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13 results for “temperature-size rule”
Data from: Exceptions to the temperature-size rule: No Lilliput effect in end-Permian ostracods (Crustacea) from Aras Valley (NW Iran)
<p>The body size of marine ectotherms is often negatively correlated with ambient water temperature, as seen in many clades during the hyperthermal crisis of the end-Permian mass extinction (c. 252 Mya). However, in the case of ostracods, size changes during ancient hyperthermal events are rarely quantified. In this study, we evaluate the body size changes of ostracods in the Aras Valley section (NW Iran) in response to the drastic warming during the end-Permian mass extinction at three taxonomic levels (class, order, species). On the assemblage level, the warming triggers a complete species turnover in the Aras Valley section, with larger, newly emerging species dominating the immediate post-extinction assemblage for a short time. Individual ostracod species and instars do not show dwarfing or a change in body size as an adaptation to the temperature stress during the end-Permian crisis. This may indicate that ostracods might be exceptions to the temperature-size rule (TSR), using an adaptation mechanism that does not involve a decrease in body size. Many recent experimental studies show that accelerated development without size changes is a common response of modern ostracods to thermal stress.</p>
Data from: Exceptions to the temperature-size rule: No Lilliput effect in end-Permian ostracods (Crustacea) from Aras Valley (NW Iran)
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Data from: Testing multiple drivers of the temperature-size rule with nonlinear temperature increase
<p>The temperature-size rule (TSR) describes the inverse relationship between organism size and environmental temperature in uni- and multicellular species. Despite the TSR being widespread, the mechanisms for shrinking body size with warming remain elusive. Here, we experimentally test three hypotheses (differential development and growth [DDG], maintain aerobic scope and regulate oxygen supply [MASROS] and the supply-demand hypothesis [SD]) potentially explaining the TSR using the aquatic protist Colpidium striatum in three gradually changing and one constant temperature environment crossed with three different nutrient levels.</p> <p>We find that the constant and slowly warming environments show similar responses in terms of population dynamics, whereas populations with linear and fast warming quickly decline and show a stronger temperature-size response. Our analyses suggest that acclimation may have played a role in observing these differences among treatments. The SD hypothesis is most parsimonious with the data, however, neither the DDG nor the MASROS hypothesis can be firmly dismissed. We conclude that the TSR is driven by multiple ecological and acclimatory responses, hence multicausal.</p>
Fig. 3 in Clonal thermal preferences affect the strength of the temperature-size rule
Fig. 3 Relationship between the slopes of the following traits regressed on temperature: population growth rate r (x-axis) and body size (the absolute values of the negative slopes; y-axis). Each point represents a clone with its thermal adaptation distinguished by color. Blue squares are for cold clone, red circles are for warm clones, and green triangles are for Int clones. Slope± SE
Fig. 2 in Clonal thermal preferences affect the strength of the temperature-size rule
Fig. 2 Interclonal response to temperature in six clones of Lecane inermis rotifer: population growth rate r A and temperature-size rule response B. Blue squares are for cold clone, red circles are for warm clones, and green triangles are for Int clones. Means ± SE
Fig. 1 in Clonal thermal preferences affect the strength of the temperature-size rule
Fig. 1 Relationships among life history traits for six clones of the rotifer Lecane inermis: female body size and egg size measured from the stock populations at 25 °C A, female lifespan and total number of
Data from: Testing multiple drivers of the temperature-size rule with nonlinear temperature increase
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Data from: Why get big in the cold? Size-fecundity relationships explain the temperature-size rule in a pulmonate snail (Physa)
Most ectotherms follow a pattern of size plasticity known as the temperature-size rule where individuals reared in cold environments are larger at maturation than those reared in warm environments. This pattern seems maladaptive because growth is slower in the cold so it takes longer to reach a large size. However, it may be adaptive if reaching a large size has a greater benefit in a cold than in a warm environment such as when size-dependent mortality or size-dependent fecundity depends on temperature. I present a theoretical model showing how a correlation between temperature and the size–fecundity relationship affects optimal size at maturation. I parameterize the model using data from a freshwater pulmonate snail from the genus Physa. Nine families were reared from hatching in one of three temperature regimes (daytime temperature of 22, 25 or 28 °C, night-time temperature of 22 °C, under a 12L : 12D light cycle). Eight of the nine families followed the temperature-size rule indicating genetic variation for this plasticity. As predicted, the size–fecundity relationship depended upon temperature; fecundity increases steeply with size in the coldest treatment, less steeply in the intermediate treatment, and shows no relationship with size in the warmest treatment. Thus, following the temperature-size rule is adaptive for this species. Although rarely measured under multiple conditions, size–fecundity relationships seem to be sensitive to a number of environmental conditions in addition to temperature including local productivity, competition and predation. If this form of plasticity is as widespread as it appears to be, this model shows that such plasticity has the potential to greatly modify current life-history theory.
Data from: Temperature-size rule is mediated by thermal plasticity of critical size in Drosophila melanogaster
Most ectotherms show an inverse relationship between developmental temperature and body size, a phenomenon known as the temperature size rule (TSR). Several competing hypotheses have been proposed to explain its occurrence. According to one set of views, the TSR results from inevitable biophysical effects of temperature on the rates of growth and differentiation, whereas other views suggest the TSR is an adaptation that can be achieved by a diversity of mechanisms in different taxa. Our data reveal that the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, obeys the TSR using a novel mechanism: reduction of critical size at higher temperatures. In holometabolous insects, attainment of critical size initiates the hormonal cascade that terminates growth, and hence, Drosophila larvae appear to instigate the signal to stop growth at a smaller size at higher temperatures. This is in contrast to findings from another holometabolous insect, Manduca sexta, in which the TSR results from the effect of temperature on the rate and duration of growth. This contrast suggests that there is no single mechanism that accounts for the TSR. Instead, the TSR appears to be an adaptation that is achieved at a proximate level through different mechanisms in different taxa.
Data from: Metabolic theory and the temperature-size rule explain the temperature dependence of population carrying capacity
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Data from: Why get big in the cold? Size-fecundity relationships explain the temperature-size rule in a pulmonate snail (Physa)
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Data from: Temperature-size rule is mediated by thermal plasticity of critical size in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Macronutrient balance modulates the temperature-size rule in an ectotherm
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