, T; 46, genital papillae and seta on coxa of 2nd 1 3 pair of legs; 47, seta on trochanter of 9th pair of legs; 48, tarsus of 9th pair of legs; 49, pygidium, posteromedian and left part, sternal view; 50, anal plate, lateral view. Scale line a for figures 44–48; b for figures 49, 50.
Figs. 180–191 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 180–191. Pauropus vandiemeni sp.nov., holotype 180–185, 187–191, paratype 186: 180, head, median and right part, tergal view; 181, temporal organ, posterior part, lateral view; 182, right antenna, sternal view; 183, collum segment, median and left part, sternal view; 184, tergite VI, posteromedian part; 185, genital papillae and seta on coxa of 2nd pair of legs, anterior view; 186, genital papillae and seta of coxa of 2nd pair of legs in subad. 8; 187, seta on coxa of 9th pair of legs; 188, seta on trochanter of 9th pair of legs; 189, tarsus of 9th pair of legs; 190, pygidium, sternal view; 191, anal plate, lateral view. Scale line a for figures 180, 181, 183–191; b for figure 182.
Figs. 25–38 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 25–38. Decapauropus heis sp.nov., holotype 25–31, 33–38; paratype 32: 25, head, median and right part, tergal view; 26, posterior part of temporal organ; 27, right antenna, sternal view; 28, collum segment, median and left part, sternal view; 29, tergite VI, posterior part; 30, T; 31, 1 T; 32, genital papillae and seta on coxa of 2nd pair of legs, anterior view; 33, seta on coxa of 9th pair of legs, 34, seta on trochanter of 9th pair 3 of legs; 35, tarsus of 9th pair of legs; 36, pygidium, posterior part, sternal view; 37, anal plate, lateral view; 38, anal plate, tergal view. Scale line a for figures 30–35; b for figures 25, 28; c for figures 26, 27, 29, 36–38.
Figs. 1–11 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 1–11. Allopauropus fraterculus sp.nov., holotype 1–6, 8–11; paratype 7: 1, head, median and right part, tergal view; 2, right antenna, sternal view; 3, collum segment, median and left part, sternal view; 4, tergite VI, posterior part; 5, T; 6, T; 7, right genital papilla and seta on coxa of 1 3 2nd pair of legs, anterior view; 8, seta on trochanter of 9th pair of legs; 9, tarsus of 9th pair of legs; 10, pygidium, posterior and left part, sternal view; 11, anal plate, lateral view. Scale line a for figures 5, 6, 8, 9; b for figures 1–3, 4, 7; c for figures 10, 11.
Figs. 12–24 in New species of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from Tasmanian temperate rainforests
Figs. 12–24. Allopauropus inusitatus sp.nov., holotype 12–19; 21–24, paratype 20: 12, head, median and right part, tergal view; 13, left temporal organ, sternal view; 14, temporal organ, posterior part; 15, left antenna, sternal view; 16, collum segment, median and left part, sternal view; 17, tergite VI, posterior part; 18, T; 19, T; 20, genital papillae and seta on coxa of 2nd pair of legs; 21, seta on coxa of 9th pair of legs; 22, tarsus of 1 3 9th pair of legs; 23, pygidium, posteromedian and left part, sternal view, to the right setae a (above) and st; 24, anal plate, lateral view. Scale line 1 a for figure 20; b for figures 18,19; c for figures 12–14, 16, 17, 21, 22; d: 15, 23, 24.Figs. 39–43.
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